网络互连 网桥·路由器·交换机和互连协议 英文版PDF电子书下载

Preface 1

Roadmap to the Book 1

Acknowledgments 1

Chapter 1 Essential Networking Concepts 1

1.1 Layers 1

1.2 Service Models 7

1.3 Important Properties of a Network 9

1.4 Reliable Data Transfer Protocols 12

Chapter 2 Data Link Layer Lssues 19

2.1 Generic LANs 19

2.2 IEEE 802 LANs 22

2.3 Names, Addresses, Routes 23

2.4 LAN Addresses 25

2.5 Multicast versus Unicast Addresses 27

2.6 The Broadcast Address 28

2.7 Multiplexing Field 29

2.8 Bit Order 32

2.9 Logical Link Control 34

2.10 Issues in 802.3 35

2.11 Issues in 802.5 38

2.12 Packet Bursts 40

2.13 Reasons for Bridges 40

2.14 Point-to-Point Links 41

Chapter 3 Transparent Bridges 45

3.1 The No-Frills Bridge 45

3.2 The Learning Bridge 47

3.3 Spanning Tree Algorithm 58

3.4 Spanning Tree Algorithm Refinements 63

3.5 Bridge Message Formats 77

3.6 Other Bridge Issues 79

3.7 Remote Bridges 87

Chapter 4 Source Routing Bridges 95

4.1 Pure Source Routing 96

4.2 SR-TB Bridges 104

4.3 SRT Bridges 108

4.4 End-system Algorithms 109

4.5 Source Routing versus Transparent Bridging 116

4.6 Ideas for Improving Source Route Bridging 119

Chapter 5 Hubs, Switches, Virtual LANs, and Fast Ethernet 127

5.1 Hubs 127

5.2 Faster LANs 132

5.3 Virtual LANs(VLANs) 134

Chapter 6 Network Interface: Service Models 145

6.1 What Is the Network Layer? 145

6.2 Network Service Types 146

Chapter 7 Connection-oriented Nets: X.25 and ATM 153

7.1 Generic Connection-oriented Network 153

7.2 X.25: Reliable Connection-oriented Service 155

7.3 Implementing X.25 Inside the Net 167

7.4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 168

8.1 Data Transfer 179

Chapter 8 Generic Connectionless Service 179

8.2 Addresses 180

8.3 Hop Count 180

8.4 Service Class Information 181

8.5 Network Feedback 183

8.6 Fragmentation and Reassembly 183

8.7 Maximum Packet Size Discovery 185

Chapter 9 Network Layer Addresses 189

9.1 Hierarchical Addresses with Fixed Boundaries 190

9.2 Hierarchical Addresses with Flexible Boundaries 192

9.3 Owning versus Renting Addresses 193

9.4 Types of Addresses 194

9.5 IP 194

9.6 IPX 199

9.7 IPX+ 203

9.8 IPv6 204

9.9 CLNP Network Layer Addresses 211

Chapter 10 Connectionless Data Packet Formats 211

9.10 AppleTalk Network Layer Addresses 215

9.11 DECnet Phases III and IV 216

9.12 NAR/NAPT 218

10.1 Pieces of a Connectionless Network Layer 221

10.2 Data Packets 222

10.3 Summary of Packet Formats for Easy Reference 222

10.4 Technical Issues and Comparisons in Data Packet Formats 230

10.5 Source Routing 250

10.6 The Great IPX Frame Format Mystery 253

10.7 Error Reports and Other Network Feedback to the Endnode 256

Chapter 11 Neighbor Greeting and Autoconfiguration 265

11.1 Endnodes Attached via Point-to-Point Links 266

11.2 Endnodes Attached via LANs 267

11.3 Endnodes Attached via Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media 284

11.4 Finding Things 293

Chapter 12 Routing Algorithm Concepts 299

12.1 Distance Vector Routing 299

12.2 Link State Routing 307

12.3 Comparison of Link State and Distance Vector Routing 320

12.4 Load Splitting 325

12.5 Link Costs 326

12.6 Migrating Routing Algorithms 328

12.7 LANs 331

12.8 Types of Service 334

12.9 Partition Repair: Level 1 Subnetwork Partition 341

Chapter 13 Fast Packet Forwarding 347

13.1 Using an Additional Header 347

13.2 Address Prefix Matching 348

13.3 Longest Prefix Match with Trie 350

13.4 Binary Search 361

Chapter 14 Specific Routing Protocols 367

14.1 A Brief History of Intradomain Routing Protocols 367

14.2 RIP 369

14.3 RIMP, IPX-RIP, and DECnet 372

14.4 IS-IS, OSPF, NLSP, and PNNI 373

14.5 Interdomain Routing Protocols 425

Chapter 15 WAN Multicast 449

15.1 Introduction 449

15.2 Multicast in IP 453

Chapter 16 Sabotage-proof Routing 479

16.1 The Problem 480

16.2 All You Need to Know about Cryptography 480

16.3 Overview of the Approach 482

16.4 Detailed Description of the Approach 484

16.5 Summary 491

16.6 For Further Reading 491

Chapter 17 To Route, Bridge, or Switch: Is That the Question? 493

17.1 Switches 493

17.2 Bridges versus Routers 493

17.3 Extensions to Bridges 496

17.4 Extensions to Routers 498

18.1 Simplicity versus Fiexibility versus Optimality 503

Chapter 18 Protocol Design Folklore 503

18.2 Knowing the Problem You re Trying to Solve 505

18.3 Overhead and Scaling 506

18.4 Operation Above Capacity 506

18.5 Compact IDs Versus Object Identifiers 507

18.6 Optimizing for the Most Common or Important Case 507

18.7 Forward Compatibility 508

18.8 Migration: Routing Algorithms and Addressing 513

18.9 Parameters 514

18.10 Making Multiprotocol Operation Possible 517

18.11 Running over Layer 3 versus Layer 2 518

18.12 Robustness 519

18.13 Determinism versus Stability 520

18.14 Performance for Correctness 521

18.15 In Closing 521

Glossary 523

Index 533