Part One Basic Theories of Translation 3
1 A Brief Discussion of Translation 3
1.1 The Origin and Function of Translation 4
1.2 Definitions of Translation 6
1.3 The Nature of Translation Studies 9
2 Principles for Translation 11
2.1 Various Principles for Translation 11
2.2 George Campbell's and Alexander Fraser Tytler's Triple Principles 12
2.3 Eugene A.Nida's Functional Equivalence 13
2.4 German Functionalists' Skopos Theory 14
2.5 Yan Fu's Triple Principle for Translation 15
2.6 Fu Lei's“Spiritual Resemblance”（“神似”）and Qian Zhongshu's“Sublime Perfection”（“化境”） 16
2.7 Liu Zhongde's Triple Principle for Translation 18
2.8 Xu Yuanchong's Three-Beauty Principle and His“信达优” 21
2.9 Zhang Peiji's and Sun Zhili's“Faithfulness”and“Smoothness” 22
3 Major Translation Strategies 24
3.1 Towards the Three Major Translation Strategies 24
3.2 Domestication and Foreignization and Their Application 34
3.3 A Comparison of Foreignization and Domestication with Literal Translation and Liberal Translation 49
4 The Process of Translation 55
4.1 On the Process of Translation 55
4.2 Comprehension and Reproduction of the SLT at the Macro-Level 57
4.3 Comprehension and Reproduction of the SLT at the Micro-Level 60
4.4 Improvement of the TLT 63
5 The Reality of the Translator's Subjectivity 65
5.1 Subjectivity and the Translator's Subjectivity 65
5.2 Translators as Human Beings 66
5.3 Translator-Centeredness 68
5.4 Different Versions of the Same Literary Work 69
5.5 Machine Translation 70
6 The Translator's Exertion of His Subjectivity 80
6.1 The Necessity of the Translator's Exertion of His Subiectivity 80
6.2 Requirements of the Translators' Exertion of Subjectivity 84
6.3 Manifcstations of the Translator's Exertion of Subjectivity 89
6.4 Restrictions of the Translator's Exertion of Subjectivity 110
7 Context and Wording in Translation（Ⅰ） 113
7.1 Towards Context 113
7.2 Context for Translation 123
7.3 Wording in Translation 126
8 Context and Wording in Translation（Ⅱ） 132
8.1 Context as a Determiner of Wording 133
8.2 Intra-Lingual Context and Wording 134
Reference Answers to the Exercises 147
Part Two Major Translation Techniques 160
9 词类转译 160
9.1 英语名词与汉语动词相互转译 160
9.2 英语介词与汉语动词相互转译 161
9.3 英语形容词与汉语动词相互转译 162
9.4 英语形容词与汉语副词相互转译 162
9.5 英语副词与汉语动词相互转译 163
9.6 英语名词与汉语形容词相互转译 163
10 增补词语 167
10.1 根据内容增补词语 167
10.2 根据形式增加词语 174
11 省略词语 184
11.1 从内容角度省略词语 184
11.2 从形式角度省略词语 190
12 正说反译与反说正译 197
12.1 原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达（正说反译） 197
12.2 原文从反面表达，译文从正面表达（反说正译） 204
13 语态转译 212
13.1 语态转译在英译汉中的运用 212
13.2 语态转译在汉译英中的运用 216
14 分译法在翻译中的运用 221
14.1 分译法在英译汉中的运用 221
14.2 分译法在汉译英中的运用 224
15 合并法在翻译中的运用 229
15.1 合并法在英译汉中的运用 229
15.2 合并法在汉译英中的运用 231
16 英汉习语的分类与翻译 235
16.1 文化、习语与翻译 235
16.2 英汉习语的种类与翻译 235
17 英语定语从句的译法 243
17.1 英语限制性定语从句的常用译法 243
17.2 英语非限制性定语从句的主要译法 247
17.3 转译法 250
17.4 几种特殊形式的定语从句的翻译 252
18 英语状语从句的翻译 256
18.1 时间状语从句的翻译 256
18.2 原因状语从句的翻译 258
18.3 条件状语从句的翻译 259
18.4 让步状语从句的翻译 260
18.5 目的状语从句的翻译 261
18.6 结果状语从句的翻译 262
18.7 方式状语从句的翻译 263
18.8 地点状语从句的翻译 264
19 英汉长句的翻译 267
19.1 按原句顺序译 267
19.2 逆原句顺序译 268
19.3 适当调整原句顺序 271
19.4 分开翻译 272
19.5 综合处理 274
20 专题翻译 278
20.1 英语隐喻的分类与翻译 278
20.2 英汉广告修辞的翻译 288
翻译练习题参考答案 298
Part Three Translation Practice 315
21 英汉互译范文30篇 315
21.1 英译汉范文20篇 315
21.2 汉译英范文10篇 359
22 全国英语专业八级统考翻译试题及其参考译文（1992—2015） 385
主要参考文献 438