《语言学范畴研究丛书 声调 Tone》PDF下载

  • 购买积分:12 如何计算积分?
  • 作  者:Moira Yip著
  • 出 版 社:北京:北京大学出版社
  • 出版年份:2005
  • ISBN:7301079923
  • 页数:341 页
图书介绍:语音可以分为辅音、元音和声调。声调以音高来传达语词的意义。世界上大约有70%的语言是声调型的语言,汉语在其中无疑是非常有代表性的。深入地研究这些语言中的声调,对汉语研究的重要参考价值不言而喻。本书论述了声调的类型、特征和发生,在优选论的框架下分析声调的超音段性质,探讨声调音系层面和形态、句法层面的关系。同时力求给研究者提供一个完善的知识结构,所讨论的声调语音系统遍布亚洲、美洲和非洲,涉及尽可能多的语言类型,并对声调的感知和习得也做了一些论述。

1 Introduction 1

1.1 What is a tone language? 1

1.2 How is tone produced? 5

1.3 The structure of the grammar:Phonetics and phonology 10

1.4 Theplace ofphonologyinthelargergrammar 12

1.5 The organization ofthis book 14

2 Contrastive tone 17

2.1 Which languages are tonal? 17

2.2 Tohalnotations 18

2.3 Field-work issues 21

2.4 Contrasting level tones 24

2.5 Location,number and types of rising and falling tones 27

2.6 Tone and vowel quality 31

2.7 Consonant types and tone 33

2.8 Tonogenesis:the birth of tones 35

3 Tonal features 39

3.1 Desiderataforafeature system 39

3.2 Numbers of level tones 42

3.3 Contours 47

3.4 Feature geometry 52

3.5 Relationship to laryngeal features 56

3.6 Binarity,markedness,and underspecification 61

4 The autosegmental nature of tone,and its analysis in Optimality Theory 65

4.1 Characteristics of tone 66

4.2 Autosegmental representations 72

4.3 The bare bones of Optimality Theory 77

4.4 An OT treatment of the central properties of tone 82

4.5 Tonal behaviour and its OT treatment 84

4.6 Some Bantu phenomena in OT 89

4.7 Initial left-to-right association 93

4.8 Extrametricality 96

4.9 Relation between tone and stress 97

4.10 The Obligatory Contour Principle 99

5 Tone in morphology and in syntax 105

5.1 Morphology 106

5.2 Syntax 113

5.3 Summary 129

6 African languages 130

6.1 Classification 130

6.2 Common or striking characteristics of African tone languages 130

6.3 An extended example:Igbo 162

7 Asian and Pacific languages 171

7.1 Cantonese Chinese 174

7.2 Mandarin Chinese 178

7.3 Wu Chinese 185

7.4 Min Chinese 189

7.5 Types of tonal changes found in Chinese 195

7.6 Tibeto-Burman 196

7.7 Austro-Tai 202

7.8 Mon-Khmer 206

7.9 A coda 208

8 The Americas 212

8.1 Central America 212

8.2 North America 238

8.3 South America 246

9 Tone,stress,accent,and intonation 255

9.1 Introduction 255

9.2 Tone assignment in stress languages 257

9.3 Accentual languages 258

9.4 Intonation as phrasal-level tones:a reminder of prosodic hierarchy 260

9.5 An OT account of Roermond Dutch 279

9.6 Phrasing,speech rate,stylistics 283

9.7 Conclusion 288

10 Perception and acquisition of tone 289

10.1 Adult tone perception 289

10.2 First-language acquisition 295

10.3 Second-language acquisition 309

Bibliography 311

Author index 335

Subject index 339