专业英语教程：材料成型与控制工程 第2版 英文PDF电子书下载

1 Basic Concepts of Metallic Materials 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Metallic Crystals Structures 1

1.2.1 The Face-centered Cubic Crystal Structure 2

1.2.2 The Body-centered Cubic Crystal Structure 3

1.2.3 The Hexagonal Close-packed Crystal Structure 4

1.3 Crystal Systems 5

1.4 Crystallographic Directions 7

1.5 Directions in Hexagonal Crystals 8

1.6 Crystallographic Planes 10

Words and Expressions 12

2 Strengthening Mechanisms 13

2.1 Mechanisms of Strengthening in Metals 13

2.1.1 Strengthening by Grain Size Reduction 13

2.1.2 Solid-solution Strengthening 15

2.1.3 Strain Hardening 17

2.2 Recovery,Recrystallization,and Grain Growth 18

2.2.1 Recovery 19

2.2.2 Recrystallization 19

2.2.3 Grain Growth 22

Words and Expressions 24

3 The History of Rolling 25

3.1 The Early History of Rolling 25

3.2 Late Developments in the Hot Rolling of Steel in Europe 27

3.3 The Early Rolling of Steel in the United States 29

3.4 Energy Source for Rolling Mills 31

3.5 The Historical Development of Cold Rolling 32

3.6 Modern Cold-reduction Facilities 33

3.7 Foil Mills 35

3.8 Temper or Skin Pass Mills 35

3.9 Modern Hot Strip Mills 35

Words and Expressions 38

4 Classifications of Rolling Mills 43

4.1 Main Components of a Mill Stand 43

4.2 Classification of Mill Stands 44

4.3 General Classification of Rolling Mills 47

4.4 Components of High-production Hot Strip Mills 48

4.5 Classification of High-production Hot Strip Mills 49

4.6 Compact Hot Strip Mills 50

4.7 Integrated Continuous Casting and Hot Rolling Process 51

4.8 Cold Mill Arrangement 52

4.9 Processing Lines Incorporating Cold Mills 52

Words and Expressions 53

5 Plate Mills 56

5.1 Introduction 56

5.2 Types of Mills Used for the Rolling of Plates 56

5.3 Plate-mill Design 57

Words and Expressions 58

6 Hot-Strip Mills 60

6.1 Introduction 60

6.2 Steckel Hot Mills 60

6.3 Planetary Mills 61

6.4 Semi-continuous Hot-strip Mills 62

6.5 Continuous Hot-strip Mills 63

6.6 Rougher Trains 65

6.7 Finishing Trains 66

Words and Expressions 66

7 Twin-roll Casting Technology 68

7.1 Introduction 68

7.2 Process Overview 69

7.3 Nucor's Crawfordsville CASTRIP Facility 71

7.4 The Limits of Present Thick and Thin Slab Casting 73

Words and Expressions 75

8 Metal Casting Processes 77

8.1 History 77

8.2 Advantages and Limitations 78

8.3 Applications 78

8.4 Casting Terms 78

8.5 Sand Mould Making Procedure 79

8.6 Melting Equipment for Non-ferrous Foundries 80

8.7 Fluidity and Pouring 82

Words and Expressions 83

9 Forging 85

9.1 Classification of Forging Process 85

9.2 Forging Equipment 88

9.3 Open-die Forging 88

9.4 Close-die Forging 91

9.5 Calculation of Forging Loads in Closed-die Forging 93

9.6 Forging Defects 93

9.7 Residual Stresses in Forging 94

Words and Expressions 95

10 Sheet-Metal Forming 97

10.1 Introduction 97

10.2 Forming Methods 98

10.3 Shearing and Blanking 102

10.4 Bending 103

10.5 Stretch Forming 104

10.6 Deep Drawing 106

Words and Expressions 107

11 Extrusion 110

11.1 Classification of Extrusion Processes 110

11.2 Extrusion Equipment 111

11.3 Hot Extrusion 113

11.4 Cold Extrusion and Cold Forming 115

11.5 Hydrostatic Extrusion 116

11.6 Extrusion of Tubing 117

Words and Expressions 118

12 Classification of Welding Processes 120

Words and Expressions 122

13 Methods of Welding 124

13.1 Types of Welded Joint 124

13.2 Weld Formation 126

13.3 Cold Pressure Welding 127

13.4 Hot Pressure Welding 128

13.5 Gas Heating 128

13.6 Resistance Heating 128

13.7 Induction Heating 129

13.8 Friction Welding 130

Words and Expressions 132

14 Welding Techniques for Manual Welding 133

14.1 Operating Characteristics of Manual Metal Arc（MMA）Welding 134

14.1.1 Welding Current 134

14.1.2 Position of Welding 136

14.1.3 Functions of Flux Covering 138

14.2 Weld Metal Protection 138

14.3 Arc Stabilization 139

14.4 Control of Surface Profile 139

14.5 Control of Weld Metal in Position 140

14.6 Control of Weld Metal Composition 140

Words and Expressions 141

15 Gas Shielded Arc Welding 142

15.1 Historical Background 142

15.2 Inert Gas Tungsten Arc Welding 144

15.3 Electrode Polarity 145

15.4 Arc Maintenance 146

15.5 Direct Current Component 148

15.6 Starting the Welding Arc 148

15.7 Welding Techniques 149

15.8 Stopping the Weld 150

15.9 Applications 150

Words and Expressions 151

Appendix 1：Academic Paper Ⅰ 152

Appendix 2：Academic Paper Ⅱ 156

Appendix 3：Academic Paper Ⅲ 162

Appendix 4：Academic Paper Ⅳ 167

References 174