Chapter 1 Language 1
1 Introduction 1
2 What Is Language? 1
3 Design Features of Language 2
4 Functions of Language 5
5 Origins of Language 8
Chapter 2 Linguistics 12
1 What Is Linguistics? 12
2 Scopes of Linguistics 13
3 Some Basic Distinctions in Linguistics 17
4 Linguistics and Language Teaching and Learning 21
Chapter 3 Phonetics 26
1 What Is Phonetics? 26
2 Speech Organs 26
3 Description of Vowels 30
4 Description of Consonants 35
5 Phonetic Transcription 42
Chapter 4 Phonology 52
1 What Is Phonology? 52
2 Phone, Phoneme andAllophone 53
3 Complementary Distribution and Minimal Pairs 54
4 Some Phonological Rules 54
5 Distinctive Features 58
6 Beyond the Sound Segments 59
Chapter 5 Lexicology 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Morpheme and Allomorph 65
3 Classification of Morpheme 67
4 Features of Morpheme 71
5 Characteristics of Word 72
6 Classification of Words 72
7 Word Formation 74
Chapter 6 Syntax 86
1 Basic Concepts 86
2 Traditional Approach 88
3 Structural Approach 91
4 Generative Approach 94
5 Functional Approach 98
Chapter 7 Semantics 103
1 What Is Semantics? 103
2 Some Semantic Theories 103
3 Sense and Reference 106
4 Sense Relation Between Words 107
5 Sense Relation Between Sentences 111
6 Analysis of Meaning 113
Chapter 8 Pragmatics 116
1 What Is Pragmatics? 116
2 Context and Meaning 116
3 Sentence Meaning and Utterance Meaning 118
4 Speech Act Theory 119
5 Principle of Conversation 122
6 Principle of Politeness 124
Chapter 9 Language and Culture 129
1 Introduction 129
2 What Is Culture? 129
3 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 130
4 Language and Culture in Language Teaching 133
5 Language and Culture in Language Learning 137
6 Language and Culture in Translation 140
Chapter 10 Language Acquisition 145
1 Introduction 145
2 First Language Acquisition 145
3 Second Language Acquisition 149
Appendix 164
附录1 英语学习网址目录 164
附录2 国内英语专业学术期刊目录 168
附录3 英语语言学学习参考书目 169
附录4 英语语言学常规考试题型 171
附录5 英语语言学常用术语表 172
References 214