计算机英语 第2版PDF电子书下载

Part 1 Introduction 2

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 2

1.1 What is a computer 2

1.2 The Five Generations of Computers 3

1.2.1 First Generation Computers(1940—1956) 4

1.2.2 Second Generation Computers(1956—1963) 4

1.2.3 Third Generation Computers(1964—1971) 4

1.2.4 Fourth Generation Computers(1971—Present) 4

1.2.5 Fifth Generation Computers(Present and Beyond) 5

Keywords 5

Exercise 6

Additional Reading 7

Text Translation 9

Part 2 Hardwares 14

Chapter 2 Storage Devices 14

2.1 Introduction to Storage 14

2.2 Storage Devices Types 14

2.2.1 Hard Disks 15

2.2.2 Floppy Disks 15

2.2.3 How Hard and Floppy Disks Work 15

2.2.4 Compact Disks 16

2.2.5 Uses of Floppy Disks 16

2.2.6 Uses of Compact Disks 16

2.3 How Computer Memory Works 17

2.3.1 RAM 17

2.3.2 ROM 18

2.3.3 Cache 19

2.3.4 Flash Memory 20

Keywords 20

Exercise 21

Additional Reading 22

Text Translation 22

Chapter 3 Microprocessors 27

3.1 Microprocessor History 27

3.2 Microprocessor Progression 28

3.3 Inside Microprocessor 29

3.4 Microprocessor Instructions 31

3.5 Decoding Microprocessor Instructions 34

3.6 Microprocessor Performance 34

3.7 Microprocessor Trends 34

3.8 64-bit Processors 35

Keywords 35

Exercise 37

Additional Reading 37

Text Translation 39

Chapter 4 Input Devices 47

4.1 Computer Mouse 47

4.1.1 Evolution 47

4.1.2 The Optical Mouse 48

4.2 Keyboard 49

4.2.1 Evolution 49

4.2.2 Keyboard Type 51

Keywords 52

Exercise 53

Additional Reading 53

Text Translation 55

Chapter 5 Output Devices 59

5.1 The Basics 59

5.2 Display Technology Background 59

5.3 Display Technology:VGA 60

5.4 Display Technology:DVI 60

5.5 Viewable Area 61

5.6 Maximum Resolution and Dot Pitch 61

5.7 Refresh Rate 62

5.8 Color Depth 63

5.9 Power Consumption 63

5.10 Monitor Trends:Flat Panels 64

Keywords 64

Exercise 65

Additional Reading 65

Text Translation 70

Part 3 Softwares 76

Chapter 6 Application Software 76

6.1 What is Application Software 76

6.2 Programming Languages 76

6.2.1 Assemblers 76

6.2.2 Compilers and Interpreters 77

6.2.3 Nonprocedural Languages 77

6.3 Libraries 78

6.4 The Program Development Process 78

6.4.1 Problem Definition 79

6.4.2 Planning 79

6.4.3 Writing the Program 79

6.4.4 Debug and Documentation 80

6.4.5 Maintenance 80

6.5 Writing your Own Programs 80

Keywords 80

Exercise 81

Additional Reading 81

Text Translation 84

Chapter 7 Compiler 88

7.1 Introduction to Compiler 88

7.2 Introduction and History 88

7.3 Types of Compilers 89

7.4 Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages 90

7.5 Compiler Design 90

7.6 Compiler Front End 91

7.7 Compiler Back End 91

7.8 Notes 91

7.9 References 92

Keywords 92

Exercise 93

Additional Reading 93

Text Translation 99

Chapter 8 How Java Works 103

8.1 A Little Terminology 103

8.2 Downloading the Java Compiler 104

8.3 Your First Program 105

8.4 Understanding What Just Happened 107

Keywords 109

Exercise 110

Additional Reading 110

Text Translation 115

Chapter 9 Positioning Visual C++ in the Desktop Database Market 121

9.1 Introduction 121

9.2 Note 121

9.3 Choosing Visual C++ as Your Database Development Platform 122

Keywords 124

Exercise 124

Additional Reading 125

Text Translation 132

Part 4 Database 136

Chapter 10 Introduction to Database 136

10.1 Architecture 136

10.2 Database Management Systems 136

10.2.1 RDBMS Components 136

10.2.2 ODBMS Components 137

10.3 Models 137

10.3.1 Post-relational Database Models 137

10.3.2 Object Database Models 137

10.4 Storage Structures 138

10.5 Indexing 139

10.6 Transactions 139

10.6.1 The ACID Rules 139

10.6.2 Concurrency Control and Locking 140

10.7 Replication 141

10.8 Security 141

Keywords 141

Exercise 142

Additional Reading 142

Text Translation 146

Chapter 11 Databases 151

11.1 Operational Databage 151

11.2 Data Warebouse 151

11.3 Analytical Database 152

11.4 Distributed Database 153

11.4.1 Homogenous Distributed Database Systems 153

11.4.2 Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems 154

11.4.3 Client/Server Database Architecture 154

11.5 End-user Database 155

11.6 External Database 155

11.7 Hypermedia Databases 155

Keywords 155

Exercise 156

Additional Reading 156

Text Translation 160

Part 5 Network and Security 166

Chapter 12 Internet Infrastructure 166

12.1 A Network Example 167

12.2 Bridging the Divide 167

12.3 Backbones 167

12.4 Internet Protocol:IP Addresses ＆ Domain Name System 168

12.5 Uniform Resource Locators 169

12.6 Clients,Servers and Ports 169

Keywords 170

Exercise 171

Additional Reading 172

Text Translation 174

Chapter 13 How DSLWorks 178

13.1 Telephone Lines 178

13.2 Asymmetrical DSL 179

13.3 Distance Limitations 179

13.4 Splitting the Signal:CAP 180

13.5 Splitting the Signal:DMT 180

13.6 DSL Equipment 181

13.7 DSL Equipment:Transceiver 182

13.8 DSL Equipment:DSLAM 182

Keywords 182

Exercise 183

Additional Reading 183

Text Translation 186

Chapter 14 How Internet Search Engines Work 190

14.1 Looking at the Web 190

14.1.1 An Itsy-Bitsy Beginning 190

14.1.2 Meta Tags 192

14.2 Building the Index 192

14.3 Building a Search 194

14.4 Future Search 194

Keywords 195

Exercise 195

Additional Reading 196

Text Trannslation 200

Chapter 15 Encryption 205

15.1 In the Key of 205

15.1.1 Symmetric Key 205

15.1.2 Public Key 206

15.2 Hash This 207

15.3 Are You Authentic 207

Keywords 209

Exercise 209

Additional Reading 210

Text Translation 218

Chapter 16 Taking a Closer Look at the DCE 222

16.1 Common Theads 222

16.2 Remote Calls 223

16.3 Directory Services 223

16.4 Distributed Security Service 224

16.5 Distributed File System 224

16.6 Distributed Time Service 225

16.7 Extending and Using the DCE 225

Keywords 225

Exercise 226

Additional Reading 226

Text Tannslation 235

Part 6 AppliCations 240

Chapter 17 Artificial Intelligence 240

17.1 Overview 240

17.2 Strong AI and Weak AI 240

17.2.1 Strong Artificial Intelligence 240

17.2.2 Weak Artificial Intelligence 241

17.2.3 Philosophical Criticism and Support of Strong AI 241

17.3 History 242

17.3.1 Development of AI Theory 242

17.3.2 Experimental AI Research 243

17.4 Practical Applications of AI Techniques 244

Keywords 245

Exercise 246

Additional Reading 246

Text Translation 250

Chapter 18 Neural Network 255

18.1 Structure 255

18.1.1 Models 256

18.1.2 Calculations 256

18.2 Advantages 256

18.3 Applications 257

18.3.1 Usefulness 257

18.3.2 Real Life Applications 257

18.4 Types of Neural Networks 257

18.4.1 Single-layer Perceptron 257

18.4.2 Multi-layer Perceptron 258

18.4.3 Recurrent Network 260

18.4.4 Hopfield Network 260

18.4.5 Boltzmann Machine 260

18.4.6 Committee of Machines 260

18.4.7 Instantaneously Trained Networks 261

18.4.8 Spiking Neural Networks 261

18.5 Relation to Optimization Techniques 261

Keywords 261

Exercise 262

Additional Reading 262

Text Translation 269

Chapter 19 Shockwave 3-D Technology 275

19.1 Uses of Shockwave Technology 276

19.2 Making 3-D Content Accessible 277

19.3 Developing New 3-D Content 279

Keywords 279

Exercise 280

Additional Reading 280

Text Translation 286

Chapter 20 How PlayStation Works 289

20.1 History 289

20.2 Console 290

20.3 Controller 291

20.4 Games 293

Keywords 294

Exercise 294

Additional Reading 295

Text Translation 303

References 306