总论 1
一、塞罕坝自然概况 1
（一）地理位置及地貌 1
（二）气候条件 1
（三）土壤类型 2
（四）河流水文 2
（五）古地理概况 2
（六）自然资源 3
（七）人文及社会状况 3
二、塞罕坝动物资源的历史变迁 3
三、塞罕坝脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性 5
（一）塞罕坝森林—草原交错带的划分 5
（二）脊椎动物群落结构与多样性研究方法 6
（三）脊椎动物群落的结构与多样性 9
四、塞罕坝动物经济意义 38
（一）珍稀保护种类 38
（二）农林、卫生有益动物 39
（三）食用动物 40
（四）毛皮动物 40
（五）药用动物 40
（六）观赏动物 41
（七）动物危害 41
各论 42
硬骨鱼纲OSTEICHTHYES 42
鱼类形态特征及常用名词术语 42
一、鲑形目Salmoniformes 44
（一）鲑科Salmonidae 44
细鳞鲑属Brachymystax Güenther,1866 44
1．细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok(Pallas) 44
二、鲤形目Cypriniformes 46
（二）鲤科Cyprinidae 46
雅罗鱼亚科Leuciscinae 47
A．？属Phoxinus Agassiz,1835 47
2．洛氏？Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 47
B．雅罗鱼属Leuciscus Cuvier,1817 48
3．瓦氏雅罗鱼Leuciscus waleckii(Dybowski) 49
鲤亚科Cyprininae 50
C．鲤属Cyprinus Linnaeus,1758 50
4．鲤Cyprinus carpio(Linnaeus) 51
D．鲫属Carassius Jarocki,1822 52
5．鲫Carassius auratus(Linnaeus) 52
（三）鳅科Cobitidae 54
花鳅亚科Cobitinae 54
泥鳅属Misgurnus lacépède,1803 54
6．北方泥鳅Misgurnus bipartitus(Sauvage et Dabry) 54
7．泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor) 55
三、刺鱼目Gasterosteiformes 56
（四）刺鱼科Gasterosteidae 57
多刺鱼属Pungitius Coste,1846 57
8．中华多刺鱼Pungitius sinensis(Guichenot) 57
两栖纲AMPHIBIA 58
无尾两栖动物分类的形态学特征及常用名词术语 58
一、无尾目Anura 63
（一）蟾蜍科Bufonidae 64
蟾蜍属Bufo Laurenti,1768 64
1．中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans Cantor,1842 64
2．花背蟾蜍Bufo raddei Strauch,1876 66
（二）雨蛙科Hylidae 68
雨蛙属Hyla Laurenti,1768 68
3．日本雨蛙Hyla japonica Güenther,1842 68
（三）蛙科Ranidae 70
A．林蛙属Rana Linnaeus,1758 70
4．中国林蛙Rana chensinensis David,1875 71
B．侧褶蛙属Pelophylax Fitzinger,1843 73
5．黑斑侧褶蛙Pelophylax nigromaculatus Hallowell,1860 73
爬行纲REPTILIA 75
爬行纲动物分类常用名词术语 76
一、蜥蜴目Lacertiforms 80
（一）壁虎科Gekkonidae Groy,1825 80
壁虎属Gekko Laurenti,1768 81
1．无蹼壁虎Gekko swinhonis Güenther,1864 81
（二）鬣蜥科Agamidae Gray,1827 82
沙蜥属Phrynocephalus Kaup,1825 83
2．草原沙蜥Phrymocephalus frontalis Strauch,1876 83
（三）蜥蜴科Lacertidae Gray,1825 84
麻蜥属Eremias Wiegmarm,1834 84
3．丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus Peters,1869 84
4．山地麻蜥Eremias brenchleyi Güenther,1872 86
二、蛇目Serpentiformes 87
（四）游蛇科Colubridae Gray,1825 87
A．游蛇属Coluber Linnaeus,1758 88
5．黄脊游蛇Coluber spinalis(Peters,1866) 88
B．锦蛇属Elaphe Fitzinger,1883 89
6．白条锦蛇Elaphe dione(Pallas,1773) 90
7．红点锦蛇Elaphe rufodorsata(Cantor,1842) 91
8．团花锦蛇Elaphe davidi(Sauvage,1884) 93
C．颈槽蛇属Rhabdophis Fitzinger,1843 94
9．虎斑颈槽蛇Rhabdophis tigrinus(Boie,1826) 95
（五）蝮科Crotalidae 96
亚洲蝮属Gloydius Hoge and Romano-Hoge,1981 97
10．中介蝮Gloydius intermedius(Strauch,1868) 97
鸟纲AVES 98
鸟类分类的形态学特征及常用名词术语 99
一、目Podicipediformes 111
（一）科Podicipedidae 112
A．小属Tachybaptus Reichenbach,1852 112
1．小Tachybaptus ruficollis(Pallas) 112
B．属Podiceps Latham,1787 113
2．凤头Podiceps cristatus(Linnaeus) 114
3．黑颈Podiceps nigricollis Brehm 115
二、鹈形目Pelecaniformes 117
（二）鸬鹚科Phalacrocoracidae 117
鸬鹚属Phalacrocorax Brisson,1760 117
4．普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo Linnaeus 117
三、鹳形目Ciconiiformes 119
（三）鹭科Ardeidae 120
A．鹭属Ardea Linnaeus,1758 120
5．苍鹭Ardea cinerea Linnaeus 120
B．苇？属Ixobrychus Billberg,1828 122
6．黄斑苇？Ixobrychus sinensis(Gmelin) 122
C．麻？属Botaurus Stephens,1819 123
7．大麻？Botaurus stellaris(Linnaeus) 124
（四）鹳科Ciconiidae 125
鹳属Ciconia Brisson,1760 126
8．黑鹳Ciconia nigra(Linnaeus) 126
四、雁形目Anseriformes 127
（五）鸭科Anatidae 128
A．天鹅属Cygnus Bechstein,1803 128
9．大天鹅Cygnus cygnus(Linnaeus) 128
10．小天鹅Cygnus columbianus(Ord) 130
B．雁属Anser Brisson,1760 131
11．鸿雁Anser cygnoides(Linnaeus) 131
12．豆雁Anser fabalis(Latham) 133
C．麻鸭属Tadorna Fleming,1822 135
13．赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea(Pallas) 135
14．翘鼻麻鸭Tadorna tadorna(Linnaeus) 137
D．鸳鸯属Aix Boie,1828 138
15．鸳鸯Aix galericulata(Linnaeus) 139
E．河鸭属Anas Linnaeus,1758 140
16．罗纹鸭Anas falcata Georgi 141
17．绿翅鸭Anas crecca Linnaeus 142
18．绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus 144
19．斑嘴鸭Anas poecilorhyncha Forster 146
20．白眉鸭Anas querquedula Linnaeus 147
21．琵嘴鸭Anas clypeata Linnaeus 148
F．潜鸭属Aythya Boie,1822 150
22．红头潜鸭Aythya ferina(Linnaeus) 150
23．青头潜鸭Aythya baeri(Radde) 152
24．凤头潜鸭Aythya fuligula(Linnaeus) 153
五、隼形目Falconiformes 154
（六）鹰科Accipitridae 155
A．鸢属Milvus Lacepede,1799 155
25．黑鸢Milvus migrans(Boddaert) 156
B．兀鹫属Gyps Savigny,1809 157
26．高山兀鹫Gyps himalayensis Hume 158
C．秃鹫属Aegypius Savigny,1809 159
27．秃鹫Aegypius monachus(Linnaeus) 159
D．鹰属Accipiter Brisson,1760 161
28．日本松雀鹰Accipiter gularis(Temminck) 161
29．雀鹰Accipiter nisus(Linnaeus) 163
30．苍鹰Accipiter gentilis(Linnaeus) 165
E．鵟属Buteo Lacépède,1799 167
31．普通鵟Buteo buteo(Linnaeus) 167
F．鹞属Circus Lacepede,1799 169
32．白尾鹞Circus cyaneus(Linnaeus) 169
33．鹊鹞Circus melanoleucos(Pennant) 171
G．雕属Aquila Brisson,1760 172
34．草原雕Aquila nipalensis(Hodgson) 172
35．乌雕Aquila clanga Pallas 174
（七）隼科Falconidae 175
隼属Falco Linnaeus,1758 176
36．红隼Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 176
37．红脚隼Falco amurensis Radde 178
38．灰背隼Falco columbarius Linnaeus 180
39．燕隼Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 181
六、鸡形目Galliformes 183
（八）松鸡科Tetraonidae 183
琴鸡属Lyrurus Swainson,1831 184
40．黑琴鸡Lyrurus tetrix(Linnaeus) 184
（九）雉科Phasianidae 186
A．石鸡属Alectoris Kaup,1829 186
41．石鸡Alectoris chukar(J.E.Gray) 186
B．山鹑属Perdix Brisson,1760 188
42．斑翅山鹑Perdix dauurica(Pallas) 188
C．鹌鹑属Coturnix Bonnaterre,1791 190
43．鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix(Linnaeus) 190
D．雉属Phasianus Linnaeus,1758 192
44．环颈雉Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus 192
七、鹤形目Gruiformes 194
（十）鹤科Gruidae 194
A．蓑羽鹤属Anthropoides Vieillot,1816 194
45．蓑羽鹤Anthropoides virgo(Linnaeus) 195
B．鹤属Grus Brisson,1760 196
46．白枕鹤Grus vipio Pallas 196
47．灰鹤Grus grus(Linnaeus) 198
48．白头鹤Grus monacha Temminck 200
（十一）秧鸡科Rallidae 201
A．秧鸡属Rallus Linnaeus,1785 202
49．普通秧鸡Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus 202
B．黑水鸡属Gallinula Brisson,1760 203
50．黑水鸡Gallinula chloropus(Linnaeus) 204
C．骨顶属Fulica Linnaeus,1758 205
51．骨顶鸡Fulica atra Linnaeus 205
（十二）鸨科Otididae 207
鸨属Otis Linnaeus,1758 207
52．大鸨Otis tarda Linnaeus 208
八、鸻形目Charadriiformes 209
（十三）反嘴鹬科Recurvirostridae 210
反嘴鹬属Recurvirostra Linnaeus,1758 210
53．反嘴鹬Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus 210
（十四）鸻科Charadriidae 212
A．麦鸡属Vanellus Brisson,1760 212
54．凤头麦鸡Vanellus vanellus(Linnaeus) 212
55．灰头麦鸡Vanellus cinereus(Blyth) 214
B．鸻属Charadrius Linnaeus,1758 215
56．剑鸻Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus 216
57．金眶鸻Charadrius dubius Scopoli 217
58．环颈鸻Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus 219
（十五）鹬科Scolopacidae 220
A．沙锥属Gallinago Koch,1816 221
59．针尾沙锥Gallinago stenura(Bonaparte) 221
60．扇尾沙锥Gallinago gallinago(Linnaeus) 223
B．杓鹬属Numenius Brisson,1760 224
61．白腰杓鹬Numenius arquata(Linnaeus) 224
C．鹬属Tringa Linnaeus,1758 226
62．红脚鹬Tringa totanus(Linnaeus) 227
63．青脚鹬Tringa nebularia(Gunnerus) 228
64．白腰草鹬Tringa ochropus Linnaeus 229
65．林鹬Tringa glareola Linnaeus 231
66．矶鹬Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus 232
D．滨鹬属Calidris Merrem,1804 233
67．青脚滨鹬Calidris temminckii(Leisler) 234
（十六）鸥科Laridae 235
鸥属Larus Linnaeus,1758 235
68．西伯利亚银鸥Larus vegae Palmen 236
69．红嘴鸥Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 237
（十七）燕鸥科Sternidae 238
A．燕鸥属Sterna Linnaeus,1758 239
70．普通燕鸥Sterna hirundo Linnaeus 239
71．白额燕鸥Sterna albifrons(Pallas) 241
B．浮鸥属Chlidonias Rafinesque,1822 242
72．白翅浮鸥Chlidonias leucoptera(Temminck) 243
九、鸽形目Columbiformes 244
（十八）鸠鸽科Columbidae 244
A．鸽属Columba Linnaeus,1758 245
73．岩鸽Columba rupestris Pallas 245
B．斑鸠属Streptopelia Bonaparte,1855 247
74．山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis(Latham) 247
75．珠颈斑鸠Streptopelia chinensis (Scopoli) 249
十、鹃形目Cuculiformes 250
（十九）杜鹃科Cuculidae 251
杜鹃属Cuculus Linnaeus,1758 251
76．四声杜鹃Cuculus micropterus Gould 251
77．大杜鹃Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 253
78．霍氏中杜鹃Cuculus horsfieldi Moore 254
79．小杜鹃Cuculus poliocephalus Latham 255
十一、鸮形目Strigiformes 257
（二十）鸱鸮科Strigidae 257
A．角鸮属Otus Pennant,1769 257
80．红角鸮Otus sunia(Linnaeus) 258
B．雕鸮属Bubo Dumeril,1806 259
81．雕鸮Bubo bubo(Linnaeus) 259
C．小鸮属Athene Boie,1822 261
82．纵纹腹小鸮Athene noctua(Scopoli) 261
D．耳鸮属Asio Brisson,1760 263
83．长耳鸮Asio otus(Linnaeus) 263
十二、佛法僧目Goraciiformes 265
（二十一）翠鸟科Alcedinidae 265
A．翠鸟属Alcedo Linnaeus,1758 265
84．普通翠鸟Alcedo atthis(Linnaeus) 266
B．翡翠属Halcyon Swainson,1820～1821 267
85．蓝翡翠Halcyon pileata(Boddaert) 267
十三、戴胜目Upupiformes 269
（二十二）戴胜科Upupidae 269
戴胜属Upupa Linnaeus,1758 269
86．戴胜Upupa epops Linnaeus 269
十四、形目Piciformes 271
（二十三）啄木鸟科Picidae 271
A．啄木鸟属Picoides Lacepede,1799 271
87．星头啄木鸟Picoides canicapillus(Blyth) 272
88．小星头啄木鸟Picoides kizuki(Temminck) 273
89．小斑啄木鸟Picoides minor(Linnaeus) 275
90．大斑啄木鸟Picoides major(Linnaeus) 276
B．绿啄木鸟属Picus Linnaeus,1758 278
91．灰头绿啄木鸟Picus canus Gmelin 278
十五、雀形目Passeriformes 280
（二十四）百灵科Alaudidae 281
A．百灵属Melanocorypha Boie,1828 282
92．蒙古百灵Melanocorypha mongolica(Pallas) 282
B．短趾百灵属Calandrella Kaup,1829 284
93．亚洲短趾百灵Calandrella cheleensis(Swinhoe) 284
C．凤头百灵属Galerida Boie,1828 285
94．凤头百灵Galerida cristata Linnaeus 286
D．云雀属Alauda Linnaeus,1758 287
95．云雀Alauda arvensis Linnaeus 287
（二十五）燕科Hirundinidae 289
A．岩燕属Ptyonoprogne Reichonbach,1850 289
96．岩燕Ptyonoprogne rupestris(Scopoli) 289
B．燕属Hirundo Linnaeus,1758 291
97．家燕Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 291
98．金腰燕Hirundo daurica Linnaeus 293
（二十六）鹡？科Motacillidae 294
A．山鹡？属Dendronanthus Blyth,1844 295
99．山鹡？Dendronanthus indicus(Gmelin) 295
B．鹡？属Motacilla Linnaeus,1758 297
100．白鹡？Motacilla alba Linnaeus 297
101．黑背白鹡？Motacilla lugens Gloger 299
102．黄头鹡？Motacilla citreola Pallas 300
103．黄鹡？Motacillaflava Linnaeus 302
（1）东北亚种Motacillaflava macronyx(Stresemann) 304
（2）堪察加亚种Motacilla flava similllma Hartert 304
104．灰鹡？Motacilla cinerea Tunstall 305
C．鹨属Anthus Bechstein,1805 307
105．田鹨Anthus richardi Vieillot 308
106．树鹨Anthus hodgsoni Richmond 310
107．红喉鹨Anthus cervinus(Pallas) 312
（二十七）太平鸟科Bombycillidae 313
太平鸟属Bombycilla Vieillot,1807 313
108．太平鸟Bombycilla garrulus(Linnaeus) 314
109．小太平鸟Bombycilla japonica(Siebold) 316
（二十八）伯劳科Laniidae 317
伯劳属Lanius Linnaeus,1758 317
110．虎纹伯劳Lanius tigrinus Drapiez 318
111．红尾伯劳Lanius cristatus Linnaeus 319
112．楔尾伯劳Lanius sphenocercus Cabanis 321
（二十九）黄鹂科Oriolidae 322
黄鹂属Oriolus Linnaeus,1766 323
113．黑枕黄鹂Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus 323
（三十）卷尾科Dicruridae 325
卷尾属Dicrurus Vieillot,1816 325
114．黑卷尾Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot 325
（三十一）椋鸟科Sturnidae 327
椋鸟属Sturnus Linnaeus,1758 327
115．灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus Temminck 327
（三十二）鸦科Corvidae 329
A．松鸦属Garrulus Brisson,1760 330
116．松鸦Garrulus glandarius(Linnaeus) 330
B．灰喜鹊属Cyanopica Bonaparte,1850 331
117．灰喜鹊Cyanopica cyana(Pallas) 332
C．鹊属Pica Brisson,1760 333
118．喜鹊Picapica(Linnaeus) 333
D．星鸦属Nucifraga Brisson,1760 335
119．星鸦Nucifraga caryocatactes(Linnaeus) 335
E．山鸦属Pyrrhocorax Tunstall,1771 337
120．红嘴山鸦Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax(Linnaeus) 337
F．鸦属Corvus Linnaeus,1758 338
121．达乌里寒鸦Corvus dauuricus Pallas 339
122．秃鼻乌鸦Corvusfrugilegus Linnaeus 342
123．小嘴乌鸦Corvus corone Linnaeus 344
124．大嘴乌鸦Corvus macrorhynehos Wagler 345
125．渡鸦Corvus corax Linnaeus 347
（三十三）河乌科Cinclidae 349
河乌属Cinclus Borkhausen,1797 349
126．褐河乌Cinclus pallasii Temminck 349
（三十四）岩鹨科Prunellidae 351
岩鹨属Prunella Vieillot,1816 351
127．领岩鹨Prunella collaris(Scopoli) 351
128．棕眉山岩鹨Prunella montanella(Pallas) 353
（三十五）鸫科Turdidae 354
A．歌鸲属Luscinia Torster,1817 354
129．红喉歌鸲Luscinia calliope(Pallas) 355
130．蓝喉歌鸲Luscinia svecicus(Linnaeus) 357
131．蓝歌鸲Luscinia cyane(Pallas) 358
B．鸲属Tarsiger Hodgson,1844 360
132．红胁蓝尾鸲Tarsiger cyanurus(Pallas) 360
C．红尾鸲属Phoenicurus Forster,1817 362
133．北红尾鸲Phoenicurus auroreus(Pallas) 362
134．红腹红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythrogaster(Guldenstadt) 364
D．石？属Saxicola Bechstein,1802 366
135．黑喉石？Saxicola torquata(Linnaeus) 366
E．地鸫属Zoothera Vigors,1832 368
136．白眉地鸫Zoothera sibirica(Pallas) 368
137．虎斑地鸫Zoothera dauma(Latham) 370
F．鸫属Turdus Linnaeus,1758 372
138．灰背鸫Turdus hortulorum(Sclater) 372
139．赤颈鸫Turdus ruffcollis Pallas 373
（三十六）鹟科Muscicapidae 375
A．鹟属Muscicapa Brisson,1970 375
140．乌鹟Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin 375
141．北灰鹟Muscicapa dauurica 377
B．姬鹟属Ficedula Brisson,1760 379
142．白眉（姬）鹟Ficedula zanthopygia(Hay) 379
143．黄眉（姬）鹟Ficedula narcissina(Temminck) 381
144．红喉（姬）鹟Ficedula parva(Bechstein) 382
（三十七）画眉科Timaliidae 384
噪鹛属Garrulax Lesson,1831 384
145．山噪鹛Garrulax davidi(Swinhoe) 385
（三十八）鸦雀科Paradoxornithidae 386
鸦雀属Paradoxornis Gould,1836 386
146．棕头鸦雀Paradoxornis webbianus(G.R.Gray) 387
147．震旦鸦雀Paradoxornis heudei David 388
（三十九）莺科Sylviidae 390
A．苇莺属Acrocephalus Naumann,1811 390
148．黑眉苇莺Acrocephalus bistrigiceps(Swinhoe) 390
149．东方大苇莺Acrocephalus orientalis(Temminck et Schlegel) 392
B．柳莺属Phylloscopus Boie,1826 393
150．褐柳莺Phylloscopus fuscatus(Blyth) 394
151．棕眉柳莺Phylloscopus armandii(Milne-Edwards) 395
152．黄腰柳莺Phylloscopus proregulus(Pallas) 397
153．黄眉柳莺Phylloscopus inornatus(Blyth) 398
（四十）戴菊科Regulidae 399
戴菊属Regulus Cuvier,1800 400
154．戴菊Regulus regulus(Linnaeus) 400
（四十一）长尾山雀科Aegithalidae 401
长尾山雀属Aegithalos Hermann,1804 401
155．银喉长尾山雀Aepgithalos caudatus (Linnaeus) 402
（1）指名亚种Aegithalos caudatus caudatus(Linnaeus) 403
（2）华北亚种Aegithalos caudatus vinaceus(Verreaux) 403
（四十二）山雀科Paridae 404
山雀属Parus Linnaeus,1758 404
156．沼泽山雀Parus palustris Linnaeus 404
157．褐头山雀Parus songarus Severtzov 406
158．煤山雀Parus ater Linnaeus 407
159．大山雀Parus major linnaeus 408
（四十）？科Sittidae 410
？属Sitta Linnaeus,1758 410
160．普通？Sitta europaea Linnaeus 411
161．黑头？Sitta villosa Verreaux 412
（四十四）雀科Passeridae 414
麻雀属Passer Brisson,1760 414
162．（树）麻雀Passer montanus(Linnaeus) 414
（四十五）燕雀科Fringillidae 416
A．燕雀属Fringilla Linnaeus,1758 417
163．燕雀Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus 417
B．岭雀属Leucostticte Swainson,1832 419
164．粉红腹岭雀Leucosticte arctoa(Pallas) 419
C．朱雀属Carpodacus Kaup,1829 421
165．红眉朱雀Carpodacus pulcherrimus(Moore) 421
166．［普通］朱雀Carpodacus erythrinus(Pallas) 423
167．北朱雀Carpodacus roseus (Pallas) 425
D．交嘴雀属Loxia Linnaeus,1758 426
168．红交嘴雀Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus 426
E．金翅［雀］属Carduelis Brisson,1760 428
169．白腰朱顶雀Carduelis flammea (Linnaeus) 428
170．黄雀Carduelis spinus Linnaeus 430
171．金翅雀Carduelis sinica Linnaeus 432
F．灰雀属Pyrrhula Brisson,1760 434
172．灰腹灰雀Pyrrhula griseiventris Lafresnare 434
G．锡嘴雀属Coccothraustes Brisson,1760 435
173．锡嘴雀Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus) 435
H．蜡嘴雀属Eophona Gould,1851 437
174．黑头蜡嘴雀Eophona personata(Temminck et Schlegel) 438
175．黑尾蜡嘴雀Eophona migratoria Hartert 439
I．长尾雀属Uragus Keyserling et Blasius,1840 441
176．长尾雀Uragus sibiricus (Palias) 441
（四十六）？科Emberizidae 443
A．？属Emberiza Linnaeus 443
177．灰眉岩？Emberiza godlewskii Sushkin 444
178．三道眉草？Emberiza cioides Brandt 446
179．白眉？Emberiza tristrami Swinhoe 448
180．栗耳？Emberiza fucata Pallas 449
181．小？Emberiza pusilla Pallas 451
182．黄眉？Emberiza chrysophrys Pallas 452
183．田？Emberiza rustica Pallas 453
184．黄喉？Emberiza elegans Temminck 455
185．黄胸？Emberiza aureola Pallas 457
186．栗？Emberiza rutila Pallas 458
187．灰头？Emberiza spodocephala Pallas 460
188．苇？Emberiza pallasi Cabanis 461
189．芦？Emberiza schoeniclus(Linnaeus) 463
B．铁爪？属Calcarius Bechstein,1802 464
190．铁爪？Calcarius lapponicus Linnaeus 464
哺乳纲MAMMALIA 466
哺乳动物分类常用名词术语 466
一、食虫目Eulipotyphla 470
（一）猬科Erinaceidae 471
刺猬属Erinaceus Linnaeus,1758 471
1．东北刺猬Erinaceus amurensis Linnaeus,1758 471
二、翼手目Chiroptera 474
（二）蝙蝠科Vespertilionidae 475
A．伏翼属Pipistrellus Kaup,1829 475
2．东亚伏翼Pipistrellus abramus(Temminck,1835) 475
B．蝙蝠属Vespertilio Linnaeus,1758 478
3．东方蝙蝠Vespertilio superans(Thomas,1899) 478
三、兔形目Lagomorpha 480
（三）兔科Leporidae 480
兔属Lepus Linnaeus,1758 481
4．草兔Lepus capensis Linnaeus,1758 481
四、啮齿目Rodentia 484
（四）松鼠科Sciuridae 485
松鼠亚科Sciuridae 485
A．花鼠属Tamias Illger,1811 485
5．花鼠Tamias sibiricus(Laxmann,1769) 485
B．黄鼠属Spermophilus F.Cuvire,1825 488
6．达乌尔黄鼠Spermophilus dauricus Brandt,1844 488
（五）鼠科Muridae 492
A．姬鼠属Apodemus Kaup,1829 493
7．大林姬鼠Apodemus peninsulae(Thomas,1906) 493
8．黑线姬鼠Apodemus agrarius(Pallas,1771) 496
B．家鼠属Rattus Fischer,1803 498
9．褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus(Berkenhout,1769) 498
C．小鼠属Mus Linnaeus,1758 501
10．小家鼠Mus musculus Linnaeus,1758 501
（六）仓鼠科Cricetidae 504
仓鼠亚科Cricetinae 504
A．仓鼠属Cricetulus Milne-Edwards,1867 505
11．中国仓鼠Cricetulus griseus Milne-Edwards,1867 505
12．长尾仓鼠Cricetulus longicaudatus(Milne-Edwards,1867) 508
B．大仓鼠属Tscherskia Ognev,1914 510
13．大仓鼠Tscherskia triton(Winton,1899) 510
？亚科Arvicolinae 513
C．？属Myodes Tilesius,1850 513
14．棕背？Myodes rufocanus(Sundevall,1846) 513
D．田鼠属Microtus Schrank,1798 516
15．莫氏田鼠Microtus maximomiczii(Schrenck,1859) 517
16．布氏田鼠Microtus brandtiRadde,1861 520
17．棕色田鼠Microtus mandarinus(Milne-Edwards,1871) 522
18．狭颅田鼠Microtus gregalis(Pallas,1778) 525
沙鼠亚科Gerbillinae 527
E．沙鼠属Meriones Illiger,1811 528
19．长爪沙鼠Meriones unguiculatus(Milne-Edwards,1867) 528
（七）鼹形鼠科Spalacidae 531
鼢鼠属Myospalax Laxmann,1769 531
20．草原鼢鼠Myospalax aspalax(Pallas,1776) 531
21．东北鼢鼠Myospalax psilurus(Milne-Edwards,1874) 533
（八）跳鼠科Dipodidae 536
五趾跳鼠属Allactaga Cuvier,1836 536
22．五趾跳鼠Allactaga sibirica(Forster,1778) 537
五、食肉目Carnivora 539
（九）犬科Canidae 540
A．犬属Canis Linnaeus,1758 541
23．狼Canis lupus Linnaeus,1758 541
B．狐属Vulpes Oken,1816 544
24．赤狐Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus,1758 544
C．貉属Nyctereutes Temminck,1839 547
25．貉Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray,1834 547
（十）鼬科Mustelidae 550
A．鼬属Mustela Linnaeus,1758 551
26．黄鼬Mustela sibirica Pallas,1773 551
27．艾鼬Mustela eversmanni Lesson,1827 554
B．狗獾属Meles Brisson,1762 556
28．狗獾Meles meles(Linnaeus,1758) 557
C．猪獾属Arctonyx F.Cuvier,1825 560
29．猪獾Arctonyx collaris F.Cuvier,1825 560
（十一）猫科Felidae 563
A．兔狲属Otocolobus Brand,1481 564
30．兔狲Otocolobus manul Pallas,1776 564
B．豹猫属Prionailurus Severtzov,1858 566
31．豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr,1792 567
C．猞猁属Lynx Kerr,1792 569
32．猞猁Lynx lynx(Linnaeus,1758) 570
六、偶蹄目Artiodactyla 572
（十二）猪科Suidae 573
野猪属Sus Linnaeus,1758 573
33．野猪Sus scrofa Linnaeus,1758 573
（十三）鹿科Cervidae 576
A．鹿属Cervus Linnaeus,1758 577
34．马鹿Cervus elaphus Linnaeus,1758 577
B．狍属Capreolus Gray,1821 580
35．狍Capreolus pygargus Pallas,1771 580
（十四）牛科Bovidae 583
A．原羚属Procapra Hodgson,1846 584
36．黄羊Procapra gutturosa(Pallas,1777) 584
B．斑羚属Naemorhedus H.Smith,1827 587
37．斑羚Naemorhedus caudatus Milne-Edwards,1867 587
参考文献 591
中名索引 599
学名索引 608