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Perioperative Treatment 1

Chapter 1 Surgery Overview,Anesthesia and Asepsis Technique 1

Surgery Overview 1

Knowledge about Anesthesia 2

Aseptic Technique 6

Chapter 2 Basic Surgical Procedure 8

Basic Techniques 8

Operative Techniques 13

Surgical Anatomy"Pearls" 21

Operative Knowledge and Techniques 24

Chapter 3 Electrolyte Disturbance and Acid-Base Imbalance 28

Fluid Metabolism Imbalance 28

Acid-Base Imbalance 41

Blood Gas Analysis 48

Chapter 4 Blood Transfusion 53

The Indications of Blood Transfusion and Estimates 53

The Complications of Blood Transfusion 56

Basic Knowledge of Blood Transfusion 58

Chapter 5 Preoperative and Postoperative Management 64

Preoperative Preparation and Treatment 64

Fluid Compartments and Clinical Significance 66

Postoperative Electrolyte Disturbance 68

How to Count for Nutrition Treatment 69

Postoperative Treatment for Anesthesia and Surgery 75

Preoperative Examinations 77

Chapter 6 Surgical Infection 85

Outline 85

Mechanism of Action and Side Effects of Antibiotics 88

Appropriate Use of Antibiotics 89

Gas Gangrene 91

Urinary Tract Infection 92

Catheter-Associated Infection 93

Wound Infection 94

Pseudomembranous Colitis 95

Tetanus and Necrotizing Fasciitis 95

Abscess 97

Suppurative Hidradenitis 98

Furuncle and Carbuncle 98

Prevention of Infection 98

Chapter 7 Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 101

Shock and Classification 101

MODS and Organ Failure 105

Chapter 8 Preoperative Medication in General Surgery 110

Antibiotics Treatment for Perioperative Treatment 110

Other Medication 112

Chapter 9 Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Complications 116

Fever 116

Wound Infection and Dehiscence 117

Pulmonary Complications 119

DVT 125

Postoperative Jaundice 126

Complications Followed Gastrectomy 126

Pancreatitis 127

Diabetic Ketoacidosis 128

Cerebrovascular Accidents 128

Wound Infection and Dehiscence 130

Renal Failure 131

DIC 132

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome 133

Addisonian Crisis 134

Urinary Retention 135

Pseudomembranous Colitis 135

Others 136

Chapter 10 Intravenous Prescription and Surgical Nutrition 137

Fluid Therapy 137

How to Prescribe IV Injection 139

Nutritional Status and Deficiency 142

Total Parenteral Nutrition 144

Overload Injection and Hypovolaemia 146

Enteral Nutrition 147

General-Relevant Diseases 149

Chapter 11 Trauma and Abdominal Injury 149

Diagnosis and Treatment 149

Head and Neck Injury 156

Lung and Heart Injury 158

Abdominal Trauma 163

Vascular Injury 167

Miscellaneous Trauma Facts 168

Chapter 12 Burns and Environmental Damage 170

Definition and Physiology of Burn 170

Classification 171

Complications of Burns 174

Treatment 175

Burns due to Other Causes 178

Environmental Damage Altitude Sickness 180

Decompression Sickness 181

Sunstroke 182

Frostbite 182

Electrical Injuries 182

Dog Bites 183

Snake Bite 183

Bee Sting 184

Cat Bite 184

Chapter 13 Tumors and Surgical Oncology 185

General Outline 185

Diagnosis and Tumor marker 188

Treatment Methods 192

Cancer Prevention 203

Oncological Emergencies 204

Soft tissue Sarcoma 207

Lymphoma 210

Skin Lesions 212

Melanoma 214

Skin Tumor-like Lesions 219

Skin Graft 222

Desmoid Tumor 223

Cancer Metastasis 225

Tumor-Associated Syndrome 228

Pleural Effusion 229

Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules 230

Children Cancers 231

Chapter 14 Transplantation 232

Outline 232

Kidney Transplant 238

Liver Transplantation 239

Pancreas Transplantation 242

Intestinal Transplantation 243

Complications after Organ Transplantation 243

Neck Diseases 247

Chapter 15 Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease 247

Anatomy and Physiology 247

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 248

Goiter and Thyroiditis 250

Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid Crisis 255

Hypothyroidism 259

Thyroid Cancer 261

Parathyroid Disease 272

Surgery 272

Chapter 16 Differential Diagnosis of Neck Mass 278

Differential Diagnosis 278

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst 282

Cystic Hygroma 284

Branchiogenic Anomalies 285

Breast Diseases 291

Chapter 17 Breast Disease 291

Regional Anatomy 291

Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer 293

Clinical Presentation of Breast Cancer 293

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer 294

Surgery for Breast Cancer 299

Postoperative Complications 303

Hormonal Therapy 305

Special Types of Breast Cancer 308

Screening 312

Male Breast Cancer 313

Fibroadenoma and Phyllodes Tumor 314

Male Breast Disease 315

Other Breast Diseases 317

Differential Diagnosis of Breast Mass and Nipple Discharge 321

Acute Abdomen and Peritonitis 327

Chapter 18 Acute Abdomen and Peritonitis 327

Acute Abdomen 327

Peritonitis 332

Abdominal Paracentesis 336

Pneumoperitoneum 338

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome 339

Meconium Peritonitis 340

Gastrointestinal Diseases 345

Chapter 19 Gastroduodenal Diseases 345

Anatomy and Physiology 345

Peptic Ulcer 346

Benign Tumor and GIST 352

Diseases of Stomach 353

Gastric Cancer 354

Postoperative Complications 359

Duodenal Ulcers 361

Gastric Lymphoma 366

Duodenal Stricture 368

Obesity Surgery 369

Chapter 20 Intestinal Obstruction 373

General Outline 373

Small Bowel Obstruction 376

Pseudo-Obstruction and Ogilvie Syndrome 382

Large Bowel Obstruction 384

Meconium 384

Other GI Obstructions 386

Surgical Radiology 387

Chapter 21 Small Intestine Diseases 392

Applied Anatomy 392

Wilkie's Syndrome 394

Meckel's Diverticulum 395

Acute Necrotizing Enteritis 397

Small Bowel Tumor 398

Short Bowel Syndrome 408

Intestinal Tuberculosis 409

Intestinal Intussusception,Ameba and GI Tract Duplication 410

Mesenteric Vascular Disease 416

Special Postoperative Sequence of Small Resection 420

Chapter 22 Disease of Appendix 422

Appendicitis 422

Appendiceal Tumor 433

Chapter 23 Colon Disease 438

Regional Anatomy 438

Colon Cancer 438

Hirschsprung's Disease and Megacolon 447

Intestinal Malrotation 451

Bowel Volvulus 452

Colorectal Polyps and Adenoma 455

Gardner's Syndrome 458

Diverticular Disease of the Colon 460

Other Colonic Diseases 463

Intussusception 467

Intestinal Fistula 468

Ostomy and Fistula 472

Chapter 24 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 474

Crohn's Disease 476

Ulcerative Colitis 481

Chapter 25 Rectal Disease 485

Regional Anatomy 485

Incidence,Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Rectal Disease 486

Surgery for Rectal Cancer 488

Chapter 26 Anal Disease 495

Hemorrhoids 496

Anorectal Fistula and Abscess 499

Anal Fissure 502

Anal Canal Tumor 504

Fecal Continence 507

Rectal Proplapse 508

Liver,Bile Duct and Pancreas Diseases 515

Chapter 27 Liver Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension 515

Portal Hypertension 515

Hepatic Encephalopathy 522

Budd-Chiari Syndrome 525

Chapter 28 Liver Diseases 530

Anatomy 530

Classification of Liver Function 534

Liver Tumor 536

Benign Liver Tumor 543

Liver Abscess 546

Liver Cyst 549

Chapter 29 Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disease 558

Basic Knowledge 558

Gallbladder Diseases 563

Common Bile Duct 569

Cholangiocarcinoma 574

Jaundice 575

Surgical Procedure 577

Choledochal Cyst 577

Chapter 30 Pancreatic Diseases 588

Anatomy and Physiology 588

Pancreatitis 589

Pancreatic Abscess and Cyst 596

Pancreatic and Peri-Ampullary Carcinoma 600

Other Pancreatic Neoplasm 603

Surgical Procedures 608

Other Pancreatic Disease 611

Chapter 31 Spleen Diseases 614

Regional Anatomy and Function 614

Hypersplenism and Hyposplenism 615

Splenic Injury 616

Splenic Tumors 617

Splenic Abscess 618

Other Splenic Diseases 619

Surgical Indications and Complications for Splenectomy 621

Others 625

Chapter 32 Upper and Lower GI Bleeding 625

Upper GI Bleeding 627

Lower GI Bleeding 630

Chapter 33 Disease of Abdominal Wall,Omentum and Retroperitoneum 635

Mesenteric Ischemia 635

Vitello-Intestinal Duct Diseases 637

Rretroperitoneal Fibrosis 637

Mesenteric Cyst 639

Vesicourachal Diseases 641

Others 642

Chapter 34 Hernia 645

Groin Hernias 645

Inguinal Hernia Repair 649

Femoral Hernia 655

Miscellaneous Hernias 656

Chapter 35 Vascular Disease 663

Arterial Disease 663

Peripheral Vascular Disease 666

Chapter 36 Laboratory Values and Their Clinical Significance 690

Routine Examination Values and Their Values 690

Common Lab Examinations and their Clinical Significance 697

Chapter 37 Emergent Management of Acute Poisoning 701

Overview 701

Pesticide Poisoning 703

Rodenticide Poisoning 704

Paraquat Poisoning 704

Organophosphate Poisoning 705

Food Poisoning 706

Mushroom Poisoning 706

Nitrite Poisoning 707

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 707

Balloon Fish Poisoning 708

Acknowledgements 709

Reference 710