分布式系统概念与设计PDF电子书下载

1 CHARACTERIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 1

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Examples of distributed systems 3

1.3 Resource sharing and the Web 7

1.4 Challenges 16

1.5 Summary 25

2 SYSTEM MODELS 29

2.1 Introduction 30

2.2 Architectural models 31

2.3 Fundamental models 47

2.4 Summary 62

3 NETWORKING AND INTERNETWORKING 65

3.1 Introduction 66

3.2 Types of network 70

3.3 Network principles 73

3.4 Internet protocols 90

3.5 Network case studies: Ethernet, wireless LAN and ATM 110

3.6 Summary 121

4 INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION 125

4.1 Introduction 126

4.2 The API for the Internet protocols 127

4.3 External data representation and marshalling 138

4.4 Client-server communication 145

4.5 Group communication 153

4.6 Case study: interprocess communication in UNIX 158

4.7 Summary 161

5 DISTRIBUTED OBJECTS AND REMOTE INVOCATION 165

5.1 Introduction 166

5.2 Communication between distributed objects 169

5.3 Remote procedure call 183

5.4 Events and notifications 187

5.5 Java RMI case study 194

5.6 Summary 202

6 OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT 207

6.1 Introduction 208

6.2 The operating system layer 209

6.3 Protection 212

6.4 Processes and threads 214

6.5 Communication and invocation 231

6.6 Operating system architecture 242

6.7 Summary 246

7 SECURITY 251

7.1 Introduction 252

7.2 Overview of security techniques 261

7.3 Cryptographic algorithms 272

7.4 Digital signatures 282

7.5 Cryptography pragmatics 289

7.6 Case studies: Needham-Schroeder, Kerberos, SSL Millicent 291

7.7 Summary 307

8 DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS 309

8.1 Introduction 310

8.2 File service architecture 318

8.3 Sun Network File System 323

8.4 The Andrew File System 335

8.5 Recent advances 344

8.6 Summary 350

9 NAME SERVICES 353

9.1 Introduction 354

9.2 Name services and the Domain Name System 357

9.3 Directory and discovery services 371

9.4 Case study of the Global Name Service 374

9.5 Case study of the X.500 Directory Service 378

9.6 Summary 382

10 TIME AND GLOBAL STATES 385

10.1 Introduction 386

10.2 Clocks, events and process states 387

10.3 Synchronizing physical clocks 389

10.4 Logical time and logical clocks 397

10.5 Global states 400

10.6 Distributed debugging 409

10.7 Summary 416

11 COORDINATION AND AGREEMENT 419

11.1 Introduction 420

11.2 Distributed mutual exclusion 423

11.3 Elections 431

11.4 Multicast communication 436

11.5 Consensus and related problems 451

11.6 Summary 462

12 TRANSACTIONS AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL 465

12.1 Introduction 466

12.2 Transactions 469

12.3 Nested transactions 480

12.4 Locks 482

12.5 Optimistic concurrency control 497

12.6 Timestamp ordering 501

12.7 Comparison of methods for concurrency control 508

12.8 Summary 509

13 DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTIONS 515

13.1 Introduction 516

13.2 Flat and nested distributed transactions 516

13.3 Atomic commit protocols 519

13.4 Concurrency control in distributed transactions 528

13.5 Distributed deadlocks 531

13.6 Transaction recovery 539

13.7 Summary 549

14 REPLICATION 553

14.1 Introduction 554

14.2 System model and group communication 556

14.3 Fault-tolerant services 565

14.4 Highly available services 572

14.5 Transactions with replicated data 591

14.6 Summary 603

15 DISTRIBUTED MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS 607

15.1 Introduction 608

15.2 Characteristics of multimedia data 612

15.3 Quality of service management 614

15.4 Resource management 623

15.5 Stream adaptation 625

15.6 Case study: the Tiger video file server 627

15.7 Summary 632

16 DISTRIBUTED SHARED MEMORY 635

16.1 Introduction 636

16.2 Design and implementation issues 640

16.3 Sequential consistency and Ivy 649

16.4 Release consistency and Munin 657

16.5 Other consistency models 663

16.6 Summary 664

17 CORBA CASE STUDY 669

17.1 Introduction 670

17.2 CORBA RMI 671

17.3 CORBA services 688

17.4 Summary 695

18 MACH CASE STUDY 699

18.1 Introduction 700

18.2 Ports, naming and protection 703

18.3 Tasks and threads 705

18.4 Communication model 707

18.5 Communication implementation 710

18.6 Memory management 713

18.7 Summary 719

REFERENCES 723

INDEX 757