Part 1 Introduction 2
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 2
1.1 What is a computer 2
1.2 The Five Generations of Computers 3
1.2.1 First Generation Computers(1940—1956) 4
1.2.2 Second Generation Computers(1956—1963) 4
1.2.3 Third Generation Computers(1964—1971) 4
1.2.4 Fourth Generation Computers(1971—Present) 4
1.2.5 Fifth Generation Computers(Present and Beyond) 5
Keywords 5
Exercise 6
Additional Reading 7
Text Translation 9
Part 2 Hardwares 14
Chapter 2 Storage Devices 14
2.1 Introduction to Storage 14
2.2 Storage Devices Types 14
2.2.1 Hard Disks 15
2.2.2 Floppy Disks 15
2.2.3 How Hard and Floppy Disks Work 15
2.2.4 Compact Disks 16
2.2.5 Uses of Floppy Disks 16
2.2.6 Uses of Compact Disks 16
2.3 How Computer Memory Works 17
2.3.1 RAM 17
2.3.2 ROM 18
2.3.3 Cache 19
2.3.4 Flash Memory 20
Keywords 20
Exercise 21
Additional Reading 22
Text Translation 22
Chapter 3 Microprocessors 27
3.1 Microprocessor History 27
3.2 Microprocessor Progression 28
3.3 Inside Microprocessor 29
3.4 Microprocessor Instructions 31
3.5 Decoding Microprocessor Instructions 34
3.6 Microprocessor Performance 34
3.7 Microprocessor Trends 34
3.8 64-bit Processors 35
Keywords 35
Exercise 37
Additional Reading 37
Text Translation 39
Chapter 4 Input Devices 47
4.1 Computer Mouse 47
4.1.1 Evolution 47
4.1.2 The Optical Mouse 48
4.2 Keyboard 49
4.2.1 Evolution 49
4.2.2 Keyboard Type 51
Keywords 52
Exercise 53
Additional Reading 53
Text Translation 55
Chapter 5 Output Devices 59
5.1 The Basics 59
5.2 Display Technology Background 59
5.3 Display Technology:VGA 60
5.4 Display Technology:DVI 60
5.5 Viewable Area 61
5.6 Maximum Resolution and Dot Pitch 61
5.7 Refresh Rate 62
5.8 Color Depth 63
5.9 Power Consumption 63
5.10 Monitor Trends:Flat Panels 64
Keywords 64
Exercise 65
Additional Reading 65
Text Translation 70
Part 3 Softwares 76
Chapter 6 Application Software 76
6.1 What is Application Software 76
6.2 Programming Languages 76
6.2.1 Assemblers 76
6.2.2 Compilers and Interpreters 77
6.2.3 Nonprocedural Languages 77
6.3 Libraries 78
6.4 The Program Development Process 78
6.4.1 Problem Definition 79
6.4.2 Planning 79
6.4.3 Writing the Program 79
6.4.4 Debug and Documentation 80
6.4.5 Maintenance 80
6.5 Writing your Own Programs 80
Keywords 80
Exercise 81
Additional Reading 81
Text Translation 84
Chapter 7 Compiler 88
7.1 Introduction to Compiler 88
7.2 Introduction and History 88
7.3 Types of Compilers 89
7.4 Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages 90
7.5 Compiler Design 90
7.6 Compiler Front End 91
7.7 Compiler Back End 91
7.8 Notes 91
7.9 References 92
Keywords 92
Exercise 93
Additional Reading 93
Text Translation 99
Chapter 8 How Java Works 103
8.1 A Little Terminology 103
8.2 Downloading the Java Compiler 104
8.3 Your First Program 105
8.4 Understanding What Just Happened 107
Keywords 109
Exercise 110
Additional Reading 110
Text Translation 115
Chapter 9 Positioning Visual C++ in the Desktop Database Market 121
9.1 Introduction 121
9.2 Note 121
9.3 Choosing Visual C++ as Your Database Development Platform 122
Keywords 124
Exercise 124
Additional Reading 125
Text Translation 132
Part 4 Database 136
Chapter 10 Introduction to Database 136
10.1 Architecture 136
10.2 Database Management Systems 136
10.2.1 RDBMS Components 136
10.2.2 ODBMS Components 137
10.3 Models 137
10.3.1 Post-relational Database Models 137
10.3.2 Object Database Models 137
10.4 Storage Structures 138
10.5 Indexing 139
10.6 Transactions 139
10.6.1 The ACID Rules 139
10.6.2 Concurrency Control and Locking 140
10.7 Replication 141
10.8 Security 141
Keywords 141
Exercise 142
Additional Reading 142
Text Translation 146
Chapter 11 Databases 151
11.1 Operational Databage 151
11.2 Data Warebouse 151
11.3 Analytical Database 152
11.4 Distributed Database 153
11.4.1 Homogenous Distributed Database Systems 153
11.4.2 Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems 154
11.4.3 Client/Server Database Architecture 154
11.5 End-user Database 155
11.6 External Database 155
11.7 Hypermedia Databases 155
Keywords 155
Exercise 156
Additional Reading 156
Text Translation 160
Part 5 Network and Security 166
Chapter 12 Internet Infrastructure 166
12.1 A Network Example 167
12.2 Bridging the Divide 167
12.3 Backbones 167
12.4 Internet Protocol:IP Addresses ＆ Domain Name System 168
12.5 Uniform Resource Locators 169
12.6 Clients,Servers and Ports 169
Keywords 170
Exercise 171
Additional Reading 172
Text Translation 174
Chapter 13 How DSLWorks 178
13.1 Telephone Lines 178
13.2 Asymmetrical DSL 179
13.3 Distance Limitations 179
13.4 Splitting the Signal:CAP 180
13.5 Splitting the Signal:DMT 180
13.6 DSL Equipment 181
13.7 DSL Equipment:Transceiver 182
13.8 DSL Equipment:DSLAM 182
Keywords 182
Exercise 183
Additional Reading 183
Text Translation 186
Chapter 14 How Internet Search Engines Work 190
14.1 Looking at the Web 190
14.1.1 An Itsy-Bitsy Beginning 190
14.1.2 Meta Tags 192
14.2 Building the Index 192
14.3 Building a Search 194
14.4 Future Search 194
Keywords 195
Exercise 195
Additional Reading 196
Text Trannslation 200
Chapter 15 Encryption 205
15.1 In the Key of 205
15.1.1 Symmetric Key 205
15.1.2 Public Key 206
15.2 Hash This 207
15.3 Are You Authentic 207
Keywords 209
Exercise 209
Additional Reading 210
Text Translation 218
Chapter 16 Taking a Closer Look at the DCE 222
16.1 Common Theads 222
16.2 Remote Calls 223
16.3 Directory Services 223
16.4 Distributed Security Service 224
16.5 Distributed File System 224
16.6 Distributed Time Service 225
16.7 Extending and Using the DCE 225
Keywords 225
Exercise 226
Additional Reading 226
Text Tannslation 235
Part 6 AppliCations 240
Chapter 17 Artificial Intelligence 240
17.1 Overview 240
17.2 Strong AI and Weak AI 240
17.2.1 Strong Artificial Intelligence 240
17.2.2 Weak Artificial Intelligence 241
17.2.3 Philosophical Criticism and Support of Strong AI 241
17.3 History 242
17.3.1 Development of AI Theory 242
17.3.2 Experimental AI Research 243
17.4 Practical Applications of AI Techniques 244
Keywords 245
Exercise 246
Additional Reading 246
Text Translation 250
Chapter 18 Neural Network 255
18.1 Structure 255
18.1.1 Models 256
18.1.2 Calculations 256
18.2 Advantages 256
18.3 Applications 257
18.3.1 Usefulness 257
18.3.2 Real Life Applications 257
18.4 Types of Neural Networks 257
18.4.1 Single-layer Perceptron 257
18.4.2 Multi-layer Perceptron 258
18.4.3 Recurrent Network 260
18.4.4 Hopfield Network 260
18.4.5 Boltzmann Machine 260
18.4.6 Committee of Machines 260
18.4.7 Instantaneously Trained Networks 261
18.4.8 Spiking Neural Networks 261
18.5 Relation to Optimization Techniques 261
Keywords 261
Exercise 262
Additional Reading 262
Text Translation 269
Chapter 19 Shockwave 3-D Technology 275
19.1 Uses of Shockwave Technology 276
19.2 Making 3-D Content Accessible 277
19.3 Developing New 3-D Content 279
Keywords 279
Exercise 280
Additional Reading 280
Text Translation 286
Chapter 20 How PlayStation Works 289
20.1 History 289
20.2 Console 290
20.3 Controller 291
20.4 Games 293
Keywords 294
Exercise 294
Additional Reading 295
Text Translation 303
References 306