上编 英语写作知识讲解 3
A 3
（缩写词） 3
（抽象概念） 5
（离合诗） 5
（适应法） 5
（讽喻法） 6
（头韵） 6
（暧昧，歧义） 7
（联珠法） 8
（类推） 10
（渐降法） 10
（对照格） 11
（反义词） 13
（阳予阴夺格，阳否阴述格） 14
（顿绝格，话语中断格，遮断格） 15
（顿呼格） 15
（古词，古语） 16
（矫揉造作） 17
（拙劣） 17
B 18
（平衡） 18
（不规范语句） 18
（突降格，比小格） 20
（书卷语） 20
（外来词） 21
C 21
（切口，行话） 21
（大写字母使用法） 22
（交错配列法） 23
（纤说法） 23
（明晰） 24
（阶升法） 26
（一致，连贯） 27
（惯用连语） 29
（口语） 29
（简洁） 31
（结论） 31
（具体化） 31
（简约） 32
（含蓄） 33
（一贯） 33
（上下文） 33
（缩约词） 34
（会话体） 34
（截短词） 35
D 36
（词的表面意义） 36
（措词） 36
E 37
（字母的省略，省音） 37
（省略法） 38
（强势法） 39
（警句） 41
（婉曲法） 41
（感叹） 42
（感叹的疑问） 43
（感叹主格） 43
F 44
（寓言） 44
（关系的错误） 44
（修辞格） 45
（比喻，修辞格） 45
（自由成语） 46
（反复动词） 46
G 47
（概括词） 47
（生僻词） 47
（正格用法） 48
（固定复合语） 50
H 50
（套语） 50
（同形异音异义词） 50
（历史现在时） 51
（同音异义词） 52
（夸张） 55
I 56
（习惯用语） 56
（背理比较） 56
（生动的视觉描绘，形象化的描绘） 56
（拟声词） 57
（强势语） 57
（感叹词） 57
（感叹短语） 58
（疑问） 58
（倒装） 58
（反语） 58
J 59
（反复音） 59
L 60
（间接肯定法） 60
（方言） 60
M 61
（隐喻） 61
（换喻） 61
O 62
（拟声法） 62
P 63
（回文） 63
（逆说法） 63
（假省法） 64
（平行法） 64
（无连词排比法） 65
（拟人法） 65
（短语） 66
（冗长） 67
（诗的破格） 67
（谚语） 68
（双关） 69
R 69
（冗赘） 69
（反复） 72
（修辞学） 74
（修辞标点） 74
（修辞问句） 75
（押韵） 75
S 76
（箴言） 76
（观察点的变更） 76
（明喻） 77
（俚语） 79
（柔和的问句） 80
（柔和的叙述） 81
（具体的词） 81
（分裂不定式） 81
（斜视修饰语） 82
（强调） 82
（文体） 82
（提喻法） 83
（同义词） 84
T 86
（添尾句） 86
（术语） 86
（不言而喻的话） 87
V 87
（变化） 87
下编 易混淆词汇编 91
A 91
a—an 91
a—one 91
a big man—a great man 92
a black and a white kitten—a black and white kitten 92
ability—capacity 92
about—or 93
above—foregoing 93
above — more than 93
about — of — on 93
above — from above 94
accident — results 94
a couple of — a pair of 95
accountable — cause of 95
addict — slave to habit 96
acquirement — acquisition 96
across — cross 96
addicted — devoted 97
address — speech 97
a developing country— a developed country 97
adjacent — contiguous 97
admittance — admission 98
adopt — assume 98
advent — arrival 98
advise — advice 99
a few — few 99
a flower — garden — a garden flower 99
after — in 99
after liberation — since liberation 100
ages of — old 100
again — another 100
aggregates — totals 101
a glass eye — an eyeglass 101
ago — before 101
agree with — a gree to 101
a half dozen — half a dozen 102
a horserace — a racehorse 102
alibi — excuse 102
a little —little 102
alive — living 102
all are — all is 103
all are — all are not — none is （are） 103
all of — all 103
all over the count— the whole country 103
almost never — hardly ever 104
a long foot — afoot long 104
already — all ready 104
already — yet 104
altercation — fight 105
altercative — choice 105
altogether — all together 106
although — yet 106
ways — all ways 106
ways — not always — never 106
a.m.— morning 107
amiable — amicable 107
ancient — old 107
and etc.— and so forth 108
anent — about 108
angry at — angry with 108
annex — add 108
another — other 109
antagonist — opponent 109
antagonize — oppose 109
ante — anti 109
antiquated — old 110
any — any other 110
any — at all 111
any — some 111
anybody — any body 111
anyone — any one 111
any place — anywhere 111
anything — any thing 112
anyway — any way 112
apiece — a piece 113
a piece of bread — a bread 113
applyable — applicable 113
apprise — apprize 113
a portrait of blank — a portrait of blank’s 114
apposite — opposite 114
approaches — effos 114
are all — all are 115
are both — both are 115
around — round — about 115
all — artifice 115
artist — artisan 116
as…as — so…as 116
as — because 117
as far as — so far as 117
as follow — as follows 117
aside — apart 118
as — like 118
as many as — all those who 118
as per — in accordance with 118
a sports meet — a sports meeting 119
ask each other — each other ask 119
assembled together — assembled 119
assets — addition 119
as — that 120
astonishment — surprise 120
as well as — as well 120
as — whether 120
at about — about 121
at — by — about 121
at fault — in fault 121
at — in 122
at fiirst — fiirst 122
at the meeting — on the meeting 122
at length — at last 122
audience — spectators 123
aught — naught 123
average — ordinary 123
averse — advoese 124
await — wait 124
award — reward 124
B 125
back again — back 125
because — because of 125
bad friends — enemies 125
badly — very much 126
bank on — rely on 126
because — that 126
before long — long before 126
beg to — beg leave to 127
behind time — behind the times 127
be interested in — be interested to 127
believe — believe in 128
be made of — be made from 128
beneath — under 128
beside — besides 129
besides — except 129
best two — two best 129
better — bettor 130
better — more 130
between — among 130
big — leading 131
biggest shart — most 131
birth date — birthday 131
black bird blackbird 132
blame it on — blame him 132
boiling water — boiled water 132
boili— borne — bourne 132
borrow — lend 133
both are — both are not — neither is 133
both alike — alike 133
both — each 133
bravado — bravery 133
breezy — lively 134
brief — short 134
bring — fetch 134
bring — take 135
by — on 135
build a building — erect a building 135
build down — burn 135
by the name of — of the name of 136
C 136
can — be able to 136
can but — cannot but 136
can — may 137
can not — cannot 137
cannot…nor — cannot…or 137
can not — may not 137
cannot help laughing — cannot help to laugh 138
can ’t seem — seem unable 138
case where — case in which 138
catch on fire — catch 138
catch one up — catch up with one 139
celebrity — famous person 139
childish — childlike 139
Christmas — Christmas Day 140
chronic — severe 140
city — town 140
classifiied into classes — classifiied 141
clean — cleanly 141
climate — weather 141
close down — close 141
close proximity — proximity 141
close up — close 142
clothing — clothes 142
coal oil — kerosene 142
cognomen — name 142
coincidence — happening 143
cold — cool — chilly 143
cold glass — cold water 143
combat — contest 143
come in — come into 144
come from — came from 144
commence — begin 144
compare — comparison 144
compete — compete each other 145
composition — a composition 145
comprise — constitute 145
conclude — close 145
confess— admit 146
congenial — genial 146
congratulate — celebrate 146
conscious — aware 147
conservative — low 147
consider — believe 147
consist of — consist in 147
contemporaneous — contemporary 148
continual — continuous 148
country man — countryman 148
couple — two 149
couple together — couple 149
crime — error 149
cry — shout 149
D 150
dangerous — in danger 150
date — day 150
deadly — deathly 150
deal — number 151
dear — high 151
defend — defend…from 151
demand — order 151
demolish — destroy 152
despite of — in spite of 152
devote — devotee 152
dialogue — conversation 152
die — dead — dye 152
die of — die from 153
dier — dyer 153
different from — different to 153
dinner — have dinner 154
direct — directly 154
discover — disclose 154
discover — invent 155
disinterested — uninterested 155
do — make 155
domicile — home 156
do not — not 156
doubtlessly — doubtless 156
dries — drys 156
due to — because of 157
dying — dyeing 157
E 157
each — every 157
each other — one another 158
early beginning — beginnings 158
early — soon 158
earth — world — globe 159
earthly — earthy 159
easier — more easily 159
eastwards — eastward 159
eat — ate 160
economic — economical 160
edifice — house 160
editorice — leading article 160
educational — educative 160
e.g.— i.e 161
either — any 161
either — neither 161
electric — electrical 161
elementary — elemental 162
ellipse — ellipsis 162
else but — else than 163
empty — vacant 163
enthuse — arouse 163
envelop — envelope 163
equally as — equally 164
especial — special 164
essential — needful 164
etc.— and so forth 165
ever expect — expect ever 165
every — all 165
every — ample 165
every one of us — everyone of us 165
every place — everywhere 166
everything — every thing 166
evince — show 166
example where — example in which 166
except — unless 166
excepting — except 167
excuse me — pardon me 167
examplary — excellent 167
expect — think 168
expensive — dear 168
explain to me — explain me 168
export — ship 168
ex-president — late president 169
express — expressed 169
extra — unusually 169
F 170
fall— autumn 170
fallher — further 170
fashion — manner 170
fatal — serious 170
favour — prefer 171
feel — feeling 171
feel of — feel 171
female — woman 171
fetch — bring 171
few — a few 172
fewer number — smaller number 172
fiigure — number 172
fill in — fiill out 172
film — photograph 173
final — finale 173
fine — pleasing 173
fine — well 173
finish — complete 173
firstly — fiirst 174
fist — hand 174
flee — fly 174
oors — stories 174
foam — froth 175
folk — people 175
folks — family 175
follow after — follow 175
for both — both for 175
forceful — forcible 176
forecasted — forecast 176
forget seeing — forget to see 176
forgo — forego 176
eeman — freedman 177
free thinker — freethinker 177
frequent — common 177
friend — freind 177
friendly — in a friendly manner 178
friend of John — friend of John’s 178
front — beginning 178
funny — strange 178
G 179
gas — gasoline 179
gender — sex 179
generally — usually 179
get — reach — arrive 179
get home — get his home 180
given name — christian name 180
glassfuls — glasses.full 180
glean — get 180
glorious — delightful 181
gold — golden 181
good goods — exceent goods 181
good — well 181
gooses — geese 182
go to bed — go to sleep 182
grammatical error — ungrammatical error 182
grammatic — grammatical 182
grand father — grandfather 182
Great Britain — United Kingdom — British Empire 183
green grocer — greengrocer 183
green house — greenhouse 183
grow smaller — become smaller 183
guess — believe 183
H 184
habiliments — Clothing 184
habit — custom 184
half after — half past 184
hand — worker 184
hanged — hung 185
hard — hardly 185
hard wood — hardwood 185
hastefully — hastily 185
hate — dislike 185
hast — have 186
have — here be 186
healthy — healthful 186
heap — much 186
heap — eat 187
heap — there be 187
heaven — heavens 187
hello — how are you 188
help but — help 188
henceforth — hereafter 188
henceforth — thenceforth 188
heretofore — theretofore 189
heroes — heros 189
heroical — heroic 189
high — highly 189
high — tall 190
high-toned — stylish 190
high way — highway 190
himself — him 190
historic — historical 191
holiday — holy-day — vacation 191
holiday — spend a holiday 191
hope — wish 191
hope that — hope…to 192
how long — how often 192
humane — human 193
human — person 193
humoristic — humorous 193
hung — hanged 193
hyphenization — hyphenation 194
I 194
ill— sick 194
illiterate — ignorant 194
imaginary — imaginative 195
imagine — suppose 195
immediately — immediately after 195
import — bring in 195
impractical — unpractical 195
in — with 196
in front of — in the front of 196
in back of — behind 196
in behalf of — on behalf of 196
incapable — unable 196
incessant — everlasting 197
individual — person 197
infant — child 197
infinite — great 197
instead — instead of 198
inquisitor — inquirer 198
inside of — within 198
insignificant — small 198
inspect — see 199
instructress — instructor 199
intelligent — intelligible 199
inter — intra 199
in the east — to the east — on the east 200
in the morning — this morning 200
in the street — on the street 200
into — in to 201
is not — is no 201
its — it’s 201
J 201
join — take part in 201
just going to — just about to 202
just — just now 202
K 203
keep — stay 203
kind of — rather 203
knock at the door — knock the door 203
Llain — laid 204
large — great 204
largish — some what large 204
last — end 204
last — latest 204
last — past 205
last night — yesterday night 205
late — lately 205
later — latter 205
latter — last-mentioned 206
lay — lie 206
learn — study 206
leave for — leave to 207
leave — away 207
lecturess — lecturer 207
liar — lier 207
lifelong — livelong 208
like — as if 208
like — look like 208
like — love 208
likely — likeable 209
likeness — liking 209
listen — hear 209
little — a little 210
little — few 210
lives [ livz ] —ves [ laivz ] 210
loan — lend 210
locate — settle 210
located — live 211
located — situated 211
lonely — alone 211
look — have a look 211
look — see 212
look at — watch 212
look for — find 212
look good — look well 212
loose — lose 213
loud — showy 213
loud speaker — lond-speaker 213
love — like 213
lovelily — in a lovely manner 214
loving — dear 214
low — lowly 214
lowering — lowering 214
M 215
mad — angry 215
majoy portion — greater part 215
make — eam 215
mandatary — mandatory 215
mannish — manlike — manly 216
many — much — a lot of 216
many of the students — many of students 216
many — market 216
masculine — male 217
may — might 217
may be — maybe 217
may not — must not 217
may I go with you — can I go with you 217
mediums — media 218
meet — meeting 218
mentor — coach 218
mid — amid 218
midst — among 218
mind — remember 218
misremember — forget 219
Miss — Mrs 219
mistaken — misunderstood 219
model — copy 219
moment — minute 220
moonlight — moonlit 220
more than a month ago — about more than a month ago 220
mostly — most 220
most diligent — the most diligent 221
mount — mountain 221
Mr.Wang — a Mr.Wang 221
much — many 222
musical — musicale 222
must have to 222
mutual — common 223
my — mine 223
my dear sir — dear sir 224
my father and mother’s room my father’s and mother’s room 224
my friend — a friend of mine 224
myself — I 224
mystical — mythical 225
N 225
navy — navvy 225
near-by — near 225
neither — not any 226
new — novel — fresh 226
noble man — nobleman 226
no more — not more 226
northeast — eastnorth 227
northward — north 227
notable — noted 227
nothing — no thing 227
notorious — famous 227
no use — useless 228
numerous — many 228
O 228
odd-number — odd numbered 228
often — in many instances 229
old — advanced 229
on account of — that 229
once — ever 229
one day — some day 230
on — in — over — above 230
one…one’s — every one…his 231
on the radio — from the radio 231
on time — in time 231
optimistic — hopeful 231
oral — aural 231
oral — verbal 232
others — the others 232
P 232
parasol — umbrella 232
pardon me — excuse me 232
parley — speak 233
part — some 233
part from — depart from 233
persons — people 233
peruse — read 234
p.m.— evening 234
police — policeman 234
practice — practise 234
poor — the poor 235
pupil — student 235
Q 235
quaint — queer 235
quantity — number 236
quiet — quite 236
R 236
radiobroadcast — radiocast 236
raise— rise 236
raised — reared 237
rare — scarce 237
rather — fairly 237
real — very 238
realize — obtain 238
reality — realty 238
recollect — re-collect 239
recollect — remember 239
recover — re-cover 239
regards — regard 239
reiterate — repeat 239
rejoinder — reply 240
relation — relative 240
rent — let 240
reply — answer 240
reside — live 241
review — revue 241
round — about 241
round house — round-house 241
S 241
salon — saloon 241
sample — example 242
say — speak 242
search — search for 243
semi — half 243
simple — simply 243
share — part 243
shoplady — saleswoman 244
shore — bank 244
shortly — briefly 244
sick — sickly 244
sillily — in a silly manner 245
since — ago 245
since — sense — scenes 245
sky light — skylight 245
slow — slowly 245
slow up — slow down 246
so did I — so I did — I did so 246
so — therefore 246
so — very 246
social — sociable 247
some — about 247
something — somewhat 247
sometime — some time 247
sometime — sometimes 247
sooner — rather 248
soonest — earliest 248
sort — kind 248
source — cause 248
south — southward 249
speak to — speak with 249
speciality — specialty 249
splendid — excellent 249
standpoint — point of view 249
state — say 249
still — yet 250
stop — stay 250
stop talking — stop to talk 250
studio — study 251
such — very 251
Sunday — on Sunday 251
sunlight — sunshine 251
T 252
take place — take the place of 252
tall — high 252
tear [ ti？] — tear [ t？？ ] 252
thanksgiving — thanksgiving day 253
that — who 253
then — and then 253
the nearby park — the park nearby 254
the number — a number 254
the other — another 254
that — which 255
they — he 255
tonight — this night 256
to me — for me 256
too — either 256
too — very 257
try and — try to 257
U 257
uglily — in an ugly manner 257
uncoloured — discoloured 257
underhanded — underhand 257
underlay — underlie 258
unheard-of — unprecedented 258
unhospitable — inhospitable 258
unique — unusual 258
universal — general 258
until — when 259
up town — down town 259
used to — be used to 259
V 260
veracity — truth 260
very — very much 260
vicious — bad 260
W 261
wait on — wait for 261
weight — height 261
we’ll — we will 261
what — who — which 261
where — in which 262
which — that 262
which — whose 262
whose — of which 263
without — unless 263
work — works 263
wrong — wrongly 263
Y 264
year of — year 264
young — early 264