Unit 1 International Trade Laws 1
PART A 1
1.1 International Trade Laws and Organizations 1
Exercise 1 3
1.2 GATT: “provisional” for almost half a century 7
Exercise 2 9
1.3 The Multilateral Trading System 14
Exercise 3 15
1.4 The Structure and the Secretariat of WTO 16
Exercise 4 18
PART B 23
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 23
2. Language Features of English for Law 28
3. Background Information for Reference 30
Unit 2 Chinese Foreign Trade Laws 33
PART A 33
2.1 Chinese Foreign Trade Laws（ Ⅰ ） 33
Exercise 1 38
2.2 Chinese Foreign Trade Laws（ Ⅱ ） 41
Exercise 2 46
2.3 Settling Disputes 48
2.3.1 Dispute-Settling Principles 49
2.3.2 Dispute-Settling Process 50
Exercise 3 52
2.3.3 Appeals 54
2.3.4 Penalty 55
2.3.5 Same People, Different Hats？ 56
Exercise 4 56
PART B 61
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 61
2. Language Features of English for Law 66
3. Background Information for Reference 69
Unit 3 Goods Trade （ Ⅰ ） 71
Part A 71
3.1 Agriculture Negotiations 71
Exercise 1 73
3.2 Anti-Dumping 77
Exercise 2 80
3.3 Balance of Payments 83
3.4 Customs Valuation 84
Exercise 3 85
3.5 The Goods Council and GATT Regulation 87
3.6 Import Licensing 87
3.7 Information Technology Products 88
3.7. 1 Basic Principles of the ITA 89
3.7.2 Normal Implementation Period 89
3.7.3 Extended Staging/Developing Countries 89
3.7.4 The ITA Today 90
3.8 Market Access for Goods 91
3.8.1 Tariff Cuts 91
3.8.2 More Bindings 92
Exercise 4 92
PART B 95
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 95
2. Language Features of English for Law 98
3. Background Information for Reference 101
Unit 4 Goods Trade （ Ⅱ ） 107
PART A 107
4.1 Rules of Origin 107
4.1.1 A General Introduction 107
4.1.2 An Excerpt from the Agreement on Rules of Origin 108
4.2 Safeguard Measures 109
Exercise 1 111
4.3 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 114
4.3.1 Regulations for Animal and Plant Products 114
4.3.2 The Least Developed and Those Depending on Food Imports 115
4.4 Schedules of Concessions on Goods 115
4.4.1 The Uruguay Round Increased Bindings 116
4.4.2 Four Parts of the Schedule 116
4.4.3 Content of the Schedule 117
Exercise 2 117
4.5 State Trading Enterprise 119
4.6 Subsidies and Countervailing Measures 120
Exercise 3 122
4.7 Technical Barriers to Trade 124
4.8 Textiles 125
4.8.1 Textiles Monitoring Body （TMB） 125
4.8.2 The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing （ATC） 1995 2004 125
Exercise 4 130
4.9 Trade Facilitation 132
4.9.1 Mandate for Work by the Singapore Ministerial Declaration 132
4.9.2 What is Trade Facilitation？ 132
4.9.3 Why is Trade Facilitation Becoming An Issue Now？ 132
4.9.4 Trade Facilitation in the Legal Framework of the WTO 133
4.9.5 Current Status of Work 133
Exercise 5 133
PART B 135
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 135
2. Language Features of English for Law 138
3. Background Information for Reference 139
Unit 5 Service Trade 143
PART A 143
5.1 Basic Principles of Service Trade 143
5.2 General Obligations and Disciplines 144
5.2.1 Total Coverage 144
5.2.2 Most-Favored-Nation （ MFN ） Treatment 144
5.2.3 Commitments on Market Access and National Treatment 145
5.2.4 Transparency 146
5.2.5 Regulations 146
5.2.6 Recognition 147
5.2.7 International Payments and Transfers 147
5.2.8 Progressive Liberalization 147
Exercise 1 147
5.3 The Annexes 150
5.3.1 Movement of Natural Persons 150
5.3.2 Financial Services 150
5.3.3 Telecommunications 151
5.3.4 Air Transport Services 151
5.4 Current Work 151
5.4.1 Negotiations （Article 19） 151
5.4.2 Work on GATS Rules （ Articles 10, 13,15） 152
5.4.3 Work on Domestic Regulations（Article 4.4） 152
5.4.4 MFN Exemptions （Annex on Article 2） 153
5.4.5 Taking Account of “Autonomous” Liberalization （Article 19） 153
5.4.6 Special Treatment for Least-Developed Countries （Article 19） 153
5.4.7 Assessment of Trade in Services （Article 19） 154
5.4.8 Air Transport Services 154
Exercise 2 154
5.5 Assessment of Liberalization in Services 158
5.5.1 Sectoral Experience of Hong Kong in Telecommunications 158
5.5.2 Background 158
5.5.3 Financial Model 159
5.5.4 Cost-Benefits Analysis 160
5.5.5 Tangible Benefits 160
5.5.6 Intangible Benefits 161
5.5.7 Observations 162
Exercise 3 163
PART B 166
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 166
2. Language Features of English for Law 168
3. Background Information for Reference 174
Unit 6 Intellectual Property 177
PART A 177
6.1 Understanding of Intellectual Property（IP） Rights 177
Exercise 1 179
6.2 Intellectual Property.. Protection and Enforcement 183
6.2.1 Origins of TRIPS 184
6.2.2 WIPO 185
6.2.3 General Provisions 186
6.3 Basic Principles of TRIPS 187
6.4 Protecting Intellectual Property: Common Ground- rules 187
6.4.1 Copyright 187
6.4.2 Trademarks 188
6.4.3 Geographical Indications 188
Exercise 2 189
6.4.4 Industrial Designs 191
6.4.5 Patents 191
6.4.6 Integrated Circuits Layout Designs 192
6.4.7 Undisclosed Information and Trade Secrets 193
6.4.8 Curbing Anti-competitive Licensing Contracts 193
6.5 Enforcement: Tough but Fair 193
6.5.1 Technology Transfer 194
6.5.2 Transition Arrangements: 1, 5 or 11 Years or More 194
6.6 The Three Main Features of the Agreement 195
6.7 Certain General Provisions 196
Exercise 3 198
6.8 The Text of TRIPS 201
Exercise 4 204
PART B 207
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 207
2. Language Features of English for Law 211
3. Background Information for Reference 212
Unit 7 Understanding WTO Agreement on Agriculture 214
PART A 214
Overview 214
7.1 How does the WTO Agreement on Agriculture Come Out 215
7.1.1 Agricultural Trade 215
7.1.2 Trade Policies Prior to the WTO 216
7.1.3 Uruguay Round Agricultural Negotiations 218
Exercise 1 218
7.2 Introduction of The Agreement on Agriculture 223
7.2.1 Relationship with Other WTO Agreements 223
7.2.2 Product Coverage 224
7.2.3 Rules and Commitments 224
7.2.4 Implementation Period 224
7.2.5 Committee on Agriculture 224
7.3 The WTO Agreement on Agriculture Itself 225
7.3.1 Part 1 226
Exercise 2 228
7.3.2 Part2 232
7.3.3 Part3 232
7.3.4 Part4 236
Exercise 3 238
7.3.5 Part5 242
7.3.6 Part6 245
Exercise 4 246
PART B 249
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 249
2. Language Features of English for Law 254
3. Background Information for Reference 256
Unit 8 Relation Between WTO and China 258
PART A 258
8.1 China Has Had a “Long March” to WTO Entry 258
8.2 China's WTO Entry Is a Major Historic Event 260
Exercise 1 261
8.3 The Balance of Rights and Duties 265
8.4 What Can China's Indnstries Get from the WTO？ 267
Exercise 2 268
8.5 The Sino-US Bilateral Agreement 270
Exercise 3 274
PART B 278
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 278
2. Language Features of English for Law 281
3. Background Information for Reference 282
Unit 9 About WTO Agreements 284
PART A 284
Overview 284
9.1 The Structure of the WTO Agreements 286
9.2 Tariffs: More Bindings and Closer to Zero 287
Exercise 1 288
9.3 Agreements, Binding Tariffs and Distortion 291
9.4 The Agriculture Agreement: New Rules and Commitments 293
9.5 Export Subsidies: Limits on Spending and Quantities 296
Exercise 2 297
9.6 Standards and Safety 300
9.7 Textiles : Back in the Mainstream 302
9.8 Services: Rules for Growth and Investment 304
Exercise 3 305
9.9 General Obligations and Disciplines 307
9.10 International Payments and Transfers 310
Exercise 4 311
PART B 313
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 313
2. Language Features of English for Law 317
3. Background Information for Reference 319
Unit 10 Dispute Settlement 321
PART A 321
10.1 A Unique Contribution 321
10.2 Settling Disputes 322
10.3 How the Panels Are to Work 324
10.3.1 Appeals 325
Exercise 1 327
10.3.2 Case Study 331
10.3.3 Disputes: Where Should They Be Handled？ 331
Exercise 2 335
10.4 A GATT Dispute: The Tuna-Dolphin Dispute 339
10.5 Examples of Dispute Settlement Documents 341
Exercise 3 344
PART B 348
1. Translation of Trade Law Documents 348
2. Language Features of English for Law 351
3. Background Information for Reference 352