Introduction 1
Unit 1 Engineering Properties of Rocks(Part 1) 5
Unit 2 Engineering Properties of Rocks(Part 2) 11
2.1 The Nature of Soils 11
2.2 Particle Size and Analysis 14
2.3 Plasticitv of Fine-grained Soils 16
2.4 Soil Compaction 17
Unit 3 Rock Mass Classification 20
3.1 Engineering Rock Mass Classification 20
3.2 Terzaghi's Rock Mass Classification 21
3.3 Classifications Involving Stand-up Time 22
3.4 Rock Quality Designation Index(RQD) 22
Unit 4 Pore Pressure and Effective Stress 26
4.1 Stress in the Ground 26
4.2 Groundwater and Pore Pressure 26
4.3 Effective Stress 28
4.4 Importance of Effective Stress 29
4.5 Volume Change and Drainage 30
4.6 Drained Loading,Undrained Loading＆Consolidation 31
4.7 Rates of Loading and Drainage 31
Unit 5 In Situ Testing 35
5.1 Penetrometers 35
5.2 Shear Vane Test 37
5.3 Plate Load and Jacking Tests 37
5.4 Pressure Tests 39
5.5 In Situ Shear Test 41
Unit 6 Consolidation Theory 44
6.1 The Oedometer Test 44
6.2 Compressibility Characteristics 45
6.3 Preconsolidation Pressure 46
6.4 1-D Consolidation Settlement 47
6.5 Degree of Consolidation 48
6.6 Terzaghi's Theory of One-Dimensional Consolidation 48
6.7 Second Compression 49
Unit 7 Bearing Capacity 52
7.1 Stress Distribution in Soil 52
7.2 Foundation Failure 53
7.3 Bearing Capacity Factors 53
7.4 Contact Pressure 54
7.5 Allowable Contact Pressure For Rock Masses 54
Unit 8 Shear Strength(Part 1) 57
8.1 The Mohr—Coulomb Failure Criterion 57
8.2 Shear Strength Tests 59
Unit 9 Shear Strength(Part 2) 67
9.1 Shear Strength of Sands 67
9.2 Shear Strength of Saturated Clays 69
9.3 The Critical State Concept 75
9.4 Residual Strength 75
Unit 10 Foundations for Buildings 79
10.1 Types of Foundation Structure 79
10.2 Bearing Capacity 80
10.3 Settlement 82
10.4 Methods of Ground Treatment 83
Unit 11 Embankment Dams:Introduction,Terminology,and Classification 87
Unit 12 Methods of Slope Control and Stabilization 94
12.1 The Stability of Slopes 94
12.2 Reinforcement of Slopes 97
12.3 Drainage of Slopes 101
Unit 13 Debris Flow:Introduction,Observation and Measurement 105
13.1 Introduction 105
13.2 Observations and Measurements for Debris Flow 107
Unit 14 Natural Subsidence and Influence of Geological Processes 112
14.1 Introduction 112
14.2 The Meaning of Subsidence 113
14.3 Geological Cycle in Relation to Natural Subsidence 113
14.4 Sedimentary Basin Subsidence 114
14.5 Dolines,Swallow-holes,Sink-holes and Crown-holes 114
14.6 Subsidence Arising From Development of Subterranean Voids 115
14.7 Conclusion 116
Unit 15 Underground Caverns 120
15.1 Location of Underground Cavern 120
15.2 Stability of Underground Caverns 120
15.3 Influence of Joints 121
15.4 Exeavation of Underground Caverns 122
Unit 16 Environmental Geology 125
16.1 Introductory Remarks 125
16.2 Geology and Regional Planning 125
16.3 Urban Planning 126
16.4 Waste Disposal 127
16.5 Geological Hazards 129
16.6 Environmental Impact Statements 131
16.7 Earthquake Hazards and Nuclear Power Stations 133
Unit 17 Tasks of Geological Investigation 136
17.1 Man as a Geological Agent 136
17.2 Regional Planning 137
17.3 Geological Analysis 139
17.4 Hydrogeological Analysis 140
17.5 Geological Investigation in Planning and Building of Settlements 143
References 148