化学、有机化学、生物化学PDF电子书下载

Chance Favors the Prepared Mind 2

Chemistry Connection 2

A Human Perspective 4

The Scientific Method 4

Food Calories 25

A Clinical Perspective 28

Diagnosis Based on Waste 28

Curiosity,Science,and Medicine 34

Atomic Spectra and the Fourth of July 51

Electromagnetic Radiation and Its Effects on Our Everyday Life 52

An Environmental Perspective 52

Managing Mountains of Information 58

A Medical Perspective 62

Copper Deficiency and Wilson s Disease 62

Dietary Calcium 73

Magnets and Migration 82

How the Elements Came into Being 95

Blood Pressure and the Sodium Ion/Potassium Ion Ratio 96

The Chemistry of Automobile Air Bags 118

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:A Case of Combining Ratios 133

Pharmaceutical Chemistry: The Practical Significance of Percent Yield 144

The Demise of the Hindenburg 150

Autoclaves and the Gas Laws 156

The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 163

Blood Gases and Respiration 166

Seeing a Thought 176

Scuba Diving:Nitrogen and the Bends 185

An Extraordinary Molecule 198

Hemodialysis 200

The Cost of Energy?More Than You Imagine 206

Triboluminescence:Sparks in the Dark with Candy 211

Hot and Cold Packs 218

Drug Delivery 238

Acid Rain 252

Control of Blood pH 258

Oxidizing Agents for Chemical Control of Microbes 259

Electrochemical Reactions on the Statue of Liberty and in Dental Fillings 261

Turning the Human Body into a Battery 264

An Extraordinary Woman in Science 270

Nuclear Waste Disposal 281

Magnetic Resonance Imaging 286

Radon and Indoor Air Pollution 291

The Origin of Organic Compounds 296

Oil-Eating Bacteria 309

Polyhalogenated Hydrocarbons Used as Anesthetics 315

A Cautionary Tale:DDT and Biological Magnification 324

Life without Polymers? 340

Aromatic Compounds and Carcinogenesis 346

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 356

Alcohol Consumption and the Breathalyzer Test 371

Multistep Organic Synthesis 372

Genetic Complexity from Simple Molecules 384

Aldehydes in Medicine 392

The Chemistry of Vision 401

Wake Up,Sleeping Gene 408

Garbage Bags from Potato Peels 416

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Special Interest 430

The Nicotine Patch 440

Medically Important Amines 447

Secondary Amines and Cancer 451

Amines and the Central Nervous System 455

Medically Important Amides 457

Chemistry Through the Looking Glass 468

Tooth Decay and Simple Sugars 470

Blood Transfusions and the Blood Group Antigens 484

The Bacterial Cell Wall 488

Monosaccharide Derivatives and Heteropolysaccharides of Medical Interest 490

Life-Saving Lipids 496

Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolism 510

Anabolic Steroids and Athletics 513

Steroids and the Treatment of Heart Disease 515

Antibiotics That Destroy Membrane Integrity 524

Angiogenesis Inhibitors:Proteins that Inhibit Tumor Growth 534

The Opium Poppy and Peptide Synthesis in the Brain 542

Collagen:A Protein That Makes Us Strong 548

Immunoglobulins:Proteins That Defend the Body 554

Super Hot Enzymes and the Origin of Life 566

The AIDS Test 576

Enzymes Nerve Transmission,and Nerve Agents 588

Enzymes,Isoenzymes,and Myocardial Infarction 592

The Man Who Got Tipsy from Eating Pasta 600

Fermentations:The Good,the Bad,and the Ugly 626

Glycogen Storage Diseases 630

Mitochondria from Mom 636

Exercise and Energy Metabolism 638

Brown Fat:The Fat That Makes You Thin? 650

Obesity:A Genetic Disorder? 666

Losing Those Unwanted Pounds of Adipose Tissue 672

Diabetes Mellitus and Ketone Bodies 680

Molecular Genetics and Detection of Human Genetic Disease 692

Fooling the AIDS Virus with Look-Alike Nucleotides 698

24.4 Information Flow in Biological Systems 701

Classes of RNA Molecules 702

Transcription 703

Post-transcriptional Processing of RNA 705

24.5 The Genetic Code 707

24.6 Protein Synthesis 708

The Role of Transfer RNA 709

The Process of Translation 711

The Nature of Mutations 713

24.7 Mutation,Ultraviolet Light,and DNA Repair 713

The Results of Mutations 713

Ultraviolet Light Damage and DNA Repair 714

Mutagens and Carcinogens 714

A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: The Ames Test for Carcinogens 715

The Ames Test for Carcinogens 715

Consequences of Defects in DNA Repair 716

24.8 Recombinant DNA 716

Tools Used in the Study of DNA 716

DNA Fingerprinting 720

A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: DNA Fingerprinting 720

Genetic Engineering 721

24.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction 723

A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE:α1-Antitrypsin and Familial Emphysema 724

α1-Antitrypsin and Familial Emphysema 724

Summary 725

Key Terms 726

Questions and Problems 727

Critical Thinking Problems 728

Appendixes 729

Glossary 769

Answers to Selected Problems 785

Credits 821

Index 823