SOVEREIGN EQUALITY AND MORAL DISAGEREEMENT PREMISES OF A PLURALIST INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDERPDF电子书下载

1. A Different Sovereignty Discourse: Sovereign Equality as a Response to Disagreement 3

Ⅰ. Sovereignty Discourses 3

Ⅱ. Why Invoke the Language of Sovereignty? 6

Ⅲ. Neither Moral Relativism nor Natural Justice:Sovereignty Equality as a Legal Response to Moral Disagreement 11

Ⅳ. The Equal Sovereignty of Weak States 13

Ⅴ. Human Rights as a Shield， or a Sword? 15

Ⅵ. The Way Forward 17

2. The Project of International Legal Order 19

Introduction 19

Ⅰ. Moral and Practical Considerations in the Crafting of Legal Standards 23

Ⅱ. Moral and Practical Considerations in Adjudication of International Law 32

A. POSITIVISM， NATURALISM， AND THE SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 32

B. THE JURIDICAL ROLE 37

C. THE NATURE OF PUBLIC LAW 39

Ⅲ Moral Obligations to Comply with Existing International Law 42

A. THE OBLIGATION TO OBEY LAW AS SUCH 42

B. THE OBLIGATION TO OBEY INTERNATIONAL LAW AS SUCH 44

C. OVERCOMING THE PRESUMPTION: MORAL JUSTIFICATIONS FOR BREACH 50

Conclusion 52

3. The International Law of Sovereign Equality 53

Introduction 53

Ⅰ. The Many Meanings of Sovereignty 57

A. SOVEREIGNTY AS AN EMPIRICAL CONDITION 58

B. SOVEREIGNTY AS A POLICY IMPERATIVE 60

C. SOVEREIGNTY AND DOMESTIC LEGALITY 62

D. SOVEREIGNTY AND INTERNATIONAL LEGALITY: THE SOVEREIGN EQUALITY REGIME 67

Ⅱ. The Persistence of “Antiquated” Sovereignty Within International Law 69

A. THE RECOGNIZED SOURCES OF LAW 70

B. THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC LEGAL SYSTEMS 71

C. THE FUNDAMENTAL STRICTURE AGAINST COERCIVE INTERVENTION 77

Ⅲ Self-Determination and Non-Intervention 80

A. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY AND EFFECTIVE CONTROL 81

B. PEOPLES AND TERRITORIAL UNITS 85

Ⅳ. Assertions of Normative Hierarchy in International Law 88

Conclusion 91

4. Global Pluralism and Conflicting Political Moralities 93

Introduction 93

Ⅰ. The Elusive Consensus on Universal Norms 95

Ⅱ. Culture-Based Pluralisms 98

A. WALZER AND RAWLS 98

B. REJECTING CULTURE-BASED PLURALISM 100

Ⅲ. The Moral Justification of a Non-Culture-Based Pluralism 103

A. COLLECTIVE SELF-DETERMINATION AND MORAL DISAGREEMENT 103

B. THE MORAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STATE 107

1. Deontological Liberalism and the Moral Devaluation of the State 107

2. Compulsory Collective Decisions and the Conditions of Human Flourishing 111

3. Proliferating Rights， Clashing Duties， and Political Decisions 115

C. PLURALISM AT THE FAR END: POLITICAL CONFLICT AND THE PHYSICAL INTEGRITY OF THE PERSON 117

D. PATRIOTISM AND THE DUTY TO UPHOLD A COMMUNITY’S POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE 121

Ⅳ. Moral Disagreement as the Foundation of a Pluralist Global Order 124

A. THE MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF DISAGREEMENT 124

B. THE POLICY JUSTIFICATION OF A NON-CULTURE-BASED PLURALISM 126

C. THE LEGAL TERMS OF A BOUNDED PLURALISM 128

Conclusion 130

5. Reconciling the Non-Intervention Norm with the “Responsibility to Protect” 133

Introduction 133

Ⅰ. The Challenge to the Premises of the Charter Peace and Security System 135

Ⅱ. Rationalizing the Use of Force Outside the Charter Framework:Three Jurisprudential Approaches 143

A. BENDING THE LAW: POLICY-ORIENTED JURISPRUDENCE 144

B. BREAKING THE LAW: POSITIVISM FOR MORALISTS 151

C. HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AND THE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW 157

Ⅲ. Overselling the Responsibility to Protect: The Dangers of Disparaging Constraints on Empowered Moralism 162

Conclusion 167

6. Secessions， Coups， and the Effective Control Doctrine 169

Introduction 169

Ⅰ. Effective Control and the Assessment of Secession Questions 172

A. “RECOGNITION” AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STATUS: CONSTITUTIVE AND DECLARATORY APPROACHES 172

B. EFFECTIVITY AS AN ASPECT OF THE TRADITIONAL CRITERIA OF STATEHOOD 174

C. SELF-DETERMINATION OF PEOPLES IN NON-COLONIAL CONTEXTS 181

D. NONCONSENSUAL DISSOLUTION OF FEDERAL STATES:THE BADINTER IMPROVISATION 186

E. KOSOVO AND BEYOND: THE INEVITABILITY OF AD HOC RESPONSES TO SECESSION CRISES 193

Ⅱ. Effective Control and the International Status of Coup Regimes 200

A. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY， IDEOLOGICAL PLURALISM， AND THE EFFECTIVE CONTROL DOCTRINE 200

B. TOWARD A DOCTRINE OF GOVERNMENTAL ILLEGITIMACY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 205

The Haiti and Sierra Leone Cases 205

C. THE ANTI-COUP PROCLAMATIONS OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 208

D. THE NEW WAVE OF REJECTION OF COUP REGIMES: HONDURAS AND MADAGASCAR 213

Conclusion 218

THE DECLINE OF THE EFFECTIVE CONTROL DOCTRINE AND THE ABSENCE OF A COHERENT SUBSTITUTE 218

7. Coming to Terms with Ruthlessness: State Sovereignty and International Criminal Law in Domestic Courts 221

Introduction 221

Ⅰ. Impunity as a Dirty Word 224

Ⅱ. Championing Legality in a Ruthless World 229

Ⅲ. Law and Morality in Retrospective and Extraterritorial Prosecution 235

A. POSITIVISM， NATURALISM， AND THE RULE OF LAW 235

B. NULLUM CRIMEN SINE LEGE 241

C. JURISDICTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND IMMUNITY RATIONE MATERIAE 244

D. THE DOCTRINE OF STRICT INTERPRETATION (LENITY) 246

Ⅳ. Extraordinary Circumstances: Rule-of-Law Standards in Judging the Unrechtsstaat 252

Ⅴ. International Legality and the Criminalization of Ordinary Human Rights Violations 261

Conclusion 270

8. Concluding Observations: The Enduring Need for a Pluralist Global Legal Order 273

Introduction 273

Ⅰ. Eschewing Liberal-Democratic Norms as the Basis for Acknowledging State Authority 275

Ⅱ. Locating Anti-Impunity at the Periphery， Not the Core， of the International Legal Order 283

A Final Word 289

Table of Cases 291

Index 293