1.Intriduction 1
1.1The social and hstorical basis for sociolinguistics 1
1.2 The intellectual orgins of sociolinguistics 3
1.3 The scope of sociolinguistics 5
2.Language and Dialect 11
2.1 Mutual intelligibility 11
2.2Regional dialects 13
2.3Social dialects 15
2.4Dialect and accent 17
2.5Other relevant terminoligy 18
3.Social Dialect 22
3.1Free varition 22
3.2New York City :Labov 24
3.3Norwich:Trudgill 33
4.Variable Rules and Implicational Scailes 37
4.1Variable rules 37
4.2Implication scale anlysis 41
4.3Some criticisms of both approaches 45
5.Multilingualism 48
5.1Multiaingual society:China 48
5.2Sociolinguistic profile and communicability 50
5.3Diglossia 55
5.4A tentative description of diglossia in China 64
6.Code-Switching 67
6.1Code and code-switching 67
6.2Corelationaland interactional theories 69
6.3Two methodologies 78
6.4Some modets of code-switching 79
6.5Function of and syntactic constraints on cose-switching 83
7.Language Development 90
7.1Features of language development 90
7.2Borrowing 95
8.Pidgin and Creole Languages 103
8.1Distribution and description 104
8.2Theories of origin 110
9.Ethnography of Speaking 115
9.1Descripive analysis of speaking 116
9.2Acquisition of communicative competence 121
10.1Types of speech acts and classes of illocutionary acts 125
10.Speech Acts and the Cooperative Ptinciple 125
10.2Interpretive rules 127
10.3Conversational maxims 131
11.Conversational Structur and Stratrgies 136
11.1Discourse structure 137
11.2Discourse strategies 147
12.Attitudes to Language 152
12.1The social nature of ianguage evaluation 153
12.2Meth of language attitudes research 157
12.3Some findings of language attitude studeis 160
13.Language Planning 168
13.1Sine basic issues 168
13.2Language planning cases 172