Corrosion for Science and Engineering 2nd edPDF电子书下载

1 Corrosion and society 1

1.1 The lessons of history 1

1.2 The expense of corrosion 5

1.3 Social implications of corrosion 8

1.4 Corrosion and the environment 17

1.5 Concluding remarks 19

1.6 References 19

1.7 Bibliography 21

2 Enabling theory for aqueous corrosion 23

2.1 Energy: the rule of law 23

2.2 Matters of substance 26

2.3 Processes in solution 31

2.4 Metals: might and blight 34

2.5 Metals in the melting pot 35

2.6 Defects in metal structures 37

2.7 Electrical science 39

2.8 Glossary 44

2.9 Worked examples 45

2.10 Problems 47

2.11 Bibliography 48

3 Practical aqueous corrosion 49

3.1 Common apparatus 49

3.2 The experiments 51

3.3 Discussion 65

4 The theory of aqueous corrosion 69

4.1 Thermodynamics of corrosion reactions 71

4.2 The basic wet corrosion cell 75

4.3 Standard electrode potentials 81

4.4 Reference electrodes 85

4.5 Cell potential 87

4.6 Kinetics of corrosion reactions 91

4.7 Polarisation 95

4.8 Diffusion processes and the double layer 100

4.9 Mixed potential theory 102

4.10 Pourbaix diagrams 106

4.11 Three-electrode cells and E/lg i plots 111

4.12 Polarisation curves 120

4.13 Electrochemical impedance 124

4.14 References 128

4.15 Bibliography 129

5 Dissimilar metal corrosion 130

5.1 The galvanic series 135

5.2 Corrosion quantification 139

5.3 References 143

5.4 Bibliography 143

6 Selective attack 144

6.1 Grain boundary corrosion 145

6.2 Intergranular corrosion 147

6.3 Selective leaching 151

6.4 Microbiologically induced corrosion 156

6.5 References 160

6.6 Bibliography 160

7 Crevice and pitting corrosion: concentration cells 162

7.1 The mechanism of crevice corrosion 165

7.2 Pitting corrosion 168

7.3 Differential-aeration corrosion 169

7.4 Electrochemical techniques 173

7.5 Material susceptibility 186

7.6 References 187

7.7 Bibliography 190

8 Flow-induced corrosion 191

8.1 Fluid flow 191

8.2 Cavitation 196

8.3 Bibliography 197

9 Enabling theory for environment-sensitive cracking 199

9.1 Elasticity: stress and strain 199

9.2 The tensile test 201

9.3 Stress concentration 203

9.4 Linear elastic fracture mechanics 205

9.5 Fatigue 209

9.6 Bibliography 213

10 Environment-sensitive cracking 214

10.1 Stress-corrosion cracking 218

10.2 Environment-sensitive cracking: initiation 221

10.3 Environment-sensitive cracking: propagation 223

10.4 Environment-sensitive cracking: practical aspects 228

10.5 Corrosion fatigue 231

10.6 References 237

10.7 Bibliography 239

11 Corrosion management 240

11.1 Corrosion control 242

11.2 Primary and secondary corrosion mechanisms 243

11.3 The people factor 248

11.4 Knowledge-based systems 251

11.5 Concluding remarks 254

11.6 References 254

11.7 Bibliography 255

12 Corrosion control by design 256

12.1 How long do I expect it to last? 257

12.2 The ever-changing environment 259

12.3 Minimise bimetallic corrosion cells 261

12.4 Avoid differential-aeration cells 264

12.5 Tanks and pipe systems 270

12.6 Stray current corrosion 273

12.7 References 277

12.8 Bibliography 278

13 Corrosion control by environmental change 279

13.1 Atmospheric corrosion 280

13.2 Control of atmospheric corrosion 282

13.3 Modification of the electrolyte 286

13.4 Control of aqueous environments 294

13.5 Soil as an environment 299

13.6 References 300

13.7 Bibliography 301

14 Corrosion control by coatings 302

14.1 Paint systems 304

14.2 Paint characteristics 306

14.3 Paint types 308

14.4 Paint failure 319

14.5 Painting costs 322

14.6 Plastic coatings 323

14.7 Concrete coatings 325

14.8 Metallic coatings 327

14.9 Methods of metallic coating 328

14.10 Behaviour of metallic coatings 329

14.11 References 335

14.12 Bibliography 335

15 Corrosion properties of some metallic materials 336

15.1 Plain carbon and low alloy steels 338

15.2 Stainless steels 341

15.3 Cast irons 347

15.4 Aluminium and its alloys 348

15.5 Copper and its alloys 351

15.6 Titanium 356

15.7 Nickel and its alloys 361

15.8 Applications in water systems 364

15.9 Selection of materials 371

15.10 References 373

15.11 Bibliography 373

16 Cathodic and anodic protection 375

16.1 Theoretical basis 375

16.2 Sacrificial anode design 380

16.3 Sacrificial anode applications 387

16.4 Impressed current protection 393

16.5 Impressed current applications 395

16.6 Anodic protection 403

16.7 References 404

16.8 Bibliography 405

17 Corrosion at elevated temperatures 406

17.1 Metal oxides 408

17.2 Breakaway corrosion 413

17.3 Growth of oxide films 416

17.4 Oxidation of alloys 419

17.5 Hot corrosion 423

17.6 References 426

17.7 Bibliography 426

18 Worked examples and problems 427

18.1 Worked examples 427

18.2 Problems 433

index 457