SECTION ONE:READING 1
READING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST: 2
Aggression 3
READING OVERVIEW 8
READING SKILLS 10
VOCABULARY AND REFERENCE 10
SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT 10
Reading Exercise 1 13
Smog 13
Autism 14
Parasitic Plants 15
Edna Ferber 16
SKILL 2 RECOGNIZE REFERENTS 17
Reading Exercise 2 19
Animal Congregation 19
Chromium Compounds 20
New World Epidemics 21
Horatio Alger,Jr. 22
Reading Review Exercise(Skills 1-2) 23
Coral Colonies 23
SENTENCES 26
SKILL 3 SIMPLIFY MEANINGS OF SENTENCES 26
Reading Exercise 3 28
Camouflage 28
Post-it？Notes 29
The Pulitzer Prize 31
Competition and Cooperation 33
SKILL 4 INSERT SENTENCES INTO THE PASSAGE 35
Reading Exercise 4 37
Popcorn 37
Lions 38
Accidental Inventions 39
Uranium 40
Reading Exercise(Skills 3-4) 41
Theodore Dreiser 41
Reading Review Exercise(Skills 1-4) 45
Pulsars 45
DETAILS 49
SKILL 5 FIND FACTUAL INFORMATION 49
Reading Exercise 5 51
Lake Baikal 51
The Postage Stamp 52
The Clovis Culture 53
Brown Dwarfs 54
SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND NEGATIVE FACTS 56
Reading Exercise 6 59
Flatfish 59
Limestone Caves 60
Wrigley's Chewing Gum 61
Dissociative Identity Disorder 62
Reading Exercise(Skills 5-6) 63
John Muir 63
Reading Review Exercise(Skills 1-6) 66
Caretaker Speech 66
INFERENCES 70
SKILL 7 MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS 70
Reading Exercise 7 72
Tiger Moths 72
The Cambrian Explosion 73
The Golden Age of Comics 74
The Filibuster 75
SKILL 8 INFER RHETORICAL PURPOSE 76
Reading Exercise 8 78
Xerography 78
Demographic Change 79
The Hubble Telescope 81
Territoriality 82
Reading Exercise(Skills 7-8) 83
Ella Deloria 83
Reading Review Exercise(Skills 1-8) 87
Early Autos 87
READING TO LEARN 91
SKILL 9 SELECT SUMMARY INFORMATION 91
Reading Exercise 9 94
Island Plant Life 94
Ben and Jerry 95
The Bald Eagle 96
Modernism in Art 97
SKILL 10 COMPLETE SCHEMATIC TABLES 98
Reading Exercise 10 101
Sand Dunes 101
A Surprising Connection 102
Carnivorous Plants 103
William Faulkner 104
Reading Exercise(Skills 9-10) 105
Species 105
Reading Review Exercise(Skills 1-10) 107
Decisions 107
READING POST-TEST 111
Aquatic Schools 112
SECTION TWO:LISTENING 117
LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 118
A Problem with a Class 119
Sleep 121
LISTENING OVERVIEW 123
LISTENING SKILLS 125
BASIC COMPREHENSION 125
SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND THE GIST 125
Listening Exercise 1 128
An Engineering Course 128
The Grade Report 128
Lakes 129
Meteorology 129
SKILL 2 UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS 130
Listening Exercise 2 133
A Parking Sticker 133
A Drama Class 134
Early Teachers 135
Iron Pyrite 136
Listening Review Exercise(Skills 1-2) 137
An Anthropology Paper 137
PRAGMATIC UNDERSTANDING 139
SKILL 3 UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION 139
Listening Exercise 3 143
The Library 143
The Transcript 144
The Opossum 145
Venus 146
SKILL 4 UNDERSTAND THE SPEAKER'S STANCE 148
Listening Exercise 4 152
Course Load 152
A Questionnaire 153
Iroquois Houses 154
Hail 155
Listening Exercise(Skills 3-4) 156
The Fugio Coin 156
Listening Review Exercise(Skills 1-4) 158
Hibernation 158
CONNECTING INFORMATION 160
SKILL 5 UNDERSTAND THE ORGANIZATION 160
Listening Exercise 5 164
Tropism 164
Fossils 165
Clarence Darrow 166
Fractures 167
SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIPS 168
Listening Exercise 6 170
A Placement Test 170
A Term Paper 170
Conifers 171
Presentation 172
Listening Exercise(Skills 5-6) 173
The Outer Banks 173
Listening Review Exercise(Skills 1-6) 175
Leaf Arrangements 175
LISTENING POST-TEST 177
The Music Project 178
The Great Lakes 180
SECTION THREE:SPEAKING 183
SPEAKING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 184
A Good Teacher 185
Vacation Preferences 185
Registering for Classes 186
Nonverbal Communication 187
A Problem in French Class 188
Echolocation 188
SPEAKING OVERVIEW 189
SPEAKING SKILLS 192
INDEPENDENT TASKS 192
SKILL 1 PLAN THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 192
Speaking Exercise 1 193
Characteristics of a Good Neighbor 193
Your Favorite Holiday 193
Which Person Helped the Most 194
Ten Million Dollars 194
Your Dream House 194
Your Favorite Food 194
Characteristics of a Good Parent 195
Where You Want to Live 195
The Person You Want to Meet 195
Where You Will Take the TOEFL Test 195
SKILL 2 MAKE THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 196
Speaking Exercise 2 197
Speaking Review Exercise(Skills 1-2) 197
Your Job 197
Driver Age 197
Student Excuses 197
Your Favorite Day 197
Government Changes 197
SKILL 3 PLAN THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 197
Speaking Exercise 3 199
Large or Small Class 199
Dinner at Home or Dinner Out 199
Marriage Before or After Age Thirty 199
Preferred Type of Exams 200
Trip by Plane or Train 200
Big City or Small Town 200
Study Alone or with Friends 200
Play or Watch Sports 201
Opera or a Football Game 201
TOEFL Test or a Math Test 201
SKILL 4 MAKE THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 202
Speaking Exercise 4 203
Speaking Review Exercise(Skills 3-4) 203
Teacher Mistakes 203
Taking Chances or Playing It Safe 203
Career Choices 203
Decision Making 203
Obeying Parents 203
INTEGRATED TASKS(READING AND LISTENING) 204
SKILL 5 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 204
Speaking Exercise 5 205
Bicycle Parking on Campus 205
A Professor's Retirement 205
Part of a Class Syllabus 206
SKILL 6 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 206
Speaking Exercise 6 208
Bicycle Parking on Campus 208
A Professor's Retirement 208
Part of a Class Syllabus 209
SKILL 7 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 209
Speaking Exercise 7 211
SKILL 8 MAKE THE RESPONSE 212
Speaking Exercise 8 213
Speaking Review Exercise(Skills 5-8) 213
History Syllabus 213
SKILL 9 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 214
Speaking Exercise 9 215
The Dead Sea 215
Polling 215
The Polynesian Migration 216
SKILL 10 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 216
Speaking Exercise 10 217
The Dead Sea 217
Polling 218
The Polynesian Migration 218
SKILL 11 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 219
Speaking Exercise 11 220
SKILL 12 MAKE THE RESPONSE 221
Speaking Exercise 12 222
Speaking Review Exercise(Skills 9-12) 222
The Equity Theory 222
INTEGRATED TASKS(LISTENING) 223
SKILL 13 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 223
Speaking Exercise 13 225
Choosing a Professor 225
Study Habits 225
An Independent Study Project 226
SKILL 14 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 227
Speaking Exercise 14 228
SKILL 15 MAKE THE RESPONSE 229
Speaking Exercise 15 230
Speaking Review Exercise(Skills 13-15) 230
Bored in Class 230
SKILL 16 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 231
Speaking Exercise 16 232
The Bank Holiday of 1933 232
Creativity 233
The Amazon River 233
SKILL 17 PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK 234
Speaking Exercise 17 235
SKILL 18 MAKE THE RESPONSE 236
Speaking Exercise 18 237
Speaking Review Exercise(Skills 16-18) 237
SAD 237
SPEAKING POST-TEST 238
An Admirable Person 239
Getting News 239
A Cafeteria Problem 240
Social Environments 241
A Class Schedule Problem 242
Life on Mars 242
SECTION FOUR:WRITING 243
WRITING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 244
Human Memory 245
A News Story 246
WRITING OVERVIEW 247
WRITING SKILLS 249
INTEGRATED TASK 249
SKILL 1 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 249
Writing Exercise 1 251
Homeschooling 251
Polysemy 251
Margaret Mead's Research 252
SKILL 2 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 253
Writing Exercise 2 255
Homeschooling 255
Polysemy 256
Margaret Mead's Research 256
SKILL 3 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 257
Writing Exercise 3 259
SKILL 4 WRITE A TOPIC STATEMENT 260
Writing Exercise 4 262
SKILL 5 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON READING PASSAGES 263
Writing Exercise 5 264
SKILL 6 WRITE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS ON LISTENING PASSAGES 265
Writing Exercise 6 267
SKILL 7 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 268
Writing Exercise 7 269
Management Styles 269
Earthquake Waves 269
SKILL 8 REVIEW GRAMMAR 270
Writing Exercise 8 270
American English Spelling 270
Aversive Conditioning 271
Writing Review Exercise(Skills 1-8) 272
Stonehenge 272
INDEPENDENT TASK 273
SKILL 9 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE 273
Writing Exercise 9 274
Relieving Stress 274
A Famous Place to Visit 274
Actions or Words 275
Yourself Today and Five Years Ago 275
Team or Individual Sports 275
The Best Age to Marry 275
Characteristics of a Good Teacher 276
Haste Makes Waste 276
Learning a New Language 276
The TOEFL Test 276
SKILL 10 WRITE THE INTRODUCTION 277
Writing Exercise 10 278
SKILL 11 WRITE UNIFIED SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 281
Writing Exercise 11 283
SKILL 12 CONNECT THE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 284
Writing Exercise 12 285
SKILL 13 WRITE THE CONCLUSION 287
Writing Exercise 13 288
SKILL 14 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 290
Writing Exercise 14 291
Team Sports 291
SKILL 15 REVIEW GRAMMAR 292
Writing Exercise 15 293
University and High School Studies 293
Writing Review Exercise(Skills 9-15) 293
Emotions 293
WRITING POST-TEST 294
Unintended Consequences 295
Safe or Sorry 296
MINI-TESTS 297
MINI-TEST 1 297
Reading Migration 298
Listening Science Lab 303
The Little House Books 305
Speaking Leader of the Country 308
History Films 308
Formation of Glaciers 309
Writing Garlic 311
MINI-TEST 2 313
Reading Birth Order 314
Listening Confused Assignment 319
Cross-Dating 321
Speaking Getting Up Early 324
Leadership Roles 324
Meeting on Exam Schedule 325
Writing Historical Event 327
MINI-TEST 3 329
Reading Ketchup 330
Listening Biology Class 335
Gem Cuts 337
Speaking Hometown 341
Library Rules 341
Split Infinitives 342
Writing Scientific Management 344
MINI-TEST 4 345
Reading Estuaries 346
Listening Cumulative Exam 351
Mountains 353
Speaking Kinds of Exams 356
Nullification 356
Psychology Class 357
Writing Working for Others 359
MINI-TEST 5 361
Reading Schizophrenia 362
Listening Scholarship 367
Atolls 369
Speaking A Good Friend 372
Student Assistant Positions 372
Zero-Sum Economies 373
Writing Catch-22 375
MINI-TEST 6 377
Reading Exxon Valdez 378
Listening Schedule Plan 383
Animal Hearing 385
Speaking Million Dollars 388
Formation of the Solar System 388
Rescheduled Speaker 389
Writing Visitors to Your Country 391
MINI-TEST 7 393
Reading Plate Tectonics 394
Listening Group Project 399
The Trumpet 401
Speaking Studying English 404
Discussion Class 404
NIMBY 405
Writing Supernovas 407
MINI-TEST 8 409
Reading Limners 410
Listening General Studies 415
Carbon 417
Speaking Big Party 420
Somnambulism 420
Questioning the Professor 421
Writing Violence in Movies 423
COMPLETE TESTS 425
COMPLETE TEST 1 425
Reading 1 Prehistoric Astronomers 426
Reading 2 Truman and the Railroads 431
Reading 3 Mathematical Bases 435
Listening Student Newspaper 441
The Great Salt Lake 443
Kleenex 445
Exam Grade 448
Hawaii 450
Three-Mile Island 452
Speaking Dream Job 455
Group Paper 455
Spring Show 456
Great Ape Communication 457
Dreaded Science Class 458
Mercantilism 458
Writing Venus 460
Family Traditions 461
COMPLETE TEST 2 463
Reading 1 Navigational Devices 464
Reading 2 The Neanderthals 469
Reading 3 The Silent Era 473
Listening Grade Report 478
Washington,D.C. 480
The Letter C 482
The Space Shuttle 485
Caves 487
The Compound Eye 489
Speaking Favorite Movie 492
Telling a Lie 492
Business Internships 493
Supersonic Speed 494
Proiect Done Bit by Bit 495
Multiple Personality Disorder 495
Writing Social Promotion 497
Good Leader 498
APPENDIXES 499
APPENDIX A Cohesion 499
APPENDIX B Sentence Structure 507
APPENDIX C Error Correction(Grammar) 514
DIAGNOSIS,ASSESSMENT,AND SCORING 551
Overall Scores 553
Reading Diagnosis and Scoring 554
Listening Diagnosis and Scoring 558
Speaking Assessment and Scoring 562
Writing Assessment and Scoring 573
RECORDING SCRIPT 580
ANSWER KEY 647