Part Ⅰ：General 3
Adaptation&Georges L．Bastin 3
Advertising&Ira Torresi 6
Asylum&Moira Inghilleri 10
Audiovisual translation&Luis Pérez Gonález 13
Bible，Jewish and Christian&Lynell Zogbo 21
Censorship&Francesca Billiani 28
Children's literature&Gillian Lathey 31
Classical texts&Lorna Hardwick 34
Comics&Federico Zanettin 37
Commercial translation&Maeve Olohan 40
Community interpreting&Cecilia Wadensj？ 43
Computer-aided translation（CAT）&Minako O'Hagan 48
Conference interpreting，historical and cognitive perspectives&Daniel Gile 51
Conference interpreting，sociocultural perspectives&Ebru Diriker 56
Corpora&Dorothy Kenny 59
Court interpreting&Muhammad Y．Gamal 63
Cultural translation&Kate Sturge 67
Culture&David Katan 70
Deconstruction&Kathleen Davis 74
Descriptive vs．committed approaches&Siobhan Brownlie 77
Dialogue Interpreting&Ian Mason 81
Directionality&Allison Beeby Lonsdale 84
Discourse analysis&Basil Hatim 88
Drama translation&Gunilla Anderman 92
Equivalence&Dorothy Kenny 96
Ethics&Moira Inghilleri（and Carol Maier） 100
Explicitation&Kinga Klaudy 104
Fictional representations&Dirk Delabastita 109
Foreign language teaching&Guy Cook 112
Functionalist approaches&Christina Sch？ffner 115
Gender and sexuality&Luise von Flotow 122
Globalization&Michael Cronin 126
Hermeneutics&Theo Hermans 130
History&James St André 133
Ideology&Peter Fawcett and Jeremy Munday 137
Institutional translation&Ji-Hae Kang 141
Interpretive approach&Myriam Salama-Carr 145
Linguistic approaches&Gabriela Saldanha 148
Literary translation&Francis R．Jones 152
Localization&Reinhard Sch？ler 157
Machine Translation&Ke Ping 162
Minority&Michael Cronin 169
Mobility&Loredana Polezzi 172
Models&Theo Hermans 178
Multilingualism&Rainier Grutman 182
News gathering and dissemination&Jerry Palmer 186
Norms&Mona Baker 189
Poetry&Jean Boase-Beier 194
Polysystem&Mark Shuttleworth 197
Postcolonial approaches&Wang Hui 200
Pragmatics&Basil Hatim 204
Pseudotranslation&Paolo Rambelli 208
Psycholinguistic and cognitive approaches&Sandra Halverson 211
Publishing strategies&Terry Hale 217
Quality&Juliane House 222
Qur？n（Koran）&Hassan Mustapha 225
Relay&James St André 230
Retranslation&Sehnaz Tahir Gǖr？a？lar 233
Reviewing and criticism&Carol Maier 236
Rewriting&Dimitris Asimakoulas 241
Scientific and technical translation&Maeve Olohan 246
Script&Gordon Brotherston 249
Self-translation&Rainier Grutman 257
Semiotics&Ubaldo Stecconi 260
Shakespeare&Dirk Delabastita 263
Shifts&Matthijs Bakker，Cees Koster and Kitty van Leuven-Zwart 269
Signed language interpreting&Lorraine Leeson 274
Sociological approaches&Moira Inghilleri 279
Strategies&John Kearns 282
Terminology&Lynne Bowker 286
Think-aloud protocols&Riitta J？skel？inen 290
Training and education&Dorothy Kelly and Anne Martin 294
Translatability&Theo Hermans 300
Unit of translation&Dorothy Kenny 304
Universals&Sara Laviosa 306
Part Ⅱ History and Traditions 313
African tradition&Paul Bandia 313
American tradition&Lawrence Venuti 320
Arabic tradition&Mona Baker and Sameh Fekry Hanna 328
Brazilian tradition&Heloisa Gon？alves Barbosa and Lia Wyler 338
British tradition&Roger Ellis and Liz Oakley-Brown 344
Bulgarian tradition&Anna Lilova 354
Canadian tradition&Jean Delisle 362
Chinese tradition&Eva Hung and David Pollard 369
Czech tradition&Zlata Kufnerová and Ewald Osers 378
Danish and Norwegian traditions&Viggo Hiθrnager Pedersen and Per Qvale 385
Dutch tradition&Theo Hermans 390
Finnish tradition&Andrew Chesterman 398
French tradition&Myriam Salama-Carr 404
German tradition&Harald Kittel and Andreas Poltermann 411
Greek tradition&David Connlly and Aliki Bacopoulou-Halls 418
Hebrew tradition&Gideon Toury 427
Hungarian tradition&Gy？rgy Radó 435
Icelandic tradition&Keneva Kunz 442
Indian tradition&Ramesh Krishnamurthy 449
Italian tradition&Riccardo Duranti 459
Japanese tradition&Masaomo Kondo and Judy Wakabayashi 468
Latin tradition&Louis G．Kelly 477
Latin American tradition&Georges L．Bastin 486
Persian tradition&Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak 493
Polish tradition&Elzbieta Tabakowska 501
Romanian tradition&János Kohn 510
Russian tradition&Vilen N．Komissarov 517
Slovak tradition&Zlata Kufnerová and Ewald Osers 525
Southeast Asian traditions&Harry Aveling and Teri Shaffer Yamada 527
Spanish tradition&Anthony Pym 533
Swedish tradition&Lars Wollin 542
Turkish tradition&Saliha Paker 550
Bibliography 561
Index 661