Chapter1InternationalTrade 1
Section1SomeBasicConceptsofInternationalTrade 1
1.1DefinitionofInternationalTrade 1
1.2TheReasonsforInternationalTrade 1
Content 1
1.3TheWaysofDealinginInternationalTrade 2
1.4FunctionalMiddlemeninInternationalTrade 5
1.5ChannelstoEstablishTradeRelations 5
Section2TwoImportantPrinciplesinForeignTrade 6
2.1AbsoluteAdvantage 6
2.2ComparativeAdvantage 7
Section3TheImportanceofDevelopingForeignTrade 8
3.1ImportanceofExportTrade 8
3.4VisibleTradeandInvisibleTrade 9
3.2ExportDrive 9
3.3FavorableBalanceTradeandUnfavorableBalanceofTrade 9
Section4TradeBarriers 10
4.1TariffBarriers 10
4.2Non-tariffBarriers 11
4.3Quota 11
4.4ImportlicensingSystem 11
4.5ForeignExchangeControl 12
4.6NewNon-tariffBarriers 12
WordsandExpressions 12
Notes 13
Tasks 14
1.1MarketResearch 18
Chapter2TheConductofExport/ImportTransaction 18
Section1PreparationforExporting 18
1.2CreditInformation 19
1.3ExportPromotion 20
Section2BusinessNegotiation 22
2.1Enquiry 23
2.2Offer 23
2.3Counter-offer 24
2.4Acceptance 24
2.5ConclusionofaContract 25
3.2ExaminationandModificationoftheLetterofCredit 28
3.3CharteringandBookingShippingSpace 28
3.1PreparingGoodsforShipment 28
Section3ImplementationofContract 28
3.4CustomsFormalities 29
3.5InsuringGoods 29
3.6BankNegotiation 29
Section4SettlementofDisputes 30
WordsandExpressions 30
Notes 31
Tasks 37
Chapter3PriceTerms 40
Section1TheMostCommonPriceTermsinForeignTrade 40
1.1FOB(NamedPortofShipment) 40
1.2CIF(NamedPortofDestination) 43
1.3CFR(NamedPortofDestination) 44
2.1EX-WORKS(EXW) 45
Section2AdditionalPriceTerms 45
2.2EX-SHIP(EXS) 46
2.3EX-QUAY(EXQ)，DUTY-PAID 46
2.4CarriagePaidto...NamedPoint(CPT) 46
2.5FreightorCarriageandInsurancePaidto...NamedPoint(CIP) 47
2.6DeliveredatFrontier(DAF) 47
2.7DeliveredDutyPaid(DDP) 47
2.8CommissionandDiscount 47
2.9SomeTips 48
Section3PriceClausesinSalesContract 49
WordsandExpressions 50
Notes 51
Tasks 53
1.1PaymentinAdvance 57
Section1TheBasicMethodsofPaymentinInternationalTrade 57
Chapter4InternationalPayment 57
1.2OpenAccount 58
1.3PaymentagainstDocuments 58
Section2BillsofExchange 59
2.1DefinitionofBillofExchange 59
2.2TheRoleofBillsofExchangeinForeignTrade 60
2.3ClassificationofBillsofExchange 60
2.4SomeTerminologies 61
2.5ASpecimenofaBillofExchangeunderCollection 62
Section3DocumentaryCredit 62
3.1DefinitionofL/C 63
3.2TheRelativePartiestoL/C 63
3.4Discount 64
3.3Negotiation 64
Section4TypesofL/C 65
4.1SightL/CandTimeorUsanceL/C 65
4.2IrrevocableL/CandRevocableL/C 65
4.3ConfirmedL/CandUnconfirmedL/C 66
4.4TransferableL/CandDivisibleL/C 67
4.5RevolvingL/C 67
4.6RedClauseL/C 68
Section5PaymentClausesinSalesContract 68
WordsandExpressions 70
Notes 71
Tasks 76
Section1TheDefinitionofCommodity sQuality 80
Chapter5QualityofCommodity 80
Section2MethodsofStipulatingQualityofCommodity 81
2.1SalebyDescriptiom 82
2.2SalebySample 83
Section3QualityClauseofSalesContract 84
3.1FlexibleArea 85
3.2MaximumandMinimum 85
3.3AllowedDeviations 86
Section4ExamplesofQualityClauseinSalesContract 86
Section5SignificanceofQuality 87
WordsandExpressions 88
Notes 88
Tasks 90
Section1TheDefinitionofQuantityofCommodities 93
Chapter6QuantityofCommodity 93
Section2UnitsofMeasuresandWeights 94
2.1Weight 94
2.2Length 95
2.3Area 95
2.4Volume 95
2.5Capacity 95
2.6PackageUnits 96
Section3TheCalculationoftheWeightoftheCommodities 96
3.1ByGrossWeight 97
3.2ByNetWeight 97
3.3ByLegalWeight 97
3.6TheoreticalWeight 98
3.4NetNetWeight 98
3.5ConditionedWeight 98
Section4MoreorLessClause 99
Section5ExamplesofQuantityClauseinContract 99
WordsandExpressions 101
Notes 101
Tasks 103
Chapter7PackingofCommodity 106
Section1TheDefinitionofPacking 106
Section2FunctionsofPacking 107
Section3TypesofPacking 108
3.1TransportPacking 108
3.2SalesPacking 110
3.3NeutralPacking 111
Section4VariousKindsofMarks 112
4.1ShippingMarks 112
4.2IndicativeMarksandWarningMarks 113
4.3OtherMarks 114
Section5PackingClauseofSalesContract 114
Section6ExamplesofPackingClauseinSalesContract 115
WordsandExpressions 116
Notes 117
Tasks 120
Chapter8InternationalCargoTransportationInsurance 122
Section1TheDefinitionofInternationalCargoTransportationInsurance 122
2.1Risks 123
Section2RisksandLosses 123
2.2Losses 124
2.3Expenses 125
Section3OceanMarineInsuranceClauses 126
3.1OceanManneInsuranceunderC.I.F 126
3.2InstituteCargoClauses 130
3.3Overland,AirTransportationandParcelPostInsurance 132
UnderC.I.C 132
Section4InsuranceDocuments 134
4.1InsurancePolicy 134
4.2InsuranceCertificate 135
4.3CoverNote 135
4.4OpenCover 135
Section5InsuranceClaim 136
5.1FranchiseandRightofSubrogation 136
4.5CombinedCertificate 136
4.6Endorsement 136
5.2InsuranceClaimSettlementforDamagestoGoods 137
Section6InsuranceClauseintheSalesContract 138
Section7ExamplesofInsuranceClauseinSalesContract 138
WordsandExpressions 139
Notes 141
Tasks 144
Chapter9InternationalCargoTransportation 147
Section1Definition 147
Section2TheTransportationofCargoes 148
2.1MarineTransportation 148
2.2RailwayTransportation 150
2.5CombinedTransportation 151
2.3AirTransportation 151
2.4ParcelTransportation 151
2.6InternationalMulti-modalTransportation 153
Section3DeliveryConditions 153
3.1ShipmentDate 153
3.2PortsofShipmentandDestination 154
3.3PartialShipmentandTransshipment 155
3.4ShippingDocuments 156
Section4DeliveryClauseinSalesContract 158
4.1ShipmentDate 158
4.2PortofShipmentandPortofDestination 159
4.3PartialShipmentandTransportation 160
4.4ShippingAdvice 160
Section5ExamplesofDeliveryClause 160
WordsandExpressions 161
Notes 162
Tasks 165
Chapter10Inspection,Disputes,Claim,ArbitrationandForceMajeure 167
Section1InspectionofCommodities 167
1.1TimeandPlaceofInspection 168
1.2CommodityInspection 169
1.3InspectionCertificate 170
1.4InspectionClauseinSalesContract 171
Section2DisputeandClaims 172
2.1Disputes 172
2.2ClaimandSatisfaction 173
2.3ImportTipsinHandlingClaimandSatisfaction 174
2.4ClaimClausesintheContract 175
2.5SettlementofClaim 176
Section3ArbitrationandForceMajeure 177
3.1PlaceofArbitration 178
3.2ArbitrationBody 178
3.3ApplicableArbitrationRules 179
3.4ArbitralProceedings 179
3.5ForceMajeure 181
Section4ExamplesofArbitrationinSalesContract 183
WordsandExpressions 185
Notes 186
Tasks 192
AppendixⅠ ReferencestotheTask 195
AppendixⅡ 对外贸易实用单据一览表 197
AppendixⅢ 英汉对照国际贸易实用缩写术语 218
Bibliography（参考书目） 246