英汉翻译手册PDF电子书下载

Chapter Ⅰ. Prerequisites for Translation 1

Section Ⅰ. Importance of Translation 1

Section Ⅱ. Striving to be Both Red Expert 4

Be Dedicated to Work Good at Learning 4

Language Proficiency: A Prerequisite 4

Exposure to a Variety of Linguistic Experiences 5

Vital Importance of General Knowledge 6

Basic Training in 3 Essential Aspects 9

On Daching Oil-Workers Experience 11

Section Ⅰ. The Correct Approach to Translation 11

Chapter Ⅱ. Dialectical-Materialism in Translation 11

On Yen Fu s 3-Character Guide 12

Errors Resulting from a Liberal or a Mechanical Approach 16

Section Ⅱ. Unity of Content Form 18

Translation: A Very Complex Process 18

Accurate Comprehension: Foremost Concern; Adequate Representation: Crucial, Too 19

Views of Western Experts 21

Our Point of View 21

Chapter Ⅲ. Set Our Mind to the Task 23

The Gap can be Closed 23

A Chinese Word Can Be Used in Many Different Senses 24

Section Ⅰ. Analysis Handling of Some Familiar Words 24

An English Word Can Be Used in Many Different Senses 28

Unity of Accurate Comprehension and Adequate Representation 31

Section Ⅱ. Analysis Handling of Proper Nouns Articles in Translation 32

3 Rules on Translation of Proper Names 32

Cases Wherein the Article Is Omitted in E-C Translation (14 Examples) 36

Cases Wherein the Article Has to Be Translated (20 Examples) 37

Section Ⅲ. Analysis Handling of Some Idioms 40

Examples Showing the Rendition of Some Chinese Idioms 40

Differentiation of the Commendatory Term from the Derogatory 43

An Earnest Warning 44

Analysis Handling of Some English Idioms 45

Translation of Colloquial Expressions 49

Absorption of New Expressions 51

Chapter Ⅳ. An Analysis of Translation Techniques (C-E) 57

We Beg to Differ from Two Groups of People 57

What Is a Good Piece of Translation? 58

Translation Techniques Do Play a Helpful Role 59

List of the 8 Basic Translation Techniques 59

50-Odd Sentences Showing the Usefulness of Translation Techniques (C-E) 60

Section Ⅰ. Analysis of Subordination (“分清主从”) 64

5 Different Cases in Which Subordination Is Called for 64

Drill 70

Translation of Important Expressions 71

Section Ⅱ. Analysis of Diction (“选词用字”) 71

In Dealing with Idiomatic Chinese Expressions 81

In Dealing with Structural Words 88

In Using the Correct Singular or Plural Form of a Noun 90

Drill 91

Wording or Rewording of a Text 92

Drill 93

Section Ⅲ. Analysis of Amplification (“增益”) 94

By Supplying Necessary Words to Convey the Real Meaning of the Original 96

By Supplying Pronouns or Nouns 99

By Supplying the Necessary Connectives 99

By Supplying the Required Article 101

Drill 102

Section Ⅳ. Analysis of Omission (“省略法”) 103

Omission of The Recurring Object 103

Omission of the Recurring Verb , or Replacement of It by An Auxiliary V. 104

Omission for Better Economy in Words 105

Repetition as a Stylistic Device 107

Drill 108

Section Ⅴ. Analysis of Conversion (“转换”) 109

Vv. Converted into Nn. 111

Adjj. or Advv. Converted into Nn. 113

Adverbials Converted into Adj. Clauses 114

The Active Converted into the Passive 115

The Wide Use of the Passive in English 117

Drill 117

Section Ⅵ. Analysis of Inversion (“词序调整”) 119

Natural Order in Address, Designation, etc. 119

Natural Order of Adverbials 120

Negative Inversion 121

Order Inverted to Avoid Anti-Climax 122

Order Inverted to Ensure Clarity 124

Wrong Word Order Creates Confusion 125

Drill 126

Peculiarities in Negation 127

Section Ⅶ. Analysis of Negation (“正说反译，反说正译”) 127

The Affirmative vs. the Negative 129

The Use of English Words with Negative Implications 131

The Use of Double Negative for Emphasis 137

Drill 137

Section Ⅷ. Analysis of Division (“长句拆译”) in C-E 138

5 Cases Wherein Division Is Usu. Necessary and Desirable 139

Drill 147

Section Ⅸ. Question of Translatability or Untranslatability 149

Chapter Ⅴ. Applicability of C-E Translation Techniques to E-C Translation 155

Section Ⅰ. C-E Translation Techniques Are Applicable to E-C Translation 155

Omission in C-E vs. Amplification in E-C 156

1. Subordination in E-C 158

Subordination Is Often Not to Be Employed in Isolation 161

2. Diction in E-C 161

Be Mindful of Collocation in Chinese 162

Absorption of New English Expressions 164

Vital Importance of TERMINOLOGY 166

3. Amplification in E-C 170

5 Cases in Which Amplification Is Usu. Called for 170

4. Omission in E-C 175

6 Cases in Which Omission Is Usu. Called for 175

5. Conversion in E-C 178

Nouns in Eng. Converted into Verbs in Chinese 179

Adjj. , Prepp. , or Prepositional Phrases Usu. Converted into Vv. in Chinese 180

The Passive Converted into the Active 181

The Pron. Converted into the Substantive Word 182

6. Inversion in E-C 183

Subordinate Clause Usu. Placed before the Principal Clause 183

Cases Involving an Adverbial Which in Effect Means a Clause 183

Cases Involving a that- Clause Which Is Too Long 185

7. Negation in E-C 187

Grasp the Real Meaning from the Context 188

Implied Double Negative 189

8. Division in E-C 191

A Careful Analysis from 3 Different Angles 192

A Few Rules to Go by 193

Drill (on E-C Translation Techniques) 201

Drill (on Over-Worked Expressions) 204

Section Ⅱ. Analysis Handling of News-Items from Western Press 206

The Features of Western News Reports 206

A Typical Content-packed Sentence 209

There are Better Types of Newspaper English 212

The Usefulness of Reading Western Newspapers and Periodicals 213

On Sources Quoted by Western Reporters 214

The Label lead; the Summary lead; the Main Fact lead; the Combined lead 216

The Component Parts of a News-Item 216

On Translation of News-Items from Western News Agencies 219

Drills on Translation of substantive NewsItems 224

Section Ⅲ. Methods of Analysis in the Handling of Difficult Sentences in E-C Translation 226

Accurate Comprehension: the Basis 226

The Usual Steps to Take in E-C: A 3-Fold Analysis 227

Analysis of 3 Difficult Paragraphs 228

Analysis of an Article to Be Translated 233

Summary 240

Chapter Ⅵ. Genuine Knowledge Comes from Practice 240

Section Ⅰ. Analysis of E-C Passage Translation 35 E-C Exx. 241

Translation of a Piece of Prose 242

Translation of Press Commentaries 245

Translation of Very Formal English (in Documents) 257

Translation of Texts on Legal Matters 269

Scientific Technical Register 273

Translation of Texts on Scientific Technological Matters 274

On Translation of Classical English 287

Of Studies by F. Bacon 288

A Chinese Version in Classical Style 290

3 Points for Reference 291

E-C Translation: A Brief Summary 292

35 E-C Exx. for Independent Work 292

Section Ⅱ. Analysis of C-E passage Translation 35 C-E Exx. 364

Discourse Analysis , Essential 365

Foreigners Are Not Chinese 365

Form Be Appropriate to the Occasion 368

2 Different Versions: to Su?a Formal Informal 368

8 Examples of Application of Translation Techniques to Passage-Translation 371

Analysis of an Article in C-E 374

Translation of Texts on Political and Economic Matters Respectively 378

More on a Translator s Continuing Process of Learning 386

On Translation of Classical Chinese 391

Comprehension: One Cannot Be Too Careful 392

Representation: A Multi-Dimensional Affair 396

Translation of 《十六字令》 402

More Examples 402

10 English Versions of 《静夜思》 403

A Passage from 《红楼梦》 411

Summary 414

35 C-E Exx. for Independent Work 416

Chapter Ⅶ. KEY to Drills Exercises 470

List of KEY to Translation Exx. 470

(Ⅰ) KEY to the 25 Drills on Sentence Translation 475

(Ⅱ) KEY to 35 E-C Translation Exx. (1—35) 501

(Ⅲ) KEY to 35 C-E Translation Exx. (36—70) 552

A BRIEF SUMMARY ON TRANSLATION 642

Appendix 1: Table oR E-C Transliteration 648

Appendix 2: Models for Notices, Invitations, Letters, Diplomatic Notes, etc. 650

Practical Writing 650

The Diplomatic Note 673

Personal Note 675

Note Verbale 678

Additional Exx. on Practical Writing 683

Additional Exx. on Diplomatic Notes 684

Appendix 3: Terms Expressions Relating to Conferences Documents 691

Appendix 4: Romanization of Chinese Names of Persons and Places 700

Appendix 5: A Brief Chinese Chronology 707

Index: References Are to Chapters, Sections and Subsections 710