《英语基础知识手册》PDF下载

  • 购买积分:15 如何计算积分?
  • 作  者:全国三十八所重点中学教师编
  • 出 版 社:长春:吉林人民出版社
  • 出版年份:1997
  • ISBN:7206027652
  • 页数:456 页
图书介绍:面向21世纪的外语教学与研究,ISBN:9787206027659,作者:

实用资料篇 1

篇首导语 1

目录 1

第一部分 常用不规则动词分类表 2

第三部分 度量衡表 5

第二部分 某些词英美拼法对照表 5

第四部分 主要国名、首都名、居民和语言 6

第五部分 部分英语前缀、后缀 11

第六部分 英文反义词表 17

第七部分 亲族关系 22

1.倒装与省略(规则1—3条) 24

第八部分 活用文法规则(142条) 24

2.名词(规则4—20条) 25

3.代名词(规则21—45条) 27

5.比较法(规则51—52条) 31

4.形容词(规则46—50条) 31

6.冠词(规则53—57条) 32

8.时式(规则62—71条) 33

7.动词的用法(规则58—61条) 33

9.助动词(规则72—81条) 35

10.语态(规则82—86条) 36

11.语气(规则87—93条) 37

12.不定式与动名词(规则94—109条) 38

13.副词(规则110—118条) 41

14.介词系(119—136条) 42

15.连接词(规则137—142条) 44

(一)语言功能项目简表 45

第九部分 交际语言 45

(二)情景对话(Conversations) 51

1.Telephoning(打电话) 52

2.Shopping(买东西) 53

3.Asking(问路) 55

4.Seeing a Doctor(看病) 57

5.At a Restaurant(上餐馆) 60

6.At the Library(在图书馆) 62

一、如何学习语音 65

篇首导语 65

实用语音篇 65

三、元音和辅音 66

二、字母、音素和音标 66

四、音节的划分 67

(一)元音字母在重读音节中的读音规则和例外情况 68

七、字母和字母组合读音规则及其例外情况 68

五、开音节和闭音节 68

六、-r音节和-re音节 68

(二)部分辅音字母的读音规则和例外情况 71

(三)字母组合的读音规则和例外情况 72

八、单词的重音 75

九、基本语词 76

十、一些单词的读音变化 77

a/an,per 79

a/an,one 79

词汇篇 79

篇首导语 79

第一部分 中学生最易混淆的英语词语 79

a kind of,of a kind 80

a great deal,a grat deal of 80

a bit,a bit of 80

a dozenof,dozensof 80

a score of,scores of 81

a piece of,of a piece 81

alot,alot of,lots of 81

a number of,the numberof 81

accident,incident,event 82

accept,receive 82

about,on 82

above all,after all 82

absent in,absent from 82

afraid of,afraid for 83

advice,advise 83

across,cross 83

act,action 83

act as,act for 83

add to,add up to 83

alike,like 84

aid,help 84

ago,before 84

agree to,agree with 84

all-round,all round 85

allow,permit,let 85

alive,live,living 85

all,all of 85

all,whole 85

all-day,all day 85

already,all ready 86

aloud,loud,loudly 86

almost,nearly 86

alone,only 86

alone,lonely 86

among,between 87

always all ways 87

also,too 87

although,though 87

any,some 88

anxious for,anxious about 88

angry at,angry with 88

another,other,the other 88

anxious,eager 88

argue about,argue with 89

area,rigion 89

anyone,anyone,anybody 89

anyway,any way 89

apologize for,apologize to 89

as……as,so……as 90

as,like 90

arise,rise 90

arms,weapon 90

around,round 90

arouse,rouse 90

arrive at,arrive in 90

as much,much as 91

as for,as to 91

as if,as though 91

at a time,at one time 92

at,in 92

as well,as well as 92

ask,demand 92

ask,ask for 92

as.eep,sleepy,sleeping 92

at sight at the sight of 93

at present,for the present 93

at ease,with ease 93

at hand,in hand 93

at least,in least 93

at peace,in peace 93

atthe end,by the end,in the end 94

at the o?rner,in the corner,on the cornber 94

at stp? at a speed of 94

at the beginning(of),in the begining(of) 94

beggage,luggage 95

back,backwards 95

atthetop of,onthetopof 95

attend,take part in 95

because,because of 96

beat,defeat,win 96

bare,barely 96

base,basis 96

bath,bathe 96

beside,beaides 97

below,under 97

beforelong,long before 97

begin,after 97

believe,believe in 97

break in,break into 98

brain,brains 98

blind,blinded 98

born,borne 98

borrow,lend 98

both,either 98

by bus,onthe bus,inthe bus 99

busy in,busy with 99

breath,breathe 99

broad,wide 99

broadcast,broadcasted 99

burned,burnt 99

care about,care for 100

can,may 100

by day,by the day 100

call at,call on 100

can,able 100

change into,change…into 101

chance,opportunity 101

cause,reason 101

celebrate,congratulate 101

celebrated,famous 101

centre,middle 101

clever at,clever with 102

clever,wise 102

childish,childlike 102

china,China 102

choose,select 102

clean,clear 102

clean,cleanly 102

compare…to,compare…with 103

commonsense,common sense 103

climate,weather 103

close,closely 103

clothes,cloth,clothing 103

come,go 103

couple,pair 104

cost,spend,take 104

connect with,connected with 104

consult,consult with 104

cook,cooker 104

deaf to,deaf in 105

dark,black ( 105

crew,crewman 105

cure,treat 105

costom,habit 105

daily,everyday 105

devote…to,devoted to 106

desert,dessert 106

decide,determine 106

deep,deeply 106

delighted,delightful 106

depend,depend on 106

draw,drag 107

discover,invent 107

die,dead 107

die for,die from,die of 107

dinner,meal 107

disappointed,disappointing 107

early,so on 108

each other,one another 108

dress,suit 108

drill,excercise 108

drunk,drunken 108

each,every 108

everybody,every body,everyone,every one 109

ect,and soon 109

economic,economical 109

e.g…i,e 109

either…or,neither…nor 109

elder,older 109

excited,exciting 110

except,cxcept for 110

everyday,every day 110

example,sample,specimen 110

fast,fastly 111

farther,further 111

fail,fail in 111

fall,drop 111

famous as,famous for 111

faraway,far away 111

find,find out 112

fight for,fight with 112

fast,quick 112

feed,foot 112

few,a few,little,a little 112

fight,battle 112

for a moment,for the moment 113

for,during 113

finish,firstly,at first 113

floor,storey 113

friendly to,friendly with 114

forget to do,forget doing 114

for onself,by oneself,to oneself,of oneself 114

force,oblige 114

forest,wood 114

give in,give up 115

gift,present 115

frigh?ened,frightening 115

game,play 115

gate,door 115

gather,collect 115

goto sea,gotothe sea 116

goto school,gotothe school 116

go on strike,be on strike 116

go on to do,go on doing,go on with 116

go to bed,go to sleep 116

happen,take place 117

happen,happen to 117

god,God 117

gold,golden 117

good at,good for 117

greenhouse,green house 117

hanged,hung 117

hear,listen 118

healthful,healthy 118

hard,hardly 118

hard,difficult 118

have a word with,have wordswith 118

have something to do,have 118

something to do with 118

home,house,family 119

holiday,vacation 119

hear of,hear from 119

help,help with,help…with 119

high,highly 119

highway,freeway 119

historic,historical 119

infavour,infavour of 120

in case of,in the case of 120

homework,housework 120

hour,o'clock 120

if,in case 120

ill,sick 120

in the east of,to the east of,on the east of 121

in the distance,at a distance 121

infront of,inthefront of 121

in order to,in order that 121

in sight,in sight of 121

in the air,on the air 121

in word,in a word 122

in time,on time 122

in the evening,on the evening of 122

in the field,on the field of 122

in the road,on the road 122

in the street,on the road 122

in the street,on the street 122

in the way,on the way 122

job,work 123

jewel,jewellery 123

indoor,indoors 123

in dustrial,industrious 123

in stead,in stead of 123

into,in to 123

introduce…to,introduce…into 123

know,learn 124

kill,murder 124

join,join in 124

just,just now 124

keep doing,keep on doing 124

key of,key to 124

lay,lie 125

laugh,smile 125

know,know of 125

known as,known for,known to 125

lady,woman 125

last,at last 125

late,lately 125

look good,look well 126

live by,live on 126

learn,study 126

learned,learnt 126

leave,leave for 126

let's,let us 126

many,much 127

made of,made up of,made from 127

looking-glass,mirror 127

love,lover 127

machine,machinery 127

most,mostly 128

more than,more…than 128

marry…to,married to 128

matter,material 128

maybe,may be 128

meet,meet with 128

meeting,party 128

no,not 129

Negro,Black 129

move,remove 129

movie,movies 129

Mr,sir 129

near,nearly 129

now,now that 130

not…but,not only…but also 130

no more than,not more than,no more…than,not more…than 130

noise,sound,voice 130

none,no one 130

one day,some day 131

once again,once and again 131

officer,official 131

often,always 131

on earth,in the earth 131

on the left,to the left 131

part of,a part of 132

over and over,over agai 132

onto,on to 132

origm,original 132

other,the other 132

out of quesiton,out of thee question 132

outdoor,outdoors 132

play,play with 133

phenomena,phenomenon 133

passed,past 133

pause,stop 133

people,peoples,the people 133

prepare for,prepared for 134

practical,practicable 134

pleased,plsasing 134

p.m.,afternoon 134

politic,political 134

politician,statesman 134

real,true 135

raise,rise 135

principal,principle 135

provide…for,provide…with 135

question,problem 135

respectful,respectable 136

research,re-search 136

regrettodo,regretdoing 136

regretful,regrettable 136

remember to do,remember doing 136

repeat,repeat again 136

require to do,require doing 136

satisfactory,satisfied 137

run out,run out of 137

responsible for,responsible to 137

reward,aware 137

ride,drive 137

right,correctable 137

shoot,shoot at 138

send,send for 138

scarce,scarcely 138

scene,scenery 138

search,search for 138

seat,sit 138

select,elect 138

sometime,sometimes,some time 139

some,somewhat 139

shout at,shout to 139

slow,slowly 139

so…that,such…that 139

stay,remain 140

stare at,glare at 140

sorry,excuse,pardon 140

sorry for,sorry to 140

spend…in,spend…on 140

tall,high 141

take care,take care of 141

stop to do,stop doing 141

strict in,strict with 141

supply…to,supply…with 141

take,bring,fetch 141

too…to,only too…to 142

too,either 142

tasteful,tasty 142

technology,techinque 142

the same as,the same…as 142

till until 142

tired of,tired with 142

under the sun,in the sun 143

under one's arm,in one's arms 143

tour,trip,travel,voyage,journey 143

try to do,try doing 143

turn mto,turn…into 143

welcome,welcomed 144

warn…of,warn…against 144

unless,if…not 144

usedto,be usedto 144

useful for,useful to 144

valued,valuable 144

want to,want doing 144

work,works 145

wide,widely 145

whether,if 145

3.above 146

2.about 146

write in,write with 146

第二部分 英语主题与核心词汇讲解267题 146

1.abbreviations 146

9.across 147

8.acrobatics 147

4.abroad 147

5.absence 147

6.aceent 147

7.accept 147

12.adjective 148

11.address 148

10.act 148

13.adverb 149

17.against 150

16.afternoon 150

14.affect 150

15.after 150

21.alive 151

20.aerline 151

18.ago 151

19.agree 151

24.also,as well,too 152

23.almost 152

22.all 152

27.and 153

26.among和between 153

25.although和though 153

34.around和round 154

33.appliance 154

28.another 154

29.anxious和eagar 154

30.any 154

31.apart 154

32.appear 154

36.as 155

35.article 155

38.at 156

37.ask 156

40.back 157

39.baby-sit 157

47.be 158

46.bath和bathe 158

41.bad和badly 158

42.bad和bold 158

43.band和orchestra 158

44.banner和flag 158

45.basic和BASIC 158

54.behave 159

53.begin和start 159

48.because和because of 159

49.become,welcome和overcome 159

50.bed 159

51.beef,pork和mutton 159

52.before 159

62.black 160

61.biscuit,cracker和cookie 160

55.believe和believe in 160

56.besides和except 160

57.better 160

58.between 160

59.beyond 160

60.bi- 160

70.British English和American English 161

69.bringing和take 161

63.blame 161

64.blunder 161

65.blush 161

66.boil 161

67.bow 161

68.bridge 161

72.but和except 162

71.burst 162

84.close和colsely 163

83.close和shut 163

73.by和with 163

74.cafeteria和canteen 163

75.can 163

76.capable和able 163

77.careful 163

78.casual 163

79.centigrade 163

80.certain与sure 163

81.chemical和chemistry 163

82.client 163

92.comparison 164

91.CD 164

85.cloth,clothes和clothing 164

86.cock 164

87.c/o 164

88.column和row 164

89.Combination 164

90.commerical 164

94.conditional 165

93.compose 165

96.conscience 166

95.conjunction 166

101.contractions 167

100.continuolls和continual 167

97.conscious 167

98.consider 167

99.contagious和infections 167

105.dare和need 168

104.cure 168

102.countable nouns和uncountable nouns 168

103.country 168

110.demand 169

109.delete 169

106.date 169

107.dead 169

108.deep和deeply 169

115.do 170

114.discourse maker 170

111.depth 170

112.desert 170

113.die 170

118.down和up 171

117.dollar 171

116.doctor 171

121.elder和older 172

120.each 172

119.during 172

124.else 173

123.ellipsis 173

122.electric和electrical 173

129.enter 174

128.enough 174

125.emigrate和migrate 174

126.employer和employee 174

127.English 174

136.even 175

135.ethic和ethics 175

130.envious和enviable 175

131.equipment 175

132.error和mistake 175

133.escape 175

134.especially和specially 175

138.every 176

137.ever 176

142.expect,hope,look 177

141.excuse me,pardon及sorry 177

139.exam和examination 177

140 exclamation 177

148.fit和suit 178

147.film 178

143.explain 178

144.fairly,quite,rather,pretty和very 178

145.fare和free 178

146.few和little 178

153.girl和boy 179

152.gas和petrol 179

149.fixed pairs 179

150.football 179

151.future tense 179

155.get 180

154.gender 180

159.hair 181

158.habit和custom 181

156.go 181

157.group of things and people 181

164.have 182

163.harmful 182

160.half和halfof 182

161.happen,occur和take place 182

162.hard和hardly 182

165.hire,rent和let 183

170.if 184

169.how 184

166.historic和historcal 184

167.holiday 184

168.hope 184

174.in和into 185

173.imperative 185

171.ill和sick 185

172.illness和disease 185

176.infinitive 186

175.include 186

178 inversion 188

177.-ing 188

180.it 191

179.irregular verbs 191

184.lack 192

183.kind 192

181.its和it's 192

182.journey,trip travel,voyage和tour 192

188.词尾-ly 193

187.long 193

185.last和the last 193

186.let's 193

192.meals 194

191.me 194

189.may和might 194

190.maybe和may be 194

194.measurments 195

193.mean 195

195.mistake和fault 196

201.must 197

200.much 197

196.mdifiers 197

197.more和moreof 197

198.most和most of 197

199.most 197

203.nationality words 198

202.name 198

207.next和the next 199

206.never 199

204.necessary 199

205.need 199

210.no?s 200

209.not only 200

208.ro 200

212.occasion 202

211.number 202

216.on 203

215.old 203

213.of 203

214.officer和official 203

221.over 204

220.other 204

217.one 204

218.open 204

219.or 204

227.permission 205

226.past 205

222.own 205

223.paper 205

224.part of和a part of 205

225.the Passive 205

229.pieces and amounts 206

228.phrasal verbs 206

230.plural forms of nouns 207

234.present 208

233.pratice和practise 208

231.politics 208

232.post和mail 208

236.punctuation 209

235.pronoun 209

237.question mark 210

239.rather 211

238.question tags 211

240.relative clause 212

241.reporting 214

244.'s 216

243.result 216

242.request,order in struetion 216

249.should like和would like 217

248.should 217

245.sale 217

246.search和search for 217

247.shall和will 217

252.Subordinate Clauses 218

251.Split Infintives 218

250.so 218

254.Tense 220

253.suggestion 220

257.to 221

256.Thanking Someone 221

255.than 221

259.“to”-infinitive clauses 222

258.toilet 222

260.Verbs 223

261.warning 225

266.when 226

265.what 226

262.way 226

263.week 226

264.welcome 226

267.whether和if 227

一、名词的种类 228

第一部分 名词 228

实用语法篇 228

二、名词的数 229

三、名词的所有格 232

四、名词的作用 235

一、冠词的种类 238

第二部分 冠词 238

二、冠词的用法 239

三、不用冠词的场合 241

四、冠词的位置 242

五、有与无定冠词的区别 243

六、表语名词前的冠词用法 244

一、人称代词 246

第三部分 代词 246

二、物主代词 247

三、反身代词 248

四、指示代词 250

五、不定代词 251

第四部分 数词 260

一、数词的种类 260

二、数词在句中的作用 261

三、基数词和序数词的其他用法 261

四、表示不定数量的常用词与词组 262

第五部分 形容词和副词 264

一、形容词 264

(一)形容词的用法 264

(二)形容词的位置 264

(三)以a—开头的形容词 的用法 266

二、副词 269

(一)副词的用法 270

(二)副词的构成 270

(四)副词的位置 271

(三)副词的种类 271

三、形容词和副词的比较等级 272

四、没有比较级最高级的形容词、副词 275

五、合成形容词的构成 278

二、介词短语及其用法 279

一、介词的种类 279

三、常用介词的主要用法举例 279

第六部分 介词 279

四、易错、常考的介词和介词搭配 292

一、动词的基本形式 295

二、动词的时态 295

第七部分 动词 295

(一)一般现在时 296

(二)一般过去时 297

(三)一般将来时 298

(四)过去将来时 300

(五)现在进行时 300

(六)过去进行时 301

(七)现在完成时 302

(八)现在完成进行时 304

(九)过去完成时 305

(一)语态的基本概念 306

(二)被动语态的基本概念及构成形式 306

三、动词的语态 306

的相互变化关系 307

(四)被动语态的用法 307

(三)主动语态和被动语态 307

(五)使用被动语态时注意的几个问题 308

(六)被动语态和“连系动词to be+表语(过去分词)”的区别 309

(七)不能变被动语态的句子 309

四、动词的语气 311

(一)语气的种类 311

(二)虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 312

(三)虚拟语气的其他用法 314

五、情态动词 318

六、非限定动词(动词的非谓语形式) 326

(一)动词不定式 326

(二)动名词 332

(三)分词 336

第八部分 句子分类 341

一、独立主格结构 341

二、祈使句 343

三、感叹句 344

四、there be结构 345

第九部分 复合句 347

一、主语从句 347

二、表语从句 348

三、宾语从句 348

四、同痊语从句 350

五、定语从句 350

六、状语从句 357

第十部分 其它专项知识 371

一、主谓一致 371

二、强调形式 376

三、关于否定现象 379

四、倒装结构 381

五、反意问句 384

一、阅读理解能力测试的主要要求 388

第一部分 怎样做阅读理解题 388

二、阅读理解题的考察内容 388

篇首导语 388

阅读理解篇 388

三、阅读理解测试要点及应试策略 389

第二部分 词义涉猎的技巧 394

一、怎样根据构词知识判断词义 394

二、怎样根据语境判断词义 397

三、怎样判断同形近义词与同形异义词的词义 398

四、怎样判断惯用语的意义 398

第三部分 句义理解的技巧 399

一、难句理解技巧 399

二、注意句义理解的若干语言 400

现象 400

三、如何判断一句多义 405

四、句子复述和推论 406

第四部分 文章的阅读与理解 407

一、段落的阅读与理解 407

二、怎样作判断、推论和结论 417

三、全文的阅读与理解 421

第五部分 NMET阅读理解(A)题的类型、拟题手段及解题技巧一、NMET阅读理解(A)题的类型特点 425

二、NMET阅读理解(A)题的问题类型及拟题手段 426

三、NMET阅读理解(A)题的解题技巧 429

一、如何限题和写提纲 432

第一部分 怎样做《书面表达》题 432

二、如何开端和结尾 432

篇首导语 432

书面表达篇 432

三、如何才能答好高考“书面表达”题 433

第二部分 各种文体写作 434

一、记叙文(Naration) 434

二、说明文(Exposition) 438

三、应用文(Practical English) 440

(一)书信 440

(二)通知 447

(三)日记 451

四、看图写短文(Write About Pictures) 453