一、绪言 1
二、叶肢介的构造 7
（一）软体构造 7
（二）壳瓣特征 10
1．成分和结构 10
2．定向 11
3．形状和大小 11
5．壳腺 12
4．初壳（或胎壳） 12
6．生长线和生长带 13
7．装饰或纹饰 17
8．放射脊和其它构造 22
9．二态现象 23
10．受伤与修补 25
11．叶肢介化石与瓣鳃类化石的区别 26
三、叶肢介的个体发育 27
四、叶肢介的生态和古生态 31
五、叶肢介的分布 35
六、叶肢介化石的采集及处理 38
七、叶肢介的系统分类 40
（一）现生介甲类的分类 40
（二）叶肢介化石的分类 47
1．分类原则 48
2．分类系统 50
Paleolynceus Tasch,1956（＝Lynceoides Kobayashi,1973） 59
Family Paleolynccidae Tasch,1956 59
Superfamily Paleolyneeioidea Tasch,1956 59
Suborder Laevicaudata Linder,1945 59
Order Conchostraca Sars,1867 59
八、叶肢介的属征记述 59
Suborder Estheritiina Kobayashi,1973 60
Superfamily Lioestheriacea Raymond,1946,emend Holub et Kozur,1981 60
Family Palacolimnadiidae Tasch,1956 60
Palaeolimnadia Raymond,1946（＝Kontikia Novojilov,1958;Grandilimnadia Tasch,1979） 60
Pseudolimnadia Novojilov,1954（＝Trigolimnadia Novo-jilov,1954;Leptolimnadia Novojilov,1954） 61
Dictyolimnadia Shen,1976 62
Echinolimnadia Novojilov,1965 63
Bulbilimnadia Shen,1976 63
Jibeilimnadia Wang,1981 64
Asmussiella Novojilov,1955 65
Limnestheria Wright,1920 65
Cyclotuguzites Novojilov,1958（＝Ragozinia Novojilov,1958） 66
Wetlugites Novojilov,1958 67
Bilimnadia Novojilov,1960 68
Vileginia Novojilov,1958（＝Diaphora Novojilov,1946;non Diaphora Stephens,1828,Macquart 1834,L？w1878） 68
Notocrypta Novojilov,1954 69
Tigjanium Novojilov,1958 69
Sedovia Novojilov,1958 69
Palaeoestheria Barnard,1929 70
Liolimnadia Wang,1980 71
Family Palaeolimnadiopseidae Defretin,1965 71
Subfamily Palaeolimnadiopseinae Defretin,1965 71
Palaeolimnadiopsis Raymond,1946 71
Rossolimnadiopsis Novojilov,1958 72
Koreolimnadiopsis Ozaki,1970 73
Beigolimnadiopsis Novojilov,1958 73
Estheridium Novojilov,1958 74
Macrolimnadiopsis Beurlen,1954 74
Sajania Novojilov,1958 75
Mesolimuadiopsis Zhang et Chen,1976 76
Asiolimnadiopsis Liu,1982（＝Guangdong limnadiopsis Liu,1982;Biglimnadiopsis Liu,1982） 76
Neimongolimnadiopsis Liu,1982 77
Eosolimnadiopsis Chen,1976（＝Fuxianlimnadiopsis Liu,1982） 77
Anomalonema Raymond,1946（＝Pierrepruvostia Npvojilov,1958） 78
Subfamily Anomalonematinac.Novojilov,1958 78
Sinolimnadiopsis Wang,1980 78
Family Sinoestherüdae Chen et Shen,1982 80
Sinoesitheria Chang,1957 80
Ganesiheria Bi et Xie,1982 81
Sentestheria Wang,1981 81
Stanleyviella Chen et Shen（gen.nov.） 81
Family Ipsilomiidae Novojilov,1958 82
Ipsilonia Novojilov,1953 82
Keratestheria Chernyshev,1948 83
Qingxiestheria Xi,1981 84
Aculestheria Casdos？,1963 84
Family Lioestherüdae Raymon,1946,emend Holub et Kozur,1981 85
Subfamily Vertexiinae Kobayashi,1954 85
Veriexia Lutkevich,1941 85
Cornia Lutkevich,1937（＝Cechrositum Novojilov,1970） 85
Antisirephorhynchus Novojilov,1970 86
Echinesiherie Marliere,1950 86
Echinopalma Casdosa,1968 87
Gabonetthtria Novojilov,1958 87
Bipemphigus Novojilov,1965 88
Tripemphigus Novojilov,1965 89
Pemphicyclus Raymond,1946（＝Monopemphigus Novoji-lov,1965） 89
Megusitum Novojilov,1970 90
Trisitam Novojilov,1970 90
Pemphilimnadiopsis Tasch,1961 91
Huanghestheria Wang,1980 92
Lioesiheria Depetet et Mazetan,1912 emend Kozur,Martens et Pacaud,1981 92
Protomonocarina Tasch,1962 93
Xiangxiella Shen,1976 93
Sttbfamity Xiangxiellinae Shen,1976 93
Curvacornutus Tasch,1961 94
Family Molinestheriidae Kozur,1980 95
Molinestheria seideli Kozur,1980 95
Family Perilimnadiidae Chang et Chen,1975 95
Perilimnadia Chen,1975 95
Yunmenglimnadia Chen,1975 95
Mesolimnadia Chen,1975 96
Eolimnadia Chen,1975 96
Falsisca Novojilov,1970 97
GansulimnadiaShen et Chen,1982 98
Superfamily Eosestherioidea zhang et Chen,1976 98
Family Ultgkemiidae Novojilov,1958 98
Ulugkemiu（s.str.）Novojilov,1955 98
Tjulbaria Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 98
Eiegestia Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 99
Vjatkium Novojilov,1959 99
Dneprium Novojilov,1961 99
Glyptoasmussia Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 100
Famly Euestheriidae Defretin,1965 100
Euestheria Deperet et Mazeran,1912（＝Tirlingin Duan,1982） 100
Loxomicroglypta Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 101
Indoestheria Novojilov,1954 101
Estheriina Jones,1897 102
Polygrapta Novojilov,1946 102
Tenuestheria Chen et Shen,1977 103
Family Loxomegaglyptidae Novejilov,1958 103
Loxomegaglypta Novojilov,1958（＝Beipiaoestheria W.Wang,1980） 103
Paleoleptestheria Novojilov,1954 104
Tshtuvashium Novojilov,1953 104
Diaplexa Novojilov,1946 105
Paraleptestheria Chen,1976 106
Anyuanestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 106
Shipingia Shen,1976 107
Pseudestherites Chen,1976 107
Nestoria Krasinetz,1962（＝Ambonella Wang,1981） 108
Pseudograpta Novojilov,1954（emend）（＝Diplograpta W.Wang,1980） 109
Orthothemos Raymond,1946 110
Family Orthothemosiidae Defretin,1965 110
Defretinia Novojilov,1958 110
Palaeorihothemos Novojilov,1958 111
Sphaerorthothemos Novojilov,1960 111
Family,Aquilonoglyptidae Novojilov,1958 112
Aquilonoglypta Novojilov,1958 112
Family Eosestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Asioestheriidae W.Wang,1976;Diformograptiidae W.Wang,1976） 113
Eosestheria Chen,1976（＝Liaoningesiheria Chen,1976;Asioestheria W.Wang,1976;Amelestheria W.Wang,1976;Diformograpta W.Wang,1976;Dongbeiestheria W.Wang,1980;Longjiangestheria W.Wang,1980） 113
Yumenestheria Shen et Chen,1982 114
Yanjiestheria Chen,1976（＝Leuroestheria W.Wang,1976; Chifengestheria W.Wang,1980;Yanshania Wang,1981） 114
Allestheria Shen et Chen,1982 115
Abrestheria Wang,1981 115
Guiestheria Shen,1982 116
Shouchangestheria Chen et Shen,1982 117
Turfanograpta Novojilov,1958 117
Family Diestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976 118
Diestheria Chen,1976（＝Neimongolestheria W.Wang,1976;Filigrapta W.Wang,1980;Plocestheria W.Wang,1980;Zhaomengestheria W.Wang,1980） 118
Neodiestheria Chen,1976 118
Asmussia Pacht,1849（＝Levenkia Novojilov,1955） 119
Family Asmussiidae Kobayashi,1954 119
Diestherites Zhang et Chen,1976 119
Superfamily Estheriteoidea Zhang et Chen,1976 119
Rohdendorfium Novojilov,1955 120
Torgalykia Novojilov,1955 120
Sphenograpia Novojilov,1961 120
Family Fushunograptidae Wang,1974（＝Orthestheriidae Chang et Chen,1975;Tenuostracidae N.Chen,1976） 121
Orthestheria Chen,1976 121
Orthestheriopsis Chen,1976 122
Cratostracus Huang,1976（＝Clathrostracus N.Chen,1976;Tenuostracus N.Chen,1976;Hemitenuostracus N.Chen,1976） 122
Ellipsograpta Chang,1957 123
Howellites Bock,1953（Estheriellites Bock,1953） 124
Fushunograpta Wang,1974（＝Curvestheria Chen,1975） 124
Altaestheria Trussova,1976 125
Deltostracus Chang et Chen,1964 125
Rhombograpta Novojilov,1954 126
Liograpta Novojilov,1954 126
Pteriograpta Novojilov,1954 127
Loxopolygrapta Novojilov,1958 127
Eremograpta Novojilov,1960（＝Cyelograpta Novojilov,1954） 128
Sphaerograpta Novojilov,1958 128
Innoeentium Novojilov,1962 129
Daxingestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 130
Family Jitinestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976 130
Nemestheria Chang et Chen,1964 130
Jilinestheria Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Tramostraeus N.Chen,1976） 131
Plectestheria Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Virgulostracus N.Chen,1976;Filarisestheria N.Chen,1976 past） 132
Dietyestheria Chang et Chen,1964 132
Brachygrapta Novojilov,1954,emend Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Euestheriopsis W.Wang,1980） 133
Halysestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 133
Family Halysestheriidae Zhang et Chen,1976 133
Tylestheria Zhang et Chen,1976 134
Aglestheria Chen,1976 136
Pseutocyclograpta Chang,1957 136
Family Estheriteidae Zhang et Chen,1976 137
Estherites Kobayashi et Huzita,1943 137
E.（Euestherites）Zhang et Chen,1976 137
Calestherites Zhang et Chen,1976 138
E.（Parestherites）Zhang et Chen,1976 138
Fuyuestherta Zhang et Chen,1976 138
Family Dimorphostracidae Chang et Chen,1964 140
Dimorphostracus Chang et Chen,1964 140
Glyptostracus Chang et Chen,1964 141
Aploglyptus Zhang et Chen,1976（＝Haplograpta N.Chen,1976） 142
Superfamily Afrograptioidea Novojilov,1957 142
Family Afrograptidae Novojilov,1957 142
Afrograpta Novojilov,1957 142
Nigerestheria Chen,1976 143
Camerunograpta Novojilov,1957（＝Graptoestheriella Cardoso,1965） 143
Congestheriella Kobayashi,1954 145
Congestheriopsis Chen et Shen,1982 145
Australestheria Chen,1976 146
Migransia Chen et Shen,1977 146
Zhestheria Chen et Shen,1977 147
Cixiella Chen et Shen,1979 148
Feiyunella Chen et Shen,1982 148
Xibeiestheria Wang,1982 149
Linhaiella Chet et Shen,1982 149
Nanhaiestheria Shen et X.Zhang,1979 150
porostracus N.Chen,1976 150
Superfamily Leaioidea Raymond,1946 150
Family Monoleiolophidae Novojilov,1954 150
Monoleiolophus Raymond,1946（＝Monoleaia Tasch,1956;Inkus Novojilov,1956;Jaxartus Novojilov,1954；Ferna-doalmeidium Novojilov,1968;Uniearinatut Cardosa,1965） 150
Massagetes Novojilov,1954 151
Peischoria Zaspelova,1962 152
Family Leaiidae Raymond,1946 152
Subfamily Leaiinae Raymond,1946 152
Leaia Jones,1862（＝Leainella Novojilov,1952） 152
Hemicycloleaia Raymond,1946（＝Brachiorthynchia No-vojilov,1956; Austroleaia Novojilov,1954;Dolicholeaia Novojilov,1952;Eoleaia Kobayashi,1954;Cornoleaia Molin,1965;Igorvarentsovia Novojilov,1956;Kaltaleaia 152
Novojilov,1952;Lioleaia Novojilov,1952;Minoleaia Novojilov,1952;Siberioleaia Novojilov,1954;Trileaia Kobayashi,1954） 153
Kasacholeaia Shen,1978 154
Subfamily Brachioleaiinae Zhang et Chen,1976 155
Brachioleaia Novojilov,1952（＝Quadrileaia Kobayashi,1954） 155
Acantholeaia Almeida,1950 155
Cycloleaia Novojilov,1952 156
Subfamily Cycloleaiinae Novojilov,1952 156
Subfamily Amphikoilinae,Novojilov,1953 157
Amphikoilium Novojilov,1953 157
Family Praeleaiidae Novojilov,1956 157
Praeleaia Lutkevieh,1929 157
Hepuleaia Shen,1978 158
Paraleaia Raymond,1946（＝Troicleaia Miroshnichonko,1956;Teiichium Novojilov,1956） 158
Eutrileaia Shen,1983 160
Rostroleaia Novojilov,1952（＝Falsirostria Nevojilov,1954;Granirostria Novojilov,1954） 161
Family Rostroleaiidae Novojilov,1956 161
Subfamily Rostroleaiinae Novojilov,1956 161
Limnadiopsileaia Tasch,1962 162
Subfamily Pteroleaiinae Shen,1978 163
Pteroleaia Copeland,1962 163
Superfamily Estberiellioidea Kobayashi,1954 163
Family Estheriellidae Kobaytshi,1954 163
Estheriella Weiss,1875 163
Pseudestheriella Novojilov,1956 164
Tancrediella Novojilov,1956 165
Mesoleaia Kobayashi,1954 165
Lioleaiina Novojilov,1952（＝Met？leaia Kobayashi,1954） 166
分类有疑问的属 166
Archaeositum Novojilov,1970 167
Dirhynchum Novojilov,1970 167
Rhynchositum Novojilov,1970 168
Limnadiopsium Novojilov,1958 169
Metarhabdostiehia Novojilov,1958 169
Sphaerestheria Novojilov,1954 170
Trigonestheria Novojilov,1954 170
T.Trigonorossiaia Novojilov,1954 171
T.（Rossoestheria）Novojilov,1954 171
Brachystheria Novojilov,1954 171
Ujgurokontikia Novojilov,1958 172
Sinokontikia Novojilov,1958 172
Rossokontikia Novojilov,1958 172
Khoratestheria Kobayashi,1975 173
Pseudousmussia Novojilov,1954（non Pseudo？smussia Do-fretiu,1966） 173
Sinograpta W.Wang,1980 173
Quadriasmussia Kobayashi,1954 174
Eoasmussia Soot-Kyen,1960 174
Erisopsis Raymond,1946 175
Cyeiestherioides Raymond,1946 175
Pseudestheria Raynond,1946 175
Ubsannria Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 176
Concherisma Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 176
Sphaeropsis Novojilov et Kapelka,1961 177
Svalbardium Novejilov,1961 177
Dotiehostheria Novojilov et Kapelka,1961 177
Ovjurium Novojilov et Varentsov,1956 177
Taimyrites Novojilev,1958 178
Tuvinopsis Nevojilov et Kapelka,1961 179
Estheriopsis Ruseoni;1947 179
Angolttheriella Novojilov,1960 180
Canskia Stopanov,1966 180
Kargalia Novojilov,1956 181
Tataloleaia Novojilov,1956 182
Svmmetroleaia Novojilov,1952 182
Palermisca Novojilov,1956 183
Nyasestheriella Kobayashi,1954 183
Triedrolophus Molin,1968 184
Rhabdostichus Raymond,1946 184
Protolimnadia Kozur et Sittig,1981 185
Warthestheria Martens,1982 185
Japanoleaia Novojilov,1952 186
Teixeirium Novojilov,1958 186
Pseudoleaia Kobayashi,1954 186
Opsipolygrapta Novojilov,1954 186
Bileaia Kobayashi,1954 186
Gonioleaia Novojilov,1952 186
Daduydeesia Raymond,1946 186
Baidestheria Raymond,1946 186
无效属名 186
九、叶肢介的演化与迁移 187
十、研究叶肢介的文献资料 198
图版及图版说明 231