Chapter 1 INTRODUCING LEXICOLOGY 1
1.1 The Scope of Lexicology 2
1.2 The Significance of Studying Vocabulary 3
1.3 Lexicology and Linguistic Studies 6
1.4 Research Methods in Lexicology 9
1.5 Questions for Further Study 12
Chapter 2 THE SOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY 13
2.1 The Origins of English Words 14
2.2 The Influences of Foreign Languages 15
2.3 The Formation of English Words 17
2.4 The Characteristics of Modern English Vocabulary 21
2.5 Questions for Further Study 24
Chapter 3 THE FORMS AND STRUCTURES OF ENGLISH WORDS 27
3.1 Morphological Structures of English Words 29
3.2 Morphemes 29
3.3 Roots 32
3.4 Questions for Further Study 39
Chapter 4 WORD FORMATION VIA AFFIXATION 41
4.1 Lexical Prefixes 42
4.2 Grammatical Prefixes 62
4.3 Lexical Suffixes 64
4.4 Grammatical Suffixes 81
4.5 Questions for Further Study 93
Chapter 5 WORD FORMATION VIA COMPOUNDING 95
5.1 Three Forms of Compounds 96
5.2 Structures of Compounds 98
5.3 Functions of Compounds 101
5.4 Characteristics of Compounds 101
5.5 Compound Nouns 102
5.6 Compound Adjectives 109
5.7 Phrasal Compounds 113
5.8 Questions for Further Study 115
Chapter 6 WORD FORMATION VIA OTHER METHODS 117
6.1 Blending 118
6.2 Conversion 119
6.3 Borrowing 120
6.4 Clipping 127
6.5 Acronymy and Initialism 128
6.6 Questions for Further Study 132
Chapter 7 SENSE RELATIONS 133
7.1 Types of Meaning 134
7.2 Sense Relations 136
7.3 Polysemy 139
7.4 Homonymy 142
7.5 Questions for Further Study 146
Chapter 8 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 147
8.1 Simile 148
8.2 Metaphor 150
8.3 Personification 152
8.4 Dehumanization 153
8.5 Hyperbole 154
8.6 Allusion 155
8.7 Paradox 156
8.8 Onomatopoeia 157
8.9 Questions for Further Study 160
Chapter 9 LANGUAGE VARIATION AND WORD CHOICE 163
9.1 Speakers'/Writers'Choice of Words 165
9.2 Word Choice for Formal English 167
9.3 Words to Avoid in Formal English 185
9.4 Questions for Further Study 187
Chapter 10 COLLOCATIONS 189
10.1 Noun Collocations 190
10.2 Verb Collocations 193
10.3 Adjective Collocations 198
10.4 Adverb Collocations 200
10.5 Preposition Collocations 204
10.6 Conjunction Collocations 207
10.7 Questions for Further Study 209
Chapter 11 DICTIONARIES AND VOCABULARY LEARNING 211
11.1 Types of Dictionaries 212
11.2 Information in Dictionaries 215
11.3 Monolingual and Bilingual Dictionaries 216
11.4 Principles of Selecting a Dictionary 217
11.5 Questions for Further Study 219
Chapter 12 ENGLISH VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES 221
12.1 Classifications of Vocabulary Learning Strategies 223
12.2 Suggested Methods in Learning Vocabulary 226
12.3 Questions for Further Study 231
Appendix Ⅰ A SELECTED LIST OF ENGLISH PREFIXES 233
Appendix Ⅱ A SELECTED LIST OF ENGLISH SU FFIXES 237
Appendix Ⅲ A SELECTED LIST OF ENGLISH COMBINING FORMS 242
Appendix Ⅳ A SELECTED LIST OF ENGLISH WORD ROOTS 249
Bibliography 253
Suggested Answers 255