THE Feynman IECTURES ON PHYSICS VOLUMEⅢPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1.QUANTUM BEHAVIOR 1

1-1 Atomic mechanics 1

1-2 An experiment with bullets 1

1-3 An experiment with waves 3

1-4 An experiment with electrons 4

1-5 The interference of electron waves 5

1-6 Watching the electrons 6

1-7 First principles of quantum mechanics 9

1-8 The uncertainty principle 11

CHAPTER 2.THE RELATION OF WAVE AND PARTICLE VIEWPOINTS 12

2-1 Probability wave amplitudes 12

2-2 Measurement of position and momentum 13

2-3 Crystal diffraction 15

2-4 The size of an atom 16

2-5 Energy levels 18

2-6 Philosophical implications 19

CHAPTER 3.PROBABILITY AMPLITUDES 22

3-1 The laws for combining amplitudes 22

3-2 The two-slit interference pattern 26

3-3 Scattering from a crystal 28

3-4 Identical particles 30

CHAPTER 4.IDENTICAL PARTICLES 34

4-1 Bose particles and Fermi particles 34

4-2 States with two Bose particles 36

4-3 States with n Bose particles 39

4-4 Emission and absorption of photons 40

4-5 The blackbody spectrum 41

4-6 Liquid helium 45

4-7 The exclusion principle 45

CHAPTER 5.SPIN ONE 49

5-1 Filtering atoms with a Stern-Gerlach apparatus 49

5-2 Experiments with filtered atoms 53

5-3 Stern-Gerlach filters in series 54

5-4 Base states 56

5-5 Interfering amplitudes 58

5-6 The machinery of quantum mechanics 60

5-7 Transforming to a different base 63

5-8 Other situations 64

CHAPTER 6.SPIN ONE-HALF 66

6-1 Transforming amplitudes 66

6-2 Transforming to a rotated coordinate system 68

6-3 Rotations about the z-axis 71

6-4 Rotations of 180° and 90° about y 74

6-5 Rotations about x 76

6-6 Arbitrary rotations 77

CHAPTER 7.THE DEPENDENCE OF AMPLITUDES ON TIME 80

7-1 Atoms at rest； stationary states 80

7-2 Uniform motion 82

7-3 Potential energy； energy conservation 85

7-4 Forces； the classical limit 88

7-5 The “precession” of a spin one-half particle 89

CHAPTER 8.THE HAMILTONIAN MATRIX 93

8-1 Amplitudes and vectors 93

8-2 Resolving state vectors 95

8-3 What are the base states of the world？ 97

8-4 How states change with time 99

8-5 The Hamiltonian matrix 102

8-6 The ammonia molecule 103

CHAPTER 9.THE AMMONIA MASER 107

9-1 The states of an ammonia molecule 107

9-2 The molecule in a static electric field 111

9-3 Transitions in a time-dependent field 115

9-4 Transitions at resonance 117

9-5 Transitions off resonance 119

9-6 The absorption of light 120

CHAPTER 10.OTHER TWO-STATE SYSTEMS 122

10-1 The hydrogen molecular ion 122

10-2 Nuclear forces 127

10-3 The hydrogen molecule 129

10-4 The benzene molecule 131

10-5 Dyes 133

10-6 The Hamiltonian of a spin one-half particle in a magnetic field 133

10-7 The spinning electron in a magnetic field 136

CHAPTER 11.MORE TWO-STATE SYSTEMS 139

11-1 The Pauli spin matrices 139

11-2 The spin matrices as operators 143

11-3 The solution of the two-state equations 146

11-4 The polarization states of the photon 147

11-5 The neutral K-meson 150

11-6 Generalization to N-state systems 159

CHAPTER 12.THE HYPERFINE SPLITTING IN HYDROGEN 163

12-1 Base states for a system with two spin one-half particles 163

12-2 The Hamiltonian for the ground state of hydrogen 165

12-3 The energy levels 169

12-4 The Zeeman splitting 171

12-5 The states in a magnetic field 174

12-6 The projection matrix for spin one 176

CHAPTER 13.PROPAGATION IN A CRYSTAL LATTICE 179

13-1 States for an electron in a one-dimensional lattice 179

13-2 States of definite energy 181

13-3 Time-dependent states 184

13-4 An electron in a three-dimensional lattice 185

13-5 Other states in a lattice 186

13-6 Scattering from imperfections in the lattice 188

13-7 Trapping by a lattice imperfection 190

13-8 Scattering amplitudes and bound states 191

CHAPTER 14.SEMICONDUCTORS 192

14-1 Electrons and holes in semiconductors 192

14-2 Impure semiconductors 195

14-3 The Hall effect 198

14-4 Semiconductor junctions 199

14-5 Rectification at a semiconductor junction 201

14-6 The transistor 202

CHAPTER 15.THE INDEPENDENT PARTICLE APPROXIMATION 204

15-1 Spin waves 204

15-2 Two spin waves 207

15-3 Independent particles 209

15-4 The benzene molecule 210

15-5 More organic chemistry 213

15-6 Other uses of the approximation 215

CHAPTER 16.THE DEPENDENCE OF AMPLITUDES ON POSITION 217

16-1 Amplitudes on a line 217

16-2 The wave function 221

16-3 States of definite momentum 223

16-4 Normalization of the states in x 225

16-5 The Schrodinger equation 227

16-6 Quantized energy levels 230

CHAPTER 17.SYMMETRY AND CONSERVATION LAWS 233

17-1 Symmetry 233

17-2 Symmetry and conservation 235

17-3 The conservation laws 239

17-4 Polarized light 241

17-5 The disintegration of the A 0 243

17-6 Summary of the rotation matrices 247

CHAPTER 18.ANGULAR MOMENTUM 249

18-1 Electric dipole radiation 249

18-2 Light scattering 251

18-3 The annihilation of positronium 253

18-4 Rotation matrix for any spin 257

18-5 Measuring a nuclear spin 261

18-6 Composition of angular momentum 262

18-7 Added Note 1：Derivation of the rotation matrix 267

18-8 Added Note 2：Conservation of parity in photon emission 270

CHAPTER 19.THE HYDROGEN ATOM AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 271

19-1 Schrodinger’s equation for the hydrogen atom 271

19-2 Spherically symmetric solutions 272

19-3 States with an angular dependence 276

19-4 The general solution for hydrogen 280

19-5 The hydrogen wave functions 282

19-6 The periodic table 283

CHAPTER 20.OPERATORS 289

20-1 Operations and operators 289

20-2 Average energies 291

20-3 The average energy of an atom 294

20-4 The position operator 296

20-5 The momentum operator 297

20-6 Angular momentum 302

20-7 The change of averages with time 303

CHAPTER 21. THE SCHRODINGER EQUATION IN A CLASSICAL CONTEXT：A SEMINAR ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 306

21-1 Schrodinger’s equation in a magnetic field 306

21-2 The equation of continuity for probabilities 308

21-3 Two kinds of momentum 309

21-4 The meaning of the wave function 311

21-5 Superconductivity 312

21-6 The Meissner effect 313

21-7 Flux quantization 315

21-8 The dynamics of superconductivity 317

21-9 The Josephson junction 319

CHAPTER34 The Magnetism of Matter 324

34-1 Diamagnetism and paramagnetism 324

34-2 Magnetic moments and angular momentum 326

34-3 The precession of atomic magnets 327

34-4 Diamagnetism 328

34-5 Larmor’s theorem 329

34-6 Classical physics gives neither diamagnetism nor paramagnetism 331

34-7 Angular momentum in quantum mechanics 331

34-8 The magnetic energy of atoms 334

CHAPTER35 Paramagnetism and Magnetic Resonance 336

35-1 Quantized magnetic states 336

35-2 The Stern-Gerlach experiment 338

35-3 The Rabi molecular-beam method 339

35-4 The paramagnetism of bulk materials 341

35-5 Cooling by adiabatic demagnetization 344

35-6 Nuclear magnetic resonance 345