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人体骨骼测量方法
人体骨骼测量方法

人体骨骼测量方法PDF电子书下载

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  • 电子书积分:10 积分如何计算积分?
  • 作 者:张继宗,舒永康著
  • 出 版 社:北京:科学出版社
  • 出版年份:2007
  • ISBN:9787030187567
  • 页数:237 页
图书介绍:本丛书是一部全面介绍有关法医人类学基础理论与应用的专著,由《法医人类学基础》、《人体骨髓测量方法》和《骨龄鉴定——中国青少年骨骼X线片图库》三册组成。本册是一本以骨骼标本实际测量为基础拍摄的图谱。
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《人体骨骼测量方法》目录

第一部分 测量工具Tools for measurements图1-1 直脚规Sliding caliper  3

图1-2 弯脚规Spreading caliper  3

图1-3 直脚式三脚平行规Coordinate caliper Parallelometer  4

图1-4 弯脚式三脚平行规Coordinate caliper,Spreading parallelometer  4

图1-5 马丁测高仪Anthropometer  5

图1-6 两支弯脚Parts of anthropometer  5

图1-7 卷尺Plastic tape  6

图1-8 圆杆直脚规Rod compass  6

图1-9 圆杆弯脚规Rod spreading compass  7

图1-10 测齿规Sliding caliper with vernier  7

图1-11 摩立逊定颅器Mollison's eraniopher  8

图1-12 附着式量角器Attachable goniometer  8

图1-13 测腭器Palatometer  9

图1-14 测眶器Orbitometer  9

图1-15 测下颌骨器Mandibulometer  10

图1-16 立方定颅器Cubic craniophor  10

图1-17 水平定位仪Horizontal tracing needle  11

图1-18 马丁描骨器Diagraph  11

图1-19 托颅盘Skull bowl for cubic craniophor  12

图1-20 平行定点仪Parallelometer Parallelograph  12

图1-21 持骨器Bone clamp Bone support  13

图1-22 测骨盘Osteometric table Osteometric board  13

第二部分 颅骨测点The measurement point of skull图2-1 颅骨正面测点ⅠThe measurement points of skull,Anterior aspect Ⅰ  17

图2-2 颅骨正面测点ⅡThe measurement points of skull,Anterior aspect Ⅱ  17

图2-3 颅骨底面测点ⅠThe measurement points of skull,Inferior aspect Ⅰ  18

图2-4 颅骨底面测点ⅡThe measurement points of skull,Inferior aspect Ⅱ  18

图2-5 颅骨侧面测点The measurement points of skull,Lateral aspect  19

图2-6 颅骨背面测点The measurement points of skull,Posterior aspect  19

图2-7 颅骨顶面测点The measurement points of skull,Superior aspect  20

图2-8 下颌骨正面测点The measurement points of mandible Anterior aspect  20

图2-9 下颌骨侧面测点The measurement points of mandible Lateral aspect  21

第三部分 颅骨测量Craniometry图3-1 颅骨最大长的测量(后面观)Maximum cranial length posterior aspect  25

图3-2 颅骨最大长的测量(左侧观)Maximum cranial length left lateral aspect  25

图3-3 颅底长的测量Basi-nasal length Basis length  26

图3-4 枕骨大孔长的测量Foramen magnum length  26

图3-5 鼻棘下点至大孔前缘点长的测量Subspinale-endobasion length  27

图3-6 颅骨最大宽的测量Maximum cranial breadth  27

图3-7 额骨最小宽的测量Minimum frontal breadth  28

图3-8 额骨最大宽的测量Maximum frontal breadth  28

图3-9 冠颞点间宽的测量Stephanienbreite  29

图3-10 耳点间宽的测量Biauricular breadth  29

图3-11 枕骨最大宽的测量Maximum occipital breadth  30

图3-12 乳突间宽的测量Bimastoidal breadth  30

图3-13 颅骨最小宽的测量Minimum cranial breadth  31

图3-14 枕骨大孔宽的测量Foramen magnum breadth  31

图3-15 枕骨底部宽的测量Breite der pars basialis hinterhauptsbeins  32

图3-16 蝶点间宽的测量Bisphenion breadth  32

图3-17 上面宽的测量Upper facial breadth  33

图3-18 两眶内宽的测量Innare biorbital breite  33

图3-19 面宽的测量Bizygomatic breadth  34

图3-20 中面宽Ⅰ的测量Middle facial breadth Ⅰ,zm-zm  34

图3-21 中面宽Ⅱ的测量Middle facial breadth Ⅱ,zm1-zm1  35

图3-22 中眶间宽的测量Middle orbital width,or-or  35

图3-23 鼻根点至两眶内宽之矢高的测量Subtense,fmo-fmo  36

图3-24 鼻尖点之中眶间宽之矢高的测量Subtense,MOW  36

图3-25 颧上颌高或上齿槽点至中面宽之矢高的测量Subtense,GB  37

图3-26 鼻棘下点至颧颌前点连线之矢高的测量Subtense,zm1-zm1  37

图3-27 颅高的测量Basi-bregmatic height  38

图3-28 颅底点至颅顶点高的测量Vertex-basion line  38

图3-29 耳上颅高的测量Auricular height  39

图3-30 前囟点至左右耳门上点连线高的测量Auriculo-bregmatic height  39

图3-31 全面高的测量Morphological facial height,n-gn  40

图3-32 上面高的测量Upper facial height,n-sd  40

图3-33 上齿槽突高的测量Process alveolaris height  41

图3-34 眶宽Ⅰ的测量Orbital breadth Ⅰ,mf-ec  41

图3-35 眶宽Ⅱ的测量Orbital breadth Ⅱ,d-ec  42

图3-36 眶高Ⅰ的测量Orbital height Ⅰ,Maximum height  42

图3-37 眶高Ⅱ的测量Orbital height Ⅱ,1/2 orbital breadth  43

图3-38 两眶宽的测量Biorbital breadth  43

图3-39 后眶间宽的测量Posterior biorbital breadth,la-la  44

图3-40 眶间宽Ⅰ的测量Inter-orbital breadth Ⅰ,d-d  44

图3-41 眶间宽Ⅱ的测量Inter-orbital breadth Ⅱ,mf-mf  45

图3-42 鼻梁至眶间宽之矢高的测量Subtense,d-d  45

图3-43 眶深的测量Orbital depth  46

图3-44 鼻梁至前眶间宽之矢高的测量Subtense,mf-mf  46

图3-45 犬齿窝深的测量Fossa canina depth  47

图3-46 鼻宽的测量Nasal breadth  47

图3-47 鼻高的测量Nasal height,n-ns  48

图3-48 鼻骨最小宽的测量Simotic chord,sc  48

图3-49 鼻骨最小高的测量Simotic subtense,ss  49

图3-50 上颌齿槽弓长的测量Maxillo-alveolar length,pr-alv  49

图3-51 上颌齿槽弓宽的测量Maxillo-alveolar breadth  50

图3-52 腭长的测量Palatal length,ol-sta  50

图3-53 腭宽的测量Palatal breadth,enm-enm  51

图3-54 腭高或腭深的测量Palatal height  51

图3-55 下颌髁突间宽的测量Bicondylar breadth  52

图3-56 喙突间宽的测量Bicoroniod breadth  52

图3-57 下颌角间宽的测量Bigonial breadth  53

图3-58 颏孔间宽的测量Bimental foramen breadth  53

图3-59 下颌体长的测量Length of mandibular body  54

图3-60 颏前点至下颌髁突最向后点之间的投影距离的测量Subtense,The middle point of edl-edl and pogonion(pg)  54

图3-61 下颌联合高的测量Height of mandibular symphysis  55

图3-62 下颌体高Ⅰ的测量Height of mandibular body Ⅰ  55

图3-63 下颌体高Ⅱ的测量Height of mandibular body Ⅱ  56

图3-64 下颌体厚Ⅰ的测量Thickness of mandibular body Ⅰ  56

图3-65 下颌体厚Ⅱ的测量Thickness of mandibular body Ⅱ  57

图3-66 下颌支高的测量Height of mandibular ramus  57

图3-67 下颌喙突高的测量Height of coronoid process  58

图3-68 下颌支宽Ⅰ的测量Breadth of mandibular ramus Ⅰ  58

图3-69 下颌支最小高的测量Height of mandibular notch  59

图3-70 下颌支宽Ⅱ的测量Breadth of mandibular ramus Ⅱ  59

图3-71 下颌支最小宽的测量Minimum breadth of mandibular ramus  60

图3-72 下颌切迹宽的测量Breadth of incisura mandibulae  60

图3-73 下颌切迹深的测量Depth of incisura mandibulae  61

图3-74 下颌骨弧的测量Arc of mandibular bone  61

图3-75 下颌联合弧的测量Arc of mandibular symphysis  62

图3-76 颏孔间弧的测量Bimental bogen  62

图3-77 下颌角的测量Mandibular angle  63

图3-78 上颌齿弓长的测量Zahnbogenl?nge des oberkiefers  63

图3-79 下颌齿弓长的测量Zahnbogenl?nge des unterkiefers  64

图3-80 上颌齿弓宽的测量Zahnbogenbreite des oberkiefers  64

图3-81 下颌齿弓宽的测量Zahnbogenbreite des unterkiefers  65

图3-82 上颌颊齿长的测量Dentall?nge des oberkiefers  65

图3-83 上颌臼齿列长的测量Molarenl?nge des oberkiefers  66

图3-84 下颌臼齿列长的测量Molarenl?nge des unterkeifers  66

图3-85 颅周长的测量Cranial horizontal ci rcumference  67

图3-86 颅骨横弧的测量Cranial transverse arc,Guriculo-bregmatic arc  67

图3-87 颅骨矢状弧的测量Cranial sagittal arc  68

图3-88 额骨矢状弧的测量Frontal arc  68

图3-89 顶骨矢状弧的测量Parietal arc  69

图3-90 枕骨矢状弧的测量Occipital arc  69

图3-91 枕鳞上部矢状弧的测量Arc e-i  70

图3-92 枕鳞下部矢状弧的测量Arc i-o  70

图3-93 额骨矢状弦的测量Frontal chord  71

图3-94 顶骨矢状弦的测量Parietal chord  71

图3-95 枕骨矢状弦的测量Occipital chord  72

图3-96 枕鳞上部矢状弦的测量Superior occipital chord l-i  72

图3-97 枕鳞下部矢状弦的测量Inferior occipital chord i-o  73

图3-98 额骨曲高的测量Frontal subtense  73

图3-99 顶骨曲高的测量Parietal subtense  74

图3-100 枕骨曲高的测量Occipital subtense  74

图3-101 额侧面角的测量Profile angle of frontal bone from nasion  75

图3-102 额骨下部倾角的测量Incl ination angle of lower part of fronta squama m-g-i  75

图3-103 前囟角Ⅰ的测量Bregmatic angle from glabella Ⅰ  76

图3-104 前囟角Ⅱ的测量Bregmatic angle from nasion Ⅱ  76

图3-105 枕角的测量Occipital angle  77

图3-106 人字点-枕外隆凸点角的测量Lambda-inion angle  77

图3-107 大孔后缘点-枕外隆凸点角的测量Opisthion-inion angle  78

图3-108 枕骨大孔倾角的测量Neigungswinkel des foramen magnum  78

图3-109 总面角的测量Total facial angle  79

图3-110 中面角Ⅰ的测量Nasal prognathism Ⅰ  79

图3-111 中面角Ⅱ的测量Nasal prognathism Ⅱ  80

图3-112 齿槽面角Ⅰ的测量Alveolar prognathism Ⅰ  80

图3-113 齿槽面角Ⅱ的测量Alveolar prognathism Ⅱ  81

图3-114 鼻梁侧角的测量Profilwinkel des nasendaches  81

图3-115 下颌侧面角Ⅰ的测量Profilwinkel des unterkiefers Ⅰ  82

图3-116 下颌侧面角Ⅱ的测量Profilwinkel des unterkiefers Ⅱ  82

图3-117 下颌侧面角Ⅲ的测量Profilwinkel des unterkiefers Ⅲ  83

第四部分 脊柱和上肢骨的测量The measurements of vertebral column and upper limb图4-1 寰椎矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of atlas  87

图4-2 寰椎全宽的测量Total transverse diameter of atlas  87

图4-3 寰椎椎孔矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral for-amen of atlas  88

图4-4 寰椎椎孔横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of vertebral foramen of atlas  88

图4-5 枢椎齿突高的测量Height of odontoid process of axis  89

图4-6 枢椎全高的测量Total height of axis  89

图4-7 枢椎椎体高的测量Height of vertebral body of axis  90

图4-8 枢椎椎孔矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral for-amen of axis  90

图4-9 枢椎椎孔横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of vertebral foramen of axis  91

图4-10 枢椎矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of axis  91

图4-11 枢椎全宽的测量Total transverse diameter of axis  92

图4-12 椎体前高的测量Anterior height of vertebral body  92

图4-13 椎体后高的测量Posterior height of vertebral body  93

图4-14 椎体中心高的测量Middle height of vertebral body  93

图4-15 椎体上矢状径的测量Upper antero-posterior diameter of vertebral body  94

图4-16 椎体下矢状径的测量Lower antero-Posterior diameter of vertebral body  94

图4-17 椎体中部矢状径的测量Middle antero-Posterior diameter of verte-bral body  95

图4-18 椎体上部横径的测量Upper transverse diameter of vertebral body  95

图4-19 椎体下部横径的测量Lower transverse diameter of vertebral body  96

图4-20 椎体中部横径的测量Middle transverse diameter of vertebral body  96

图4-21 椎孔矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral foramen  97

图4-22 椎孔横径的测量Transverse diameter of vertebral foramen  97

图4-23 棘突上缘倾角的测量Kranialer neigungswinkel der dornfortsatze der vertebra  98

图4-24 棘突下缘倾角的测量Kaudaler neigungswinkel der dornfortsatze der vertebra  98

图4-25 骶骨弧的测量Mid-ventral curved length of sacrum  99

图4-26 骶骨前弦长的测量Mid-ventral straight length of sacrum  99

图4-27 骶骨上部弧的测量Upper curved length of sacrum  100

图4-28 骶骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of sacrum  100

图4-29 骶骨弧高的测量Maximum arch height of sacrum  101

图4-30 骶骨中部弧的测量Middle curved length of sacrum  101

图4-31 骶骨中部宽的测量Middle breadth of sacrum  102

图4-32 骶骨翼长的测量Length of ala of sacrum  102

图4-33 骶骨上面宽的测量Upper breadth of sacrum  103

图4-34 骶骨上面后宽的测量Posterior upper breadth of sacrum  103

图4-35 骶骨耳状面长的测量Length of facies auricularis of sacrum  104

图4-36 骶骨耳状面宽的测量Breadth of facies auricularis of sacrum  104

图4-37 骶管上口矢状径的测量Upper antero-Posterior diameter of sacral canal  105

图4-38 骶管上口横径的测量Upper transverse diameter of sacral canal  105

图4-39 骶骨底正中矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of sacral basis  106

图4-40 骶骨底横径的测量Transverse diameter of sacral basis  106

图4-41 骶前孔间宽的测量Breadth of anterior sacral formaina  107

图4-42 骶骨岬角的测量Promontary angle of sacrum  107

图4-43 胸骨全长的测量Total length of sternum  108

图4-44 胸骨柄长的测量Length of sternal manubrium  108

图4-45 胸骨体长的测量Length of sternal body  109

图4-46 胸骨柄最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of sternal manubrium  109

图4-47 胸骨柄最小宽的测量Minimum breadth of sternal manubrium  110

图4-48 胸骨体最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of sternal body  110

图4-49 胸骨柄最大厚的测量Maximum thickness of sternal manubrium  111

图4-50 胸骨体最大厚的测量Maximum thickness of sternal body  111

图4-51 肋骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of rib  112

图4-52 肋骨厚的测量Thickness of rib body  112

图4-53 肋骨弧的测量Arc length of rib  113

图4-54 肋骨弦的测量Maximum antero-Posterior diameter of rib  113

图4-55 锁骨最大长的测量Maximum length of clavicle  114

图4-56 锁骨骨干曲度高Ⅰ的测量H?he der diaphysenkrümmung der clavicula Ⅰ  114

图4-57 锁骨骨干曲度高Ⅱ的测量H?he der diaphysenkrümmung der clavicula Ⅱ  115

图4-58 锁骨干弦长的测量L?nge der sehne der diaphysen  115

图4-59 锁骨骨干中部高的测量Height of clavicle at mid-point  116

图4-60 锁骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of clavicle at midpoint  116

图4-61 锁骨骨干中部周的测量Ci rcumference of clavicle at mid-point  117

图4-62 锁骨骨干最小宽的测量Minimum width of clavicle  117

图4-63 肩胛骨形态宽的测量Morphological breadth of scapu la  118

图4-64 肩胛骨形态长的测量Morphological length of scapula  118

图4-65 肩胛骨长的测量Length of scapula  119

图4-66 肩胛骨腋缘长的测量Length of margo axillaris of scapula  119

图4-67 肩胛骨上缘长的测量Length of margo superior of scapula  120

图4-68 冈下窝高的测量Breadth of infraspinous fossa  120

图4-69 冈上窝高的测量Breadth of supraspinous fossa  121

图4-70 肩胛冈长的测量Length of scapular spine  121

图4-71 肩胛冈根部长的测量Length of basis spine  122

图4-72 肩峰宽的测量Breadth of acromion  122

图4-73 肩峰长的测量Length of acromion  123

图4-74 喙突长的测量Length of coracoid process  123

图4-75 关节盂长的测量Length of glaniod cavity of scapula  124

图4-76 关节盂宽的测量Breadth of glaniod cavity of scapula  124

图4-77 关节盂深的测量Depth of glaniod cavity of scapula  125

图4-78 肱骨最大长的测量Maximum Length of humerus  125

图4-79 肱骨全长的测量All Length of humerus  126

图4-80 肱骨上端宽的测量Breadth of proximal epiPhysis of humerus  126

图4-81 肱骨下端宽的测量Breadth of distal epiPhysis of humerus  127

图4-82 肱骨骨干中部最大径的测量Maximum diameter of humerus at middle  127

图4-83 肱骨骨干中部最小径的测量Minimum diameter of humerus at middle  128

图4-84 肱骨骨干中部模径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of humerus at middle  128

图4-85 肱骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of humerus at middle  129

图4-86 肱骨骨干最小周的测量Least circumference of diaphysis of humerus  129

图4-87 肱骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of diaphysis of humerus at middle  130

图4-88 肱骨头周的测量Circumference of head of humerus  130

图4-89 肱骨头横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of head of humerus  131

图4-90 肱骨头纵径的测量Maximum sagittal diameter of head of humerus  131

图4-91 肱骨滑车宽的测量Breadth of trochlea of humerus  132

图4-92 肱骨滑车和小头宽的测量Breadth of capitulum and trochlea of humerus  132

图4-93 肱骨滑车矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of trochlea of humerus  133

图4-94 鹰嘴窝宽的测量Breadth of olecranon fossa of humerus  133

图4-95 鹰嘴窝深的测量Depth of olecranon fossa of humerus  134

图4-96 肱骨髁干角的测量Condylo-diaphyseal angle of humerus  134

图4-97 肱骨头干角的测量Capito-diaphyseal angle of humerus  135

图4-98 肱骨扭转角的测量Angle of torsion of humerus  135

图4-99 桡骨生理长的测量Physiological length of radius  136

图4-100 桡骨最大长的测量Maximum length of radius  136

图4-101 桡骨骨干最小周的测量Least circumference of distal half of radius  137

图4-102 桡骨骨干横径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of radius  137

图4-103 桡骨骨干矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of radius  138

图4-104 桡骨骨干中部横径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of radius at middle  138

图4-105 桡骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of radius at middle  139

图4-106 桡骨小头横径的测量Transverse diameter of capitulum of radius  139

图4-107 桡骨小头矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of capitulum of radius  140

图4-108 桡骨颈横径的测量Transverse diameter of Reck of radius  140

图4-109 桡骨颈矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of neck of radius  141

图4-110 桡骨颈周的测量Circumference of neck of radius  141

图4-111 桡骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of shaft of radius  142

图4-112 桡骨下端宽的测量Breadth of distal epiphysis of radius  142

图4-113 桡骨颈干角的测量Collo-diaphyseal angle of radius  143

图4-114 尺骨最大长的测量Maximum length of ulna  143

图4-115 尺骨生理长的测量Physiological length of ulna  144

图4-116 鹰嘴小头长的测量Length of olecranon and head of ulna  144

图4-117 尺骨骨干最小周的测量Least circumference of shaft of ulna  145

图4-118 尺骨骨干矢状径的测量Sagittal diameter of shaft of ulna at the upper third  145

图4-119 尺骨骨干横径的测量Transverse diameter of shaft of ulna at the upper third  146

图4-120 尺骨上部横径的测量Superior transverse diameter of ulna  146

图4-121 尺骨上部矢状径的测量Superior sagittal diameter of ulna  147

图4-122 鹰嘴宽的测量Breadth of olecranon  147

图4-123 鹰嘴深的测量Depth of olecranon  148

图4-124 鹰嘴高的测量Height of olecranon  148

图4-125 鹰嘴-冠突间距的测量Length of olecranon-coronoid process of ulna  149

图4-126 尺骨冠突上关节面桡侧部前宽的测量Anterior breadth of radial notch and coronoid process of Ulna  149

图4-127 尺骨冠突上关节面桡侧部后宽的测量Posterior breadth of radial notch and coronoid process of Ulna  150

图4-128 肘关节轴角的测量(同尺骨角)Ulnar-winkel  150

图4-129 手舟骨最大长的测量Maximum length of scaphoid bone  151

图4-130 手舟骨最大高的测量Maximum height of scaphoid bone  151

图4-131 手舟骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of scaphoid bone  152

图4-132 月骨长的测量Length of lunate bone  152

图4-133 月骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of lunate bone  153

图4-134 月骨最大高的测量Maximum height of lunate bone  153

图4-135 大多角骨最大长的测量Maximum length of trapezium bone  154

图4-136 大多角骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of trapezium bone  154

图4-137 大多角骨最大高的测量Maximum height of trapezium bone  155

图4-138 掌骨长的测量Length of metacarpal bone  155

图4-139 指骨长的测量Length of phalanx  156

第五部分 骨盆、髋骨和游离下肢骨的测量The measurements of pelvis,os coxae and lower limb图5-1 骨盆最大高的测量Maximum height of pelvis  159

图5-2 骨盆最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of pelvis  159

图5-3 骨盆外矢状径的测量External conjugate diameter of pelvis  160

图5-4 髋骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of os coxae  160

图5-5 髂前上棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of anterior superior iliac spine  161

图5-6 髂前下棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of ante rior inferior iliac spine  161

图5-7 髂后上棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of posterior superior iliac spine  162

图5-8髂后下棘间宽的测量Interspinous diameter of poste rior inferior iliac spine  162

图5-9 髋臼间宽的测量Breadth of left and right acetabular center  163

图5-10 坐骨棘间宽的测量Breadth of left and right ischial spine  163

图5-11 髂骨高的测量Height of ilium  164

图5-12 髂翼高的测量Height of ala of ilium  164

图5-13 髂窝深的测量Depth of iliac fossa  165

图5-14 髂骨宽的测量Breadth of ilium  165

图5-15 髂骨最小宽的测量Minimum breadth of ilium  166

图5-16 髂翼宽的测量Breadth of ala of ilium  166

图5-17 髋臼耻联宽的测量Breadth of acetabular fossa and symphysial surface  167

图5-18 最大坐耻径的测量Maximum ischio-pubic diameter  167

图5-19 坐骨长Ⅰ的测量Ischium length Ⅰ  168

图5-20 坐骨长Ⅱ的测量Ischium length Ⅱ  168

图5-21 坐骨长Ⅲ的测量Ischium length Ⅲ  169

图5-22 耻骨长Ⅰ的测量Pubis length Ⅰ  169

图5-23 耻骨长Ⅱ的测量Pubis length Ⅱ  170

图5-24 耻骨长Ⅲ的测量Pubis length Ⅲ  170

图5-25 耻骨联合高的测量Height of pubic symphysis  171

图5-26 闭孔长的测量Length of obturator foramen  171

图5-27 闭孔宽的测量Breadth of obturator foramen  172

图5-28 髋臼最大径的测量Maximum diameter of acetabulum  172

图5-29 耳状面最大长的测量Maximum length of auricular surface  173

图5-30 骨盆入口矢状径的测量Diameter of obstetric conjugata  173

图5-31 骨盆中矢状径的测量Normal-conjugata  174

图5-32 骨盆下矢状径的测量Unterer sagittaler durehmesser des kleinen Beckens  174

图5-33 骨盆入口横径的测量Querdurchmesser des beckeneinganges  175

图5-34 骨盆入口斜径的测量Schrager durechmesser des beckene inganges  175

图5-35 骨盆下骶耻径的测量Sagittaler durechmesser des beckenenge  176

图5-36 骨盆出口横径的测量Querdurchmesser des beckenausganges  176

图5-37 小骨盆侧高的测量Seitliche H?he des kleinen beckens  177

图5-38 小骨盆前高的测量Vordere H?he des kleinen beckens  177

图5-39 坐骨大切迹宽的测量Breadth of greater sciatic notch  178

图5-40 坐骨大切迹深的测量Depth of greater sciatic notch  178

图5-41 耻骨下角的测量Sub-pubic angle  179

图5-42 骨盆倾角的测量Inclination angle of pelvis  179

图5-43 骶骨倾角的测量Sakralneigungswinkel  180

图5-44 股骨最大长的测量Maximum length of femur  180

图5-45 股骨全长的测量Bicondylar length of femUr  181

图5-46 股骨转子内髁长的测量Length of trochanter and medial condyle  181

图5-47 股骨转子全长的测量Trochanterlange in sogenannter naturlicher stellung  182

图5-48 股骨转子外髁长的测量Trochanter-lateral condyle length  182

图5-49 股骨骨干长的测量Length of shaft of femur  183

图5-50 股骨骨干中部矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of femur at middle  183

图5-51 股骨骨干中部横径的测量Transverse diameter of femru at middle  184

图5-52 股骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of femoral shaft at middle  184

图5-53 股骨骨干上部横径的测量Maximum transverse diameter of subtro-chanteric flattening of femur  185

图5-54 股骨骨干上部矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of subtro-chanteric flattening of femur  185

图5-55 股骨骨干下部最小矢状径的测量Minimum anter-posterior diem-eter of inferior shaft of femur  186

图5-56 股骨骨干下部横径的测量Transverse diameter of inferior shaft of femur  186

图5-57 股骨上端宽的测量Superior breadth of shaft of femur  187

图5-58 股骨颈头前长的测量Vordere collum-und caputl?nge des femur  187

图5-59 股骨头垂直径的测量Vertical diameter of femoral head  188

图5-60 股骨头矢状径的测量Antero-posterior diameter of femoral head  188

图5-61 股骨头周的测量Circumference of femoral head  189

图5-62 股骨颈垂直径的测量Vertical diameter of neck of femur  189

图5-63 股骨颈矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of neck of femUr  190

图5-64 股骨颈周的测量Circumference of neck of femur  190

图5-65 股骨上髁宽的测量Epicondylar breadth of femur  191

图5-66 股骨外侧髁长的测量Length of lateral condyle of femur  191

图5-67 股骨内侧髁长的测量Length of medial condyle of femur  192

图5-68 股骨外侧髁高的测量Height of lateral condyle of femur  192

图5-69 股骨内侧髁高的测量Height of medial condyle of femur  193

图5-70 股骨骨干弦长的测量Chord of shaft of femur  193

图5-71 股骨颈干角的测量Collo-diaphyseal angle of femur  194

图5-72 股骨髁干角的测量Condyto-diaphyseal angle of femur  194

图5-73 股骨扭转角的测量Angle of torsion of femur  195

图5-74 髌骨最大高的测量Maximum height of patel la  195

图5-75 髌骨最大宽的测量Maximum breadth of patella  196

图5-76 髌骨最大厚的测量Maximum thickness of patella  196

图5-77 髌骨关节面高的测量Height of anticula surface of patella  197

图5-78 髌骨内侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of medial anticular surface of patella  197

图5-79 髌骨外侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of lateral anticular surface of patella  198

图5-80 胫骨最大长的测量Maximum length of tibia  198

图5-81 胫骨全长的测量Length of lateral condyle and medial mal leolus of tibia  199

图5-82 胫骨长的测量Length of medial condyle and medial malleolus of tibia  199

图5-83 胫骨生理长的测量Physiological length of tibia  200

图5-84 胫骨髁踝长的测量Condylo-malleolar length of tibia  200

图5-85 胫骨上端宽的测量Proximal epiphyseal breadth of tibia  201

图5-86 胫骨上内侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of superior medial anticular surface of tibia  201

图5-87 胫骨上外侧关节面宽的测量Breadth of superior lateral anticular surface of tibia  202

图5-88 胫骨上内侧关节面矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of superior medial anticular surface of tibia  202

图5-89 胫骨上外侧关节面矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of superior lateral anticular surface of tibia  203

图5-90 胫骨粗隆处最大矢状径的测量Maximun anterior-posterior diam-eter of tuberosity of tibia  203

图5-91 胫骨粗隆处横径的测量Maximun transverse diameter of tuberosity of tibia  204

图5-92 胫骨中部最大径的测量Maximum diameter of tibia at middle  204

图5-93 胫骨中部横径的测量Transverse diameter of tibia at middle  205

图5-94 胫骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference of tibia at middle  205

图5-95 胫骨骨干最小周的测量Least Circumference of tibia shaft  206

图5-96 滋养孔处横径的测量Transverse diameter of tibia at level of nutrient foramen  206

图5-97 滋养孔处矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of tibia at level of nutrient foramen  207

图5-98 胫骨下端宽的测量Breadth of distal epiphysis of tibia  207

图5-99 胫骨下端矢状径的测量Anterior-posterior diameter of distal epi-physis of tibia  208

图5-100 胫骨骨干弦长的测量L?nge der Schaftsehne der tibia  208

图5-101 胫骨骨干曲度高的测量H?he der schaftkrümmung der tibia  209

图5-102 胫骨后倾角的测量Retroversionswinkel der tibia  209

图5-103 胫骨倾斜角的测量lnklinationswinkel der tibia  210

图5-104 胫骨扭转角的测量Angle of torsion of tibia  210

图5-105 腓骨最大长的测量Maximum length of fibula  211

图5-106 腓骨小头外踝长的测量Length of apex of fibular head and lateral malleolar fossa  211

图5-107 腓骨中部最大径的测量Maximum diameter of fibula at middle  212

图5-108 腓骨中部最小径的测量Minimum diameter of fibula at middle  212

图5-109 腓骨骨干中部周的测量Circumference diameter of fibula at middle  213

图5-110 腓骨上端宽的测量Superior breadth of fibula  213

图5-111 腓骨下端宽的测量Inferior breadth of fibula  214

图5-112 跟骨最大长的测量Maximum length of calcaneus  214

图5-113 跟骨全长的测量Ganze l?nge des caleaneus  215

图5-114 跟骨中部宽的测量Mittlere breite des caleaneus  215

图5-115 跟骨最小宽的测量Kleinste Breite des corpus caleanei  216

图5-116 跟骨高的测量H?he des caleaneus  216

图5-117 跟骨最小高的测量Minimum height of calcaneus  217

图5-118 跟骨后距关节面偏转角的测量Ablenkungswinkel der facies articularis dorsal is calcanei  217

图5-119 距骨长的测量Length of talus  218

图5-120 距骨宽的测量Projected breadth of talus  218

图5-121 距骨高的测量Mid-trochlear height of talus  219

图5-122 后跟关节面偏转角的测量Ablenkungswinkel der facies articularis calcanea dorsalis des talus  219

图5-123 距骨颈偏转角的测量Ablenkungswinkel des collum tali  220

图5-124 距骨头扭转角的测量Torsionswinkel des caput tali  220

图5-125 足舟骨宽的测量Breadth of navicular bone  221

图5-126 足舟骨高的测量Height of navicular bone  221

图5-127 足舟骨最大前后径的测量Maximun anterior-posterior diameter of navicular bone  222

图5-128 骰骨内侧长的测量Medial length of cuboid bone  222

图5-129 骰骨外侧长的测量Lateral length of cuboid bone  223

图5-130 第一跖骨长的测量Length of 1st metatarsal bone  223

图5-131 (第二至第五)跖骨长的测量Length of 2nd-5th metatarsal bone  224

图5-132 跖骨体宽的测量Breadth of shaft of metatarsal bone  224

图5-133 跖骨体高的测量Height of metatarsal bone  225

图5-134 趾骨长的测量Length of phalanx  225

图5-135 趾骨宽的测量Breadth of phalanx  226

图5-136 趾骨体高的测量Height of shaft of phalanx  226

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