计算物理学导论 英文版PDF电子书下载

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Computation and science 1

1.2 The emergence of modern computers 2

1.3 Computer algorithms and languages 4

2 Basic numerical methods 11

2.1 Interpolations and approximations 11

2.2 Differentiation and integration 25

2.3 Zeros and extremes of a single-variable function 31

2.4 Classical scattering 39

2.5 Random number generators 45

3 Ordinary differential equations 55

3.1 Initial-value problems 56

3.2 The Euler and Picard methods 56

3.3 Predictor-corrector methods 58

3.4 The Runge-Kutta method 60

3.5 Chaotic dynamics of a driven pendulum 63

3.6 Boundary-value and eigenvalue problems 67

3.7 The shooting method 69

3.8 Linear equations and the Sturm-Liouville problem 74

3.9 The one-dimensional Schrodinger equation 79

4 Numerical methods for matrices 88

4.1 Matrices in physics 88

4.2 Basic matrix operations 91

4.3 Linear equation systems 93

4.4 Zeros and extremes of a multivariable function 103

4.5 Eigenvalue problems 107

4.6 The Faddeev-Leverrier method 116

4.7 Electronic structure of atoms 117

4.8 The Lanczos algorithm and the many-body problem 120

4.9 Random matrices 122

5 Spectral analysis and Gaussian quadrature 127

5.1 The Fourier transform and orthogonal functions 128

5.2 The discrete Fourier transform 129

5.3 The fast Fourier transform 132

5.4 The power spectrum of a driven pendulum 137

5.5 The Fourier transform in higher dimensions 139

5.6 Wavelet analysis 140

5.7 Special functions 148

5.8 Gaussian quadrature 153

6 Partial differential equations 158

6.1 Partial differential equations in physics 158

6.2 Separation of variables 159

6.3 Discretization of the equation 163

6.4 The matrix method for difference equations 165

6.5 The relaxation method 170

6.6 Groundwater dynamics 173

6.7 Initial-value problems 178

6.8 Temperature field of nuclear waste storage facilities 181

7 Molecular dynamics simulations 186

7.1 General behavior of a classical system 186

7.2 Basic methods for many-body systems 188

7.3 The Verlet algorithm 192

7.4 Structure of atomic clusters 197

7.5 The Gear predictor-corrector method 200

7.6 Constant pressure， temperature， and bond length 202

7.7 Structure and dynamics of real materials 208

7.8 Ab initio molecular dynamics 212

8 Modeling continuous systems 219

8.1 Hydrodynamic equations 219

8.2 The basic finite element method 221

8.3 The Ritz variational method 226

8.4 Higher-dimensional systems 230

8.5 The finite element method for nonlinear equations 234

8.6 The particle-in-cell method 236

8.7 Hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics 241

8.8 The Boltzmann lattice-gas method 244

9 Monte Carlo simulations 250

9.1 Sampling and integration 250

9.2 The Metropolis algorithm 253

9.3 Applications in statistical physics 260

9.4 Critical slowing down and block algorithms 265

9.5 Variational quantum Monte Carlo simulations 267

9.6 Green’s function Monte Carlo simulations 272

9.7 Path-integral Monte Carlo simulations 276

9.8 Quantum lattice models 278

10 Numerical renormalization 286

10.1 The scaling concept 286

10.2 Renormalization transform 289

10.3 Critical phenomena： The Ising model 291

10.4 Renormalization with Monte Carlo simulation 295

10.5 Crossover： The Kondo problem 296

10.6 Quantum lattice renormalization 300

10.7 Density matrix renormalization 304

11 Symbolic computing 309

11.1 Symbolic computing systems 309

11.2 Basic symbolic mathematics 311

11.3 Computer calculus 313

11.4 Linear systems 315

11.5 Nonlinear systems 318

11.6 Differential equations 320

11.7 Computer graphics 324

11.8 Dynamics of a flying sphere 326

12 High-performance computing 332

12.1 The basic concept 332

12.2 High-performance computing systems 334

12.3 Parallelism and parallel computing 337

12.4 Data parallel programming 341

12.5 Distributed computing and message passing 349

12.6 Some current applications 354

References 357

Index 367