CONTENTS第1章 英语演讲艺术：开篇 PUBLIC SPEAKING IN ENGLISH:AN IN-TRODUCTION 1
1.1 公共演讲与社会发展 Public Speaking and Society 3
1.2 英语演讲环境的三要素 Principles of English Public Speaking 6
1.3 成功英语演讲的标准 Criteria for Successful English Pub-lic Speaking 6
内容标准 Content Judgment 6
艺术标准 Artistic Judgment 7
语言标准 Language Judgment 8
道德标准 Ethical Judgment 9
1.4 演讲评比 Contest Judgment 10
1.5 英语演讲的种类 Types of Speech 11
1.6 如何提高英语演讲能力 Strategies for Improving English Public Speaking Abilities 11
认识英语演讲的要素 Understand the Rhetorical Con-text 12
多读、多听、多看、多思 Read,Listen,Watch,Think 12
实践、实践、再实践 Practice,Practice,Practice 13
战胜恐惧、战胜自我 Overcome Fear of Public Speaking 13
第2章 分析演讲的修辞环境 ANALYZING THE RHETORICAL CONTEXT 22
2.1 题目 Subject 23
演讲者与听众的社会关系 Speaker/Audience Social Re-lations 24
2.2 听众 Audience 24
听众对题目的兴趣、熟悉和了解程度 Audience's Knowl-edge About The Subject 25
听众对题目以及演讲者论点的态度 Audience's Attitudes to the Subject 26
2.3 目的与角色 Purpose and Role 30
2.4 其他因素 Other Factors 31
第3章 搜集、研究资料 GATHERING MATERIAL AND GENERAT-ING IDEAS 34
3.1 演讲资料 Kinds of Material 35
事例 Examples 35
叙事 Narratives 35
证词 Testimonies 36
事实和数据 Facts and Statistics 37
3.2 挖掘已有知识和阅历 Tapping Your Own Knowledge and Experience 38
自由写作法 Freewriting 38
激发思维法 Brainstorming 39
树枝分杈法 Branching 39
魔方六边法 Cubing 39
五个W／新闻公式法 Journalistic Formula 40
戏剧法 Dramatizing 41
3.3 调查研究 Gathering Material Through Research 43
实地研究 Field Research 44
图书馆研究Library Research 47
3.4 使用研究材料 Using Sources Judiciously 51
相关性 Relevancy 52
客观性 Objectivity 52
可信性 Credibility 53
代表性 Representativeness 53
翔实性 Sufficiency 54
第4章 讲稿的撰写 WRITING THE SPEECH 55
创造 Inventing 56
4.1 英语讲稿写作的一般要素 General Principles of Writing in English 56
构思 Planning and Organizing 57
起稿 Drafting 57
修改 Revising 57
校读 Editing and Proofreading 58
4.2 谋篇布局 Effective Planning and Organizing 58
时间原则与时间顺序结构 Chronological Order 60
空间原则与空间顺序结构 Spatial Order 61
逻辑原则 Organizing by Logic 62
引出题目和主旨 Introducing Topic and PurPose 71
预示要点 Previewing Main Points 71
4.3 讲稿的开首 Effective Introductions 71
吸引听众注意 Gaining Audience's Attention 72
4.4 讲稿的结尾 Effective Conclusions 79
结尾的作用 Functions of Conclusions 79
结尾的方法 Strategies for Effective Memorable Con-clusions 81
第5章 讲稿的语言特色 USING LANGUAGE EFFECTIVELY 84
5.1 句式 Sentence or Syntax 85
四个基本句式 Four Basic Sentence Types 85
句式变化 Sentence Variety and Maturity 87
其他句型 Other Syntactical Patterns 89
5.2 词汇 Diction 92
词汇要求 Effective Diction 92
词汇的层次 Levels of Diction 93
5.3 修辞格 Figurative Use of Language 102
诉诸听众的感官和想像力 Appealing to Audience's Senses or Imagination 103
明喻 Simile 103
暗喻 Metaphor 103
夸张 Overstatement/Hyperbole 104
轻描淡写 Understatement 104
第6章 成功演讲的方法和技巧 DELIVERING A SPEECH EFFECTIVELY 105
6.1 成功演讲的要素 Qualities of Effective Delivery 106
语言流畅 Fluent 107
大方自然 Natural 107
满腔热情 Enthusiastic 107
充满信心 Confident 107
直面听众 Direct 107
6.2 演讲的方法 Methods of Delivery 108
照稿宣读 Speaking from Manuscript 108
背诵演讲 Speaking from Memory 108
有备即席演讲 Speaking Extemporaneously 109
即兴演讲 Speaking Impromptu 109
6.3 声调因素 Vocal Factors in Delivery 110
发音发声 Pronunciation/Articulation 111
音量 Volume 112
音高和语调 Pitch/Intonation 112
速度 Rate 113
停顿 Pauses 114
变化有致 Vocal Variety 114
麦克风与声音效果 Microphone and Vocal Effectiveness 115
6.4 体态语因素 Nonverbal Factors in Delivery 115
体态语的作用 Functions of Nonverbal Factors 116
体态语的把握 Use of Body Language 117
体态语与跨文化交流 Cross-Cultural Perspective 120
6.5 练习和彩排 Practice and Rehearsal 120
紧扣主题和要点 Focus on the Message 121
借助录音机和／或摄像机 Practice with Tape Recorder/Camcorder 121
“实地”练习 Practice Under Realistic Conditions 121
把握演讲的时间 Time the Speech 122
第7章 说明性演讲 SPEAKING INFORMATIVELY 124
听众 Audience 125
题目 Subject 125
7.1 说明性演讲要素 Principles of Informative Speeches 125
目的 Purpose 126
7.2 说明性演讲的种类 Types of Informative Speeches 126
说明事物 Speeches About Objects 127
说明程序 Speeches About Processes 128
说明事情 Speeches About Events 130
说明概念 Speeches About Concepts 133
说明问题 Speeches About Issues 136
7.3 说明性演讲的注意事项 Tips for Successful Informative Speeches 142
第8章 说服性演讲 SPEAKING PERSUASIVELY 145
8.1 理性诉诸、感性诉诸和伦理诉诸 Logical,Emotional,and Ethical Appeals 146
理性诉诸 Logical Appeal 146
感性诉诸 Emotional Appeal 147
伦理诉诸 Ethical Appeal 147
8.2 门罗五步法 Monroe's Motivated Sequence 148
吸引注意 Attention 149
讲明需要 Need 149
满足措施 Satisfaction 150
展望前景 Visualization 151
呼唤行动 Action 152
8.3 说服性演讲的种类 Kinds of Persuasive Speeches 153
强化听众已有的态度、价值观和行为 To Reinforce Audience's Existing Attitudes,Beliefs,and/or Behavior 154
影响听众的态度、价值观和认识 To Influence Audience's Attitudes,Beliefs,and/or Understanding 155
影响听众的行为 To Influence Audience's Behavior 157
8.4 论辩：声称、证据、依据 Argument:Claim,Evidence,Warrants 158
声称 Claim 160
证据 Evidence 162
依据 Warrants 162
第9章 特殊场合的英语演讲 SPEAKING AT SPECIALPUBLIC SITUATIONS 166
介绍 Speeches of Introduction 167
9.1 特殊场合的演讲 Special Occasion Speeches 167
受奖 Speeches of Acceptance 170
授奖 Speeches of Presentation 173
“揉撕”和“吐司” Roasts and Toasts 176
颂文、悼词等 Eulogies and Other Tributes 178
9.2 专题讨论会、座谈会、听众问答 Pancls/Symposiums/Q A 180
专题讨论会 Panels 180
座谈会S ymposiums 181
听众问答 Q A:Questions and Answers 181
1．美国大学生演讲 Speeches by American College Students 187
附录一 英语演讲范例 SAMPLE SPEECHES 187
2．受奖与授奖演讲 Speeches of Presentation and Acceptance 208
3．奥斯卡金奖获得者受奖演讲节选 Academy Awards Accept-ance Speeches 220
4．毕业典礼演讲 Commencement Speeches 222
5．颂文、悼词等 Eulogies and Other Tributes 235
6．祝词等 Toasts 254
7．其他演讲 Other Speeches 256
附录二 名人名言选 QUOTABLE QUOTES 263
参考文献 WORKS CITED 277