布莱克韦尔国际企业管理百科辞典PDF电子书下载
- 电子书积分:12 积分如何计算积分?
- 作 者:(英)约翰·J.奥康奈尔主编;高红岩译
- 出 版 社:北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社
- 出版年份:2001
- ISBN:7810009761
- 页数:309 页
词条A-Z 1
A/B空运单 见AIRBILL(空运单) 1
acceptance承兑 1
acceptance financing承兑信贷 1
accountability责任制 1
accounting differences会计差异 1
accounting exposure会计暴露 2
accounting system会计制度 见ACCOUNTING DIFFERENCES(会计差异) 2
acculturation文化适应 2
across-the-board tariff reductions全面降低关税 2
ad valorem duty从价税 3
adaptability screening适应性筛选 3
ADB见ASLAN DEVELOPMENT BANK(亚洲开发银行) 3
address commission 见CARGO BROKER(货物经纪人) 3
admiralty court海事法庭 3
admiralty law 见MARITIME LAW(海事法) 3
ADR 见ADVANCED DETERMINATION RULING(预先判断裁决) 3
ADR 见ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION(争端解决的备选方案) 3
adunana关税 4
advance against documents预付交单 4
advance import deposits预付进口保证金 4
advanced determination ruling(ADR)预先判断裁决 4
advised letter of credit通知信用证 4
advising bank通知行 4
advisory capacity咨询资格 5
advocacy advertising公益广告 5
aesthetics审美观 5
AFDB 见AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK(亚洲开发银行) 5
affective approach, to training 见EXPATRIATE TRAINING(外派人员培训) 5
affirmative action机会均等行动 5
affirmative dumping determination肯定的倾销判定 6
affreightment 见CONTRACT OF AFFREIGHTMENT(租船货运合同) 6
AFIDA 见AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1978(农业外国投资揭露法案1978) 6
African Development Bank(ADB)非洲开发银行 6
AG 6
against all risks综合险 7
agency for International Development(AID)国际开发署 7
Agreement corporation协议公司 7
Agreement on Customs Valuation 关税估价协定 7
Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978(AFIDA)农业外国投资揭露法案1978 8
Agunaldo(Mexico)(墨西哥语)津贴 8
AID 见AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT(国际开发署) 8
air consignment note 见AIR WAYBILL(航空货运单) 8
air freight空运 8
air waybill(AWB)航空货运单 8
air bill(A/B)空运单 8
airport tax机场税 8
alien外侨 8
alien corporation外国公司 9
alliance联盟 9
allowance津贴 9
all-risk clause 见AGAINST ALL RISKS(综合险) 9
alongside在船边 9
alternative dispute resolution(ADR)争端解决的备选方案 10
American Accounting Association,International Section美国会计学会国际部 10
American depository receipt(ADR)美国预托证券 10
American depository share美国寄存股票 10
American Plan美式收费制 10
American style option美式期权 11
AMF 见ARAB MONETARY FUND(阿拉伯货币基金组织) 11
AMU 见ARAB MAHGREB UNION(阿拉伯赫格来伯联盟) 11
ANCOM 见 ANDEAN COMMON MARKET(安第斯共同市场) 11
ANDEAN 见ANDEAN COMMON MARKET(安第斯共同市场) 11
Andean Common Market/Andean Pact(ANCOM)安第斯共同市场/安第斯条约组织 11
Andean pact 见ZNDREAN COMMON MARKET(安第斯共同市场) 11
antiboycott regulation反联合抵制法规 11
anti-diversion clause反转移条款 11
anti-dumping duty反倾销税 12
anti-dumping law反倾销法 12
APO 见ASLAN PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIZATION(亚洲生产力组织) 12
appreciation(roreign currency)外币升值 12
appropriate technology适用技术 13
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa(ABEDA)阿拉伯非洲经济开发银行 13
Arab League阿拉伯联盟 13
Arab Mahgreb Union(AMU)阿拉伯马赫格来伯联盟 13
Arab Monetary Fund(AMF)阿拉伯货币基金组织 14
arbitrage套汇、套利 14
arbitrageur套利(套汇)专家 14
arbitration仲裁 14
arbitration agreements仲裁协议 15
arbitration clause 见ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS(仲裁协议) 15
area division structure 见GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE(地理机构) 15
arms-length pricing公平定价 15
ASEAN 见ASSOCLATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS(东南亚国家联盟) 15
Asia Currency Market亚洲货币市场 15
Asia dollar亚洲美元 16
Asia Pacific Federation of Personnel Management Association(APEPMA)亚太地区人力管理协会联盟 16
Asian Development Bank(ADB)亚洲开发银行 16
Asian Productivity Organization(APO)亚洲生产力组织 16
assembly operations装配 16
assignment(foreign)外派 17
assignment completion外派任务完成 17
assignment status外派身份 17
Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)东南亚国家联盟 18
assumed shelter cost假定的住房费用 18
assured被保险人 18
assurex保险公司 18
at-post education就地教育 18
ATA carnet暂时许可证 19
attache随员 19
autonomous duty自主关税 19
average海损 19
avoidance strategies回避战略 19
away-from-post education异地教育 20
AWB 见AIR WAYBILL(航空货运单) 20
bachelor status单身身份 21
back translation逆译 21
back-to-back letter of credit背对背信用证 21
back-to-back loan背对背贷款 21
balance sheet approach资产负债表法 22
band波幅 22
Bank for International Settlements(BIS)国际结算银行 22
Bank of Central African states(BCAS)中非国家银行 23
Banker′s acceptance银行承兑 23
bareboat charter光船租赁 23
bargaining讨价还价 23
barriers壁垒 23
barter易货贸易 25
base currency基础通货 25
base salary底薪 25
base workweek基本工作周 25
basket of currencies一揽子货币 26
benchmarking标杆管理法 26
beneficiary受益人 26
benefit allowance福利津贴 27
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works(1886)伯尔尼保护文学艺术财产公约(1886) 27
Berne Union 见 WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZXATION(世界知识产权组织) 27
bid price递价、投标价 27
bilateral tax agreement双边税收协定 27
bilateral trade双边贸易 27
bilateral treaty双边条约 28
bill of entry报关单 28
bill of exchange汇票 28
bill of lading提单 28
birdyback飞机托运载货挂车 29
BIS 见 BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT(国际结算银行) 30
black market黑市 30
black money黑钱 30
bloc 见TRADING BLOC(贸易集团) 30
blocked account封锁帐户、冻结帐户 30
blocked currency封锁货币、冻结货币 30
body language身体语言 30
bonded storage保税仓库 31
bonded warehouse 见BONDED STORAGE(保税仓库) 31
bonus system奖金制度 31
bounty补助金 31
boycott联合抵制 32
brand extension品牌延伸 32
brand piracy盗用品牌 32
break-bulk杂货 33
Bretton Woods Conference布雷顿森林会议 33
bribery贿赂 33
British Export Credits Department英国出口信贷部 34
broker经纪人 34
buffer stock缓冲存货 34
built-in export department内设出口部 35
bulk cargo散装货物 35
bulk carrier散装货船 35
Bureau of Export Administration(BXA/BEA)(美国)商务部出口管理局 35
business visitor visa 见COMMERCLAL VISA(商务鉴证) 35
bustarella小信封 35
buy national购买国货 35
buy-back agreements返销协定 35
buying agent采购代理 36
Cable rates电汇费率 37
CACM 见CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET(中美洲共同市场) 37
CAD 见CASH AGAINST DOCUMENT(凭单付款) 37
camp status营地状况 37
Canadian International Development Agency(CIDA) 37
CAP 见COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY(共同农业政策) 37
capital movements code资本运动准则 37
capitalism资本主义 37
captive insurance company企业投资的保险公司 38
cargo broker货物经纪人 38
cargo insurance货物保险 38
Caribbean Common Marker 见CARRIBBEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY(加勒比经济共同体) 38
Caribbean Development Bank(CDB)加勒比开发银行 38
Caribean Economic Community(CARICOM)加勒比经济共同体 39
CARICOM 见CARIBBEAN COMMON MARKET(加勒比共同市场);CARIBBEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY(加勒比经济共同体) 39
Carnet通关卡 39
carriage and insurance paid to(CIP)运费加保险费付至(指定目的地) 40
carriage paid to(cpt)运费付至(指定目的地) 40
carrier′s lien承运人的留置权 40
cartel卡特尔 40
cash against document(CAD)凭单付款 40
cash before delivery 见CASH IN ADVAINCE(预付货款) 41
cash in advance(CIA)预付货款 41
cash management现金管理 41
cash with order(CWO)订货付款 41
CBD 见cash before delivery(交货前付款) 41
CCC 见COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION(商品信贷公司) 41
CDB 见CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK(加勒比开发银行) 41
Center for International Briefing国际简报中心 41
Central American Common Market(CACM)中美洲共同市场 42
Central American Development Bank of Economic Integration(BCEI)中美洲经济一体化开发银行 42
centralized management集权管理 42
certificate of health健康证书 43
certificate of inspection检验证书、产品合格证 43
certificate of manufacturing制造证书 44
certificate of origin产地证明书 44
CFR见COST AND FREIGHT(成本加运费(指定目的港)) 44
CFRCHAPS 见CLEARING HOUSE AUTOMATED PAYMENT SYSTEM(清算所自动支付系统) 44
CHIPS 见CLEARING HOUSE INTERBANK PAYMENT SYSTEM(票据交换所银行间支付系统) 44
CIA 见CASH IN ADVANCE(预付货款) 44
CIF 见COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT(成本加保险费加运费(指定目的港)) 44
CIP见 CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO(运费及保险费付至) 44
circular letter of credit巡回信用证 45
civil law民法、大陆法 45
clean bill of lading清洁提单 45
clean collection光票托收 45
clean remittance光票汇款 45
clearing account barter清算帐户易货贸易 45
clearing house automated payment system(CHAPS)清算所自动支付系统 45
clearing house interbank payment system(CHIPS)票据交换所银行间支付系统 46
closed economy封闭经济 46
code law编码法 46
code of liberalization of capital movements见CAPITAL MOVEMENTS CODE(资本运动准则) 46
codetermination共同决策 46
COFACE出口信贷保险机构 47
COFC平板货车上的集装箱 47
collaborative strategies 见EMTRY STRATEGIES(进入战略) 47
collection papers托收票据 47
combination export manager(CEM)联合出口经理 47
combined transport bill of lading联运货物提单 47
combined transport operator(CTO)联运人 47
commercial attaché商务专员 47
commercial invoice商业发展 48
commercial risk商业风险 48
commercial visa商业签证 48
commission agent佣金代理人 48
commodity商品 49
commodity cartel 见INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY GROUP(国际商品集团) 49
Commodity Credit Corporation(CCC)商品信贷公司 49
Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)共同农业政策 49
Common External Tariff(CET/CXT)共同对外关税、对外统一关税 49
common law system普通法体系 50
common market共同市场 50
communication交流 50
Compagnie Fran?aise d′Assurances pour le Commerce Exterieure 见COFACE(出口信贷保险机构) 511
comparative cost advantage比较成本优势 51
compensation package(expatriate)(外派)补偿福利 51
compensation trade补偿贸易 54
compensatory duty补偿关税 54
compensatory trade补偿贸易 54
completion allowance完成津贴 55
compound duty复合关税 55
comprehensive export credit insurance coverage全面出口信贷保险范围 55
concessional duty特许关税 55
concessional financing优惠贷款 55
confirmed letter of credit保兑信用证 56
Confiscation没收 56
Consign托运 56
Consignee收货人、代销商 56
Consignment寄售 57
Consignor寄售人 57
Consolidation并装 57
Consul领事 57
consul general总领事 57
consular declaration领事说明书 57
consular invoice领事发票 57
consularization行使领事权 58
consulate领事馆 58
container集装箱 58
container ship集装箱船 58
containerization集装箱化 58
contraband违禁品 58
contract frustration合同失效 59
contract manufacturing合同制造 59
contract of affreightment租船货运合同 59
contract of carriage运输合同 59
contract repudiation合同失效 59
contract repudiation coverage合同失效保险 59
convention公约 60
conversion 见FOREIGN EXCHANGE(外汇) 60
convertibility可兑换性 60
convertible currencies可兑换货币 60
cooperation agreement合作协议 60
cooperative exchange agreements合作兑换协定 61
coordination center协调中心 61
copyright版权 61
corporate culture企业文化 61
cost and freight——named port of destination(CFR)成本加运费(……指定目的港) 62
cost differential 见 COST OF LIVING ALLOWANCE(生活费津贴) 62
cost,insurance and freight(CIF)成本加保险费加运费(……指定目的港) 62
cost of living allowance生活费津贴 62
counterfeit 见PIRACY(盗版) 63
counterpurchase agreements互购协定 63
countertrade对等贸易 63
countervailing duty(CVD)抵消关税 64
country of origin原产国、来源国 64
country risk国家风险 64
country risk assessment国家风险评估 65
country similarity theory国家相似性理论 65
court of arbitration仲裁法庭 65
Court of Justice 见EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE(欧洲法庭) 65
CPT 见CARRIAGE PAID TO(运费付至……(目的地)) 66
credit mixte信贷资金 66
credit protocol信贷协定 66
credit risk insurance信用风险保险 66
creeping expropriation逐步征用 66
cross-cultural communication跨文化交流 66
cross-cultural training跨文化培训 68
cross licensing交换许可 69
cross rate of exchange交叉汇率 69
CTO 见COMBINED TRANSPORT OPERATOR(联运人) 69
cultural adaptation文化适应 69
cultural adoption文化采纳 70
cultural assimilation文化同化 70
cultural borrowing文化借用 70
cultural diversity文化差异、文化多样性 70
cultural empathy文化移情 71
cultural factors 见CULTURAL VARIABLES(文化变量) 71
cultural insensitivity文化不敏感 71
cultural literacy文化读解能力 71
cultural maps文化地图 72
cultural noise文化噪声 73
cultural norms文化规范 73
cultural orientation 见CROSS-CULTURAL TRAINING(跨文化培训);EXPATRIATE TRAINING(外派人员培训) 73
cultural profiles文化轮廓 73
cultural relativism文化相对论 74
cultural sensitivity文化敏感性 74
cultural value dimensions(Hofstede′s)见VALUE DIMENSIONS(价值维度) 74
cultural variables文化变量 74
culture文化 76
culture shock文化冲击 76
currency depreciation货币贬值 76
currency devaluation 见DEVALUATION(贬值) 76
currency diversification货币多样化 76
currency future market 见FUTURES(期货) 77
currency hedge 见FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT(外汇风险管理) 77
currency inconvertibility货币不可兑换性 77
currency option货币期权 77
customhouse broker海关代理人 77
customs agencies报关行 78
customs broker见CUSTOMHOUSE BROKER(海关代理人) 78
customs classification海关分类 78
customs clearing agent 见CUSTOMHOUSE BROKER(海关代理人) 78
customs clearing time结关时间 78
customs declaration通关申报单 78
customs invoice海关发票 78
customs valuation海关估价 78
customs valuation code 见AGREEMENT ON CUSTOMS VALUATION(海关估价协定) 79
CVD 见COUNTERVAILING DUTY(抵消关税) 79
D/A 见DOCUMENTS AGAINST ACCEPTANCE(承兑交单) 80
DAC 见DEVELEPMENT ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE(开发援助委员会) 80
DAF 见DELIVERED AT FRONTIER(边境交货) 80
danger pay危险工资 80
date draft定期汇票 80
dating systems计时系统 80
DCR 见DOMESTIC CONTENT REQUIREMENTS(国内含量要求) 80
DDP见 DELIVERED DUTY PAID(完税后交货) 80
DDU见DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID(未完税交货) 80
de facto protectionism事实上的保护主义 81
debt rating债务等级 81
decentralized management分权管理 81
deconsolidation 见BREAK-BULK(杂货) 81
delivered at frontier-named place(DAF)边境交货(……指定地点) 81
delivered duty paid——named place of destination(DDP)完税后交货(……指定目的地) 81
delivered duty unpaid——named place of destination(DDU)未完税交货(……指定目的地) 82
delivered ex quay duty paid——named port of-destination(DEQ—duty paid)完税码头交货(……指定目的港) 82
delivered ex quay duty unpaid——named port of destination(DEQ—duty unpaid)未完税码头交货(……指定目的港) 82
delivered ex ship——named port of destination(DES)船上交货(……指定目的港) 82
delivery risk交货风险 83
demurrage延期费 83
denationalization非国有化 83
dependent visa 见VISA(签证) 83
depreciation贬值 83
DEQ-duty paid 见DELIVERED EX QUAY—DUTY PAID(完税码头交货) 83
DEQ-duty unpaid 见DELIVERED EX QUAY—DUTY UNPAID(未完税码头交货) 83
DES 见DELIVERED EX SHIP(船上交货) 83
destination control statement目的地管制声明 83
devaluation贬值 84
Development Assistance Committee(DAC)开发援助委员会 84
developmeng banks开发银行 84
Development Center of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(经济合作与发展组织的发展中心) 84
differential duty差别关税 84
diplomat外交官 85
diplomatic agent外交人员 85
direct exchange rate直接汇率 85
direct importing直接进口 85
direct marketing直销 85
direct selling 见DIRECT MARKETING(直销) 85
dirty bill of lading不洁提单 85
dirty float肮脏浮动、管理浮动 85
dirty money非法钱财、脏钱 86
DISC 见DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL SALES CORPORATION(国内国际销售公司) 86
discriminatory taxation歧视性征税 86
distributor经销商 86
diversification strategy多元化战略 86
dock receipt码头依据 87
documentary collection跟单托收 87
documentary credit信用证 87
documentary draft跟单汇票 87
documentary letter of credit跟单信用证 87
documents 见ENTRY DOCUMENTS(入境证件) 87
documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单 88
documents against payment(D/P)付款交单 88
domestic content requirements(DCR)国内含量要求 88
Domestic International Sales Corporation(DISC)国内国际销售公司 88
double taxation双重征税 88
draft汇票 88
drawback退税 89
drawee受票人、付款人 89
drawer出票人、收款人 89
drop-lock floating-erate note附利率下限条款之浮动利率本票 89
dual currency bond双重货币债券 90
dumping倾销 91
duty关税 91
duty remission关税豁免 92
EBRD 见EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT(欧洲复兴与开发银行) 93
EC 见EUROPEAN COMMUNITY(欧共体) 93
economic exposure经济风险 93
economic integration经济一体化 93
economic union经济联盟 93
ECS carnet商品免税通关卡 94
edge corporation埃奇公司 94
education allowance教育津贴 94
EEC 见EUROPEAN COMMUNITY(欧共体) 94
EFTA 见EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION(欧洲自由贸易协会) 94
EIB 见EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK(欧洲投资银行) 94
embargo禁运 95
embassy大使馆 95
EMC 见EXPORT MANAGEMENT COMPANY(出口代理公司) 95
employee categories员工类型 95
employment agreement 雇佣协议 见EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT(雇佣合同) 96
employment contract雇佣合同 96
enroute expenses途中费用 96
entering foreign markets见MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES(市场进入战略) 96
Enterprise for the Americas Initiative(EAI)美洲创始计划 96
entrěpot trade转口贸易 97
entry documents入境证件 97
entry strategies 见MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES(市场进入战略) 98
environment and environmental ethics环境和环境伦理 98
environment,cultural 见CULTURAL DIVERSITY(文化多样性) 101
environmental analysis 见ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING(环境扫描) 101
environmental orientation环境定位 101
environmental scanning环境扫描 101
EPC 见EUROPEAN PATENT CONVENTION(欧洲专利公约) 102
equal opportunity平等机会 102
equivalence of advantages见RECIPROCITY(互惠) 102
equivalent treatment平等待遇 102
escape clause例外条款 102
ethnocentric approach to hiring母国中心主义的雇佣方法 102
ethnocentrism母国中心主义、民族中心主义 103
Europe 1992欧洲1992 103
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD) 欧洲复兴与开发银行 103
European Central Bank(ECB)欧洲中央银行 103
European commission欧洲委员会 104
European Community(EC)欧共体 104
European company欧洲公司 105
European Council欧洲理事会 105
European Council of Ministers欧洲部长理事会 105
European Court of Justice欧洲共同体法院 105
European Currency Unit(ECU)欧洲货币单位 105
European Economic Area(EEA)欧洲经济区 106
European Free Trade Association(EFTA)欧洲自由贸易联盟 106
European Investment Bank(EIB)欧洲投资银行 106
European Monetary System(EMS)欧洲货币体系 106
European Parliament欧洲议会 106
European Patent Convention(EPC)欧洲专利公约 107
European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI)欧洲电信标准学院 107
European style option欧洲式期权 107
evaluation of international managers见PERFORMANCE EVALUATION(业绩评价) 107
evolution of global organization全球组织的演进 107
exchange controls外汇管制 108
exchange exposures汇率暴露 108
exchange permit外汇许可证 109
exchange rate汇率 109
exchange risk 见EXCHANGE EXPOSURE(外汇暴露) 109
exchange risk management 见FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT(外汇风险管理) 109
exchange spread外汇差价 109
exclusionary duty排外关税 109
exclusive agent独家代理 109
ex dock码头交货 109
ex factory工厂交货 110
exim bank 见EXPORT-IMPORT BANK(进出口银行) 110
exit visa出境签证 110
expat 见EXPATRIATE(外派人员) 110
expatriate外派人员 110
expatriate allowance 见EXPATRIATE DIFFERENTIAL(外派差额) 111
expatriate assignment外派任务 111
expatriate differential外派差额 111
expatriate premium 见EXPATRIATE ALLOWANCE(外派津贴) 112
expatriate selection 见SELECTION OF EXPATRIATE(外派人员选择) 112
expatriate support system外派支持系统 112
expatriate training外派人员培训 112
export agent出口代理 113
Export and Import Bank of Japan(EIBJ)日本进出口银行 116
export barriers 见BARRIERS(壁垒) 116
export broker出口经纪人 116
export commission house出口代理商 116
export contact list出口联系名录 116
export credit出口信贷 117
Export Credit Guarantees Department(ECGD)出口信贷担保部 117
export documents出口单据 117
export duty出口关税 117
export financing出口融资 117
export insurance出口保险 118
export license出口许可证 118
export management company(EMC)出口代理公司 119
export permit 见EXPORT LICENSE(出口许可证) 119
export quotas出口配额 119
export restraints 见EXPORT QUOTAS(出口配额) 119
export sales subsidiary出口销售子公司 119
export structures 见MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES(市场进入战略) 120
export subsidies出口补贴 120
export tariff 见EXPORT DUTY(出口关税) 120
export trading company(ETC)出口贸易公司 120
Export -Import Bank(EXIM)进出口银行 120
exporting出口 120
exposure暴露 121
exposure risks 见COMMERCIAL RISK(商业风险);COUNTRY RISK(国家风险);POLITICAL RISK(政治风险) 121
expropriation征用 121
ex quay 见DELIVERED EX QUAY(码头交货) 121
ex ship 见DELIVERED EX SHIP(船上交货) 121
extra-territorial application of employment law领土以外的就业法的应用 121
EXW 见EX WORKS(工厂交货) 122
ex works(named place)(EXW)工厂交货(……指定地方) 122
F 123
facilitating intermediary便利中间商 123
factor代理人 123
factor mobility要素流动性 123
factoring代理经营 123
failure rates失败率 123
family status家庭身份 124
FAS 见FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP(船边交货) 124
FASB 52 124
FCA 见FREE CARRIER(货交承运人) 124
FCIA 见FOREIGN CREDIT INSURANCE ASSOCIATION(对外信贷保险协会) 124
FCPA 见FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT(对外腐败行为法案) 124
field experience现场经验 124
financial infrastructure金融基础设施 124
financial repatriation and multinational firms金融汇回与跨国公司 124
FIRP 见FOREIGN INCOME INFORMATION RETURNS PROGRAN(外国收入信息返回计划) 127
first world country第一世界国家 127
fiscal clearance财务结算 127
fixed exchange rate systems固定汇率制 127
flag船籍国旗 128
flag of convenience方便旗 128
floating exchange rate浮动汇率 128
FO 见FREE OUT(目的港交货) 128
FOA 见FOOD AND AGRICAUTURE ORGANIZATION(联合国粮农组织);FREE ON AIR(启运机场交货) 128
FOB 见FREE ON BOARD(装运港船上交货) 128
Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)联合国粮农组织 128
FOR(pre-1990 trading term)(1990前的贸易用语)见FREE ON RAIL(铁路交货);INCOTERMS(国际贸易术语解释通则) 129
force majeure不可抗力 129
forecasting political risk预测政治风险 129
foreign affiliate外国分支机构(分公司、子公司) 132
foreign assignment外派任务 132
foreign branch国外分支机构 132
foreign corporation外国公司 132
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA)外国腐败行为法案 132
foreign credit insurance参见CREDIT RISK INSURANCE(信用风险保险) 133
Foreign Credit Insurance Association(FCIA)外国信用保险协会 133
foreign currency外国货币 133
foreign distributors 见DISTRIBUTOR(经销商) 136
foreign exchange外汇 136
foreign exchange arbitrageur套汇者 137
foreign exchange broker外汇经纪人 137
foreign exchange dealers外汇交易员 137
foreign exchange loans外汇贷款 137
foreign exchange markets外汇市场 137
foreign exchange rate 见EXCHANGE RATE(汇率) 142
foreign exchange restrictions 见EXCHINGE CONTROLS(外汇管制) 142
foreign exchange risk 见EXCHANGE RISK(外汇风险) 142
foreign exchange risk management外汇风险管理 142
foreign exchange swaps外汇掉期 142
foreign freignt forwarder 见FOREIGN FORWARDER(外运公司) 142
foreign income外国收入 142
foreign income information returns program外国收入信息返回计划 142
foreign investment外国投资 143
foreign investment codes外国投资法 143
foreign manufacture′s agent 见EXPORT AGENT(出口代理) 143
foreign national外国公民 143
foreign payoffs BRIBERY(贿赂) 143
foreign sales agent(FSA)见EXPORT AGENT(出口代理) 143
foreign service premium 见EXPATRIATE ALLOWANCE(外派津贴) 143
foreign source income外国来源收入 143
foreign sourcing 见SOURCING(采购) 144
foreign subsidiaries外国分支机构 144
foreign tax credit外国税收抵免 144
foreign trade zone(FTZ)对外贸易区 144
FOREX外汇 144
FOREX broker见FOREIGN EXCHANGE BROKER(外汇经纪人) 144
forfaiting福费廷 145
Fortress Europe堡垒欧洲 145
forward contract期货合同、远期合同 145
forward covering远期保险 145
forward exchange rate远期汇率 145
forward market 见 FOREIGN EXCHANGE(外汇) 145
forwarding company货运公司 145
FOT(1990年前的贸易用语)见FREE ON TRUCK(敞车交货) 146
foul bill of lading不洁提单 146
FPAAC 见FREE OF PARTICULAR AVERAGE(平安险);GENERAL AVERAGE(共同海损) 146
FPAEC 见FREE OF PARTICULAR AVERAGE(平安险);ENGLISH CONDITIONS(英国条件平安险) 146
franchise agreement特许协定 146
free alongside ship-named port of shipment(FAS)船边交货(……指定装运港) 146
free carrier-named place(FCA)货交承运(人……指定地点) 147
free of all average一切海损均不赔偿、全损赔偿 147
free of particular average(FPA)平安险 147
free on air(FOA)启运机场交货 147
free on board(FOB)船上交货 147
free on fail(FOR)铁路交货 148
free on truck(FOT)敞车交货 148
free out目的港交货 148
free trade area(FTA)自由贸易区 148
free trade zone 见FOREIGN TRADE ZONE(对外贸易区) 149
Freedom of Commerce and Navigation Treaty 见FRIENDSHIP,COMMERENCE,AND NAVIGATION TREATE(商业和海事友好条约) 149
freight broker 见CARGO BROKER(货物经纪人) 149
freight forwarder货运代理 149
Friendship,Commerce,and Navigation Treaty(FCN)商业和海事友好条约 149
fringe benefits额外福利 149
frozen account 见BLOCKED ACCOUNT(封锁帐户) 150
frozen assets冻结资产 150
FTA 见FREE TRADE AREA(自由贸易区) 150
functional currency功能货币 150
functional intermediary职能中介 150
furnishing allowance布置津贴 150
futures远期合同 150
futures contract 见FUTURES(远期合同) 150
G 151
Gaijin(日语)外来人 151
gap analysis缺口分析 151
GATT 见GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARRIFFS AND TRADE(“关贸总协定”) 151
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)关贸总协定 151
general average共同海损 152
general license一般许可证 153
general visa通用签证 153
general system of preference(GSP)普惠制 153
geocentric approach to hiring以全球为中心的雇佣方法 154
geocentrism地球中心主义 154
geographic structure地理结构 154
global alliance 见STRATEGIC ALLIANCE(战略联盟) 154
global branding全球品牌 154
global cash management 见CASH MANAGEMENT(现金管理) 154
global companies全球公司 154
global enterprise全球企业 155
global information technology 见INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY(信息技术) 155
global leadership全球领导权、全球领导能力 155
global sourcing全球采购 156
global strategy全球战略 156
globalization全球化 157
governing law管辖法 157
government procurement codes政府采购法案 157
gradual internationalization 见EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL ORGANIZATION(全球组织的演进) 157
gray market灰市 157
gray money灰钱 158
grease payment 见BRIBERY(贿赂) 158
green card/green card holder绿卡/绿卡持有者 158
green clause letter of credit绿条款信用证 158
Gregorian calendar公历 158
group norms群体规范 158
GSP 见GENERALIZED SYSTEN OF PREFERENCES(普惠制) 158
guaranteed letter of credit担保信用证 159
guest workers外籍工人 159
H 160
hard currency硬通货币 160
hard money 见HARD CURRENCY(硬通货币) 160
hardship allowance艰苦劳动津贴 160
harmonization协调 160
HCN 见HOST COUNTRY NATIONALS(东道国国民) 160
health certificate健康证明 160
hedge套期保值 160
hedging海琴、套期保值 160
high contact cultures高触点文化 161
high context cultures高语境文化 161
Hijrah calender回历 161
hiring 见STAFFING(人员配备) 161
historically planned economy(HPE)历史上的计划经济 161
home country母国 162
home country national母国国民 162
home currency本国货币 162
home leave探亲假 162
host country东道国 162
host country nationals东道国国民 162
house air waybill航空分提单 162
household effects家庭财产 162
housing allowance住房津贴 163
human relations人事关系 163
human resource management 见 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT(国际人力资源管理) 163
human resource strategy人力资源战略 163
human resources人力资源 164
human rights policies人权政策 165
hyperinflation过度膨胀 165
hypothetical tax假设税 165
I 166
IAA 见INTER-AMERICAN ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION(泛美会计协会) 166
IAC 见IMPORT ALLOCATION CERTIFICATE(进口分配证书) 166
IASC 见INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COMMITTEE(国际会计标准协会) 166
IBF 见INTERNATIONAL BANKING FACILITY(国际银行机构) 166
IBRD 见INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT(国际复兴与开发银行) 166
ICA 见INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ACCOUNTANTS(国际会计师委员会) 166
ICC 见INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE(国际商会) 166
ICG 见INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY GROUP(国际商品集团) 166
ICO 见 INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY ORGANIZATION(国际商品组织) 166
ICSID 见INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES(国际投资争端仲裁中心) 166
IDA 见 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION(国际开发协会) 166
IDB 见INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK(泛美开发银行) 166
IDF 见IMPORT DECLARATION RLRM(进口申报表) 166
identical reciprocity同一互惠 166
IFC 见INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION(国际金融组织) 167
IIC 见 INTER-AMERICAN INVESTMENT CORPORATION(泛美投资公司) 167
ILO 见INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION(国际劳工组织) 167
illegal alien见ALIEN(外侨) 167
IMF conditionality 见INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND(国际货币基金组织) 167
imitation模枋 167
immersion approach,to training见EXPATRIATE TRAINING(外派人员培训) 167
immigrant visa移民签证 168
immigration 移民 168
immigration regulations移民法规 168
import进口、进口商品 168
import allocation certificate(IAC)进口分配证书 168
import barriers进口壁垒 169
import broker进口经纪人 169
import declaration form(IDF)进口申报表 169
import deposit进口押金 169
import (direct)(直接)进口 169
import license进口许可证 169
import quotas进口配额 170
import restrictions进口限制 170
in bond保税 170
import substitution进口替代 170
import tariff进口关税 170
import trade control order notices进口贸易控制指令通知 171
import wholesalers进口批发商 171
in transit在途中 171
income tax treaties所得税条约 171
inconvertibility of currency coverage货币不可兑换性保险 173
INCOTERMS国际贸易术语解释通则 173
indigenization laws本国化法律 174
indirect exchange rate间接汇率 174
indirect exporting间接出口 174
indirect quote(foreign exchange cross rate)间接报价(交叉汇率) 174
indirect selling间接销售 174
individually validated export license个人有效出口许可证 175
industrial countries工业国 175
industrial espionage工业间谍活动 175
industrial or producer′s goods工业用品或生产用品 175
industrial property工业产权、工业财产 175
industrial relations产业关系、劳资关系 176
infant industry argument幼稚产业论 176
inflation通货膨胀 176
inflation accounting通货膨胀会计 176
influence peddling影响力贩卖 177
Information giving approach to training 见EXPATRIATE TRAINING(外派人员培训) 177
Information technology信息技术 177
Infrastructure基础设施 177
Injury损害 177
Inland bill of lading内陆提单 177
INMARSAT 见INTERNATIONAL MARITIME SATELITE ORGANIZATION(国际海事卫星组织) 178
innovation创新 178
insurance certificate保险凭证 178
intellectual property知识产权 178
Inter-American Accounting Association(IAA)泛美会计协会 178
Inter-American Convention on Invention,Patents,Designs and Models泛美发明、专利、设计和模型协定 179
Inter-American Development Bank(IDB)泛美开发银行 179
Inter-American Investment Corporation(IIC)泛美投资公司 179
interbank market银行间市场 179
interbank offered rate银行间贷款利率 180
interdepedence互相依赖 180
interest arbitrage套息 180
interest rate利率 181
intermediated market 见INTERMEDIATION(中介作用) 181
intermediation中介作用 181
intermerchant中间商 181
intermodal container见CONTAINER(集装箱) 181
International Accounting Standards Committee(IASC)国际会计标准协会 181
International agreement国际协定 182
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD)国际复兴与开发银行 182
International Banking Act of1978国际银行法案(1978) 182
international banking facility(IBF)国际银行机构 182
international business国际经营 182
International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID)国际投资争端仲裁中心 183
International Chamber of Commerce国际商会 183
International code of business ethics国际商业道德准则 183
International Commodity Agreement(ICA)国际商品协定 186
International Commodity Group(ICG)国际商品集团 186
International Commodity Organization(ICO)国际商品组织 187
International companies国际企业 187
International Congress of Accountants国际会计师委员会 187
International Court of Justice(ICJ)(联合国的)国际法院 187
international debt rating国际债务等级 187
International Development Association(IDA)国际开发协会 188
international division国际部 188
International Finance Corporation(IFC)国际金融组织 188
international human resource management(HRM)国际人力资源管理 188
international integration国际一体化 189
International Labor Organization(ILO)国际劳工组织 189
International Law Commission国际法律委员会 189
international location国际区位 190
international management国际管理 191
international manager(evaluation)见PERFORMANCE EVALUATION(业绩评价) 192
International Maritime Bureau(IMB)国际海事署 192
International Maritime Organization(IMO)国际海事组织 192
International Maritime Satellite Organization(INMARSAT)国际海事卫星组织 192
international marketing国际营销 193
International Monetary Fund(IMF)国际货币基金组织 193
International organization(IOs or INTORGs)国际组织 193
international patenting国际专利申请 194
international planning国际规划 194
international product life cycle国际产品生命周期 194
international product standards 见INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION(国际标准化组织) 195
international selection国际选择 195
International Standards Organization(ISO)国际标准化组织 196
International trade administration 见UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION(美国国际贸易署) 196
International Trade Commission(ITC)国际贸易委员会 196
international union国际工会 196
inventory management库存管理 196
investment banking投资银行业务 197
investment barriers 见BARRIERS(壁垒) 197
investment guarantee program投资担保项目 197
investment incentives投资激励 197
irrevocable letter of credit不可撤销信用证 198
irrevocable transferable letter of credit不可撤销的可转让信用证 198
Islamic Development Bank(ISDB)伊斯兰开发银行 198
ISO 9000国际质量标准体系 198
issuing bank开证行 198
ITC 见INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION(国际贸易委员会) 198
J 199
Jamaica Agreement(Jamaica Accord)牙买加协定 199
Japan Sea Basin(economic cooperation zone)日本海洋盆地(经济合作带) 199
Jettison投弃 199
joint venture合资企业 199
just-in-time即时制 200
K 201
kanban看板管理 201
key currency关键货币 201
key industry关键产业 201
kickbacks回扣 201
knock-offs 见BRAND PIRACY(盗用商标) 201
Kyoto Convention京都公约 201
L 202
Labeling贴标签 202
labor agreement劳资协议 202
labor contract劳动合同 202
labor intensive劳动密集型 202
labor law劳动法 202
labor markets劳动力市场 203
LAFTA 见LATIN AMERICAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION(拉美自由贸易联盟) 203
Lags延迟 203
LAIA 见LATIN AMERICAN INTEGRATION ASSOCIATION(拉美一体化联盟) 203
land bridge大陆桥 204
landed value着陆价格 204
landing costs卸船费用 204
Latin American Free Trade Association(LAFTA)拉美自由贸易联盟 204
Latin American Integration Association(LAIA)拉美一体化联盟 204
Laundering见MONEY LAUNDERING(洗钱) 204
law of the sea 见 MARITIME LAW(海事法) 205
LDC 见LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRY(欠发达国家) 205
leads提前 205
leads and lags提前和延迟 205
League of Arab States阿拉伯国家联盟 205
least developed country(LLDC)最不发达国家 205
legal system法律体系 205
less developed country(LDC)欠发达国家 206
less than fair value(LTFV)低于公平价格 206
letter of credit(L/C)信用证 207
letter of indication印鉴证明书 208
level等级 209
licensed production许可生产 209
licensing许可经营 209
licensing agreement许可协议 209
licensing fees许可费 209
lifetime employment终身雇佣制 209
lingua franca混合语 210
linkage产业间的连环关系 210
liquid assets流动资产 210
liquidation of entry入境清算 210
liquidity流动性 210
living allowance生活津贴 211
LLDC 见LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRY(最不发达国家) 211
Lloyd′s agent劳埃德保险公司的代理 211
local hire本地雇佣 211
local national当地国民 211
localization(of employees)员工的本地化 211
localization of industry产业的本地化 212
location theory区位理论 212
lockout停工 212
logistics物流 212
long service leave长期服务假 212
low context culture低语境文化 213
luncheon voucher(LV)餐券 213
LV 见LUNCHEON VOUCHER(餐券) 213
M 214
macrorisk宏观风险 214
Madrid Agreement马德里协定 214
managed currency管理通货 214
managed float管理浮动 214
managed floating exchange system管理浮动汇率体系 214
managed trade管理贸易 214
management contracting管理合同安排 215
management contracts管理合同 215
management fee管理费 215
manufacturing办工厂 215
maquiladora马基拉多拉 216
marine insurance海事保险 216
marine perils 见PERILS OF THE SEA(海滩) 217
maritime law海事法、海商法、海洋法 217
maritime perils见PERILS OF THE SEA(海滩) 217
mark of origin原产地标志 217
mark sheet标记表 217
market disruption市场混乱 217
market entry strategies市场进入战略 218
market penetration市场渗透率 220
market intelligence营销情报 220
marking标志 220
marking duty标记关税 220
married status已婚身份 220
massify大众化 220
master air waybill航空主提单 220
matrix organizational structure矩阵式组织结构 221
mature economy成熟经济 221
Medivac医疗撤离 221
meet and greet见面问候 221
merchant bank商业银行 222
middle rate中间汇率 222
MIGA 见MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY(多边投资担保机构) 222
Ministry of International Trade and Industry(MITI)通产省(日本) 222
MNC strategy跨国公司战略 222
monetary union货币联盟 224
money laundering洗钱 224
money market货币市场 224
money market instruments货币市场票据 224
money market hedge见HEDGING(海琴、套期保值) 224
most favoured nation seaeas(MFN)最惠国地位 225
multicultural多文化的 225
multidomestic company多国内公司 225
multidomestic industry 见MULTIDOMESTIC COMPANY(多国内公司) 225
multidomestic strategies多国内战略 225
multilateral trade agreement多边贸易协定 225
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(MIGA)多边投资担保机构 226
multilateral netting多边净额 226
multimodal bill of lading多式提单 226
multinational corporation(MNC)跨国公司 226
multinational enterprise(MNE)多国企业 227
multinational firm(MNF)见MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION(多国公司) 227
multiple column tariff多栏税则 227
multiple option facilities多重选择工具 227
Muslim law 见CODE LAW(编码法) 227
mutuality of benefits 见RECIPROCITY(互惠) 227
N 228
national culture国家文化 228
national currency国家货币 228
national treatment国民待遇 228
national treatment with access国民待遇的准入 228
nationalism民族主义、国家主义 229
nationality image国家形象 229
nationalization国有化 229
negotiation谈判 229
nepotism裙带关系 232
netting 见MULTILATERAL NETTING(多边净额) 232
newly industrialized countries(NICs)新兴工业国 232
noncommodity agreement非商品协定 232
nonfinancial incentives非金融性激励 233
nonresident convertibility非居民兑换能力 233
non-tariff barriers非关税壁垒 233
North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定 233
O 234
ocean bill of lading海运提单 234
offset deals 见COUNTERTRADE(对等贸易) 234
offset trade 见COUNTERTRADE(对等贸易) 234
offsets抵销 234
offshore境外 234
offshore banking境外银行业务 234
offshore financial centers海外金融中心 234
offshore funds海外资金 235
on-board bill of lading船上提单 235
on-deck bill of lading甲板提单 235
OPEC 见ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES(石油输出国组织) 235
open account赊帐 235
open cargo policy 见CARGO INSURANCE(货物保险) 235
open door treatment公平对待 235
open insurance policy 见CARGO INSURANCE(货物保险) 236
operational centers操作中心 236
OPIC 见OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION(海外私人投资企业) 236
options期权 236
order bill of lading指示提单 236
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)经济合作与发展组织 236
Organization for European Economic Cooperation(OEEC)欧洲经济合作组织 237
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)石油输出国组织 237
organizational culture组织文化 237
orientation定位 240
overall reciprocity全面互惠 240
overbase compensation超过底薪的补偿 240
Overseas Private Investment Corporation(OPIC)海外私人投资公司 240
P 241
Pacific Economic Cooperation Group(PECG)太平洋经济合作集团 241
Pacific Rim countries环太平洋国家 241
packing list装箱单 241
Pan American Copyright Convention泛美版权公约 241
parallel loans平行贷款 241
parent company母公司 242
parent country national(PCN)母国国民 242
Paris Convention 见PARIS UNION(巴黎同盟) 242
Paris Union巴黎同盟 242
Passport护照 242
Patent专利 242
Patent Cooperation Treaty(PCT)专利合作条约 243
pay equity工资平等 243
PCN 见PARENT COUNTRY NATIONAL(母国国民) 243
Peg稳住(价格) 243
pegged exchange rates固定汇率 243
penalty duty惩罚关税 244
performance evaluation(international managers)国际经理的业绩评价 244
perils of the sea海难 244
permanent assignment常驻任务 245
perq 见PERQUISITE(额外补贴);FRINGE BENEFITS(额外福利) 245
perquisite额外补贴 245
phytosanitary inspection certificate植物检疫证书 245
piggyback exporting依托式出口 245
piracy盗版、海盗行为 245
point-of-hire雇佣地点 246
political risk政治风险 246
political risk insurance政治风险保险 248
political union政治联盟 249
polycentric approach to hiring多中心的雇佣方式 249
polycentric organization多中心组织 250
portfolio foreign investment国外证券投资 250
distance权力距离 250
pre-departure briefing出国前的简介 251
pre-shipment inspection(PSI)运输前的检查 251
predatory dumping掠夺性倾销 251
preferential duties优惠关税 251
price escalation价格升级 251
price suppression价格抑制 251
Private Export Funding Corporation(PEFCO)私人出口基金公司 252
Private Sector Development Program(PSDP)私人部门发展项目 252
Privatization私有化 252
Privatize使私人化 252
Processing处理 253
product life cycle 见INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE(国际产品生命周期) 253
production sharing产品分享制 253
pro forma invoice形式发票 253
prohibitive duty禁止性关税 253
protectionism保护主义 253
protective duty(tariff)保护性关税 253
PSI 见PRE-SHIPMENT INSPECTION(装船前的检查) 254
public cwnership公有制 254
put货币出售权 254
put option货币出售期权 254
Q 255
quad 见QUADRILATERAL TRADE MINISTERS(四边贸易部长) 255
quadrilateral trade四边贸易 255
quadrilateral trade ministers四边贸易部长 255
quality control circle(QCC)质量控制小组 255
quality of working life劳动生活质量 255
quantitative quota数量配额 256
quantity controls(foreign exchange)(外汇的)数量控制 256
quantity restrictions 见QUOTAS(配额) 257
quarantine requirements检疫要求 257
questionable payments 见BRIBERY(贿赂) 257
quitas fiscal财务结算 257
quota配额 257
quotas(commodity agreement)见INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY AGREEMENT(国际商品协定) 257
quotation报价 257
quoted currency报价通知 257
R 258
R and R 见REST AND RELAXATION LEAVE(休息与消遣假) 258
Ramadan斋月 258
Rationalization合理化 258
reciprocal trade agreement 见RECIPROCITY(互惠) 258
reciprocity互惠 258
red clause letter of credit红条款信用证 259
Re-entry(employee)见REPATRIATION(归国) 259
re-entry shock 见REVERSE CULTURE SHOCK(逆向文化冲击) 259
re-entry visa重返签证 259
reference price参考价格 259
regiocentric approach to hiring区域为中心的雇佣方法 259
regiocentrism区域中心主义 260
regional development banks(RDBs)区域开发银行 260
regional economic integration区域经济一体化 260
regional structure区域结构 261
regulatory cost advantage规章成本优势 261
reinvoicing重新计价 261
relativism,cultural and moral文化和道德相对主义 261
relocation allowance迁居补贴 265
relocation and orientation迁居和定位 265
remitting bank托收行 265
repatriation回国、汇回 265
repatriation of employees员工回国 266
repatriation of profits利润汇回 266
reporting currency报告货币 266
representative 见EXPORT AGENT(出口代理) 266
resident alien 见ALIEN(外侨) 266
resident buying agents常驻采购代理 266
resident selling agents常驻销售代理 267
rest and relaxation leave(R&R)休息与逍遣假 267
rest day休息日 267
restricted market限制市场 267
retaliation报复 267
retaliatory duty报复性关税 267
revalorization重新估价 268
revaluation重新估价 268
reverse culture shock逆向文化冲击 268
revocable letter of credit可撤销信用证 269
revolving credit facility循环信用措施 269
revolving letter of credit循环信用证 269
fight of entry proof of入境权利证明 269
right of establishment设立机构的权利 269
Round of Trade Negotia tions(RTN)贸易谈判回合 269
Royalty使用费 270
S 271
SACUA 见SOUTHERN AFERICAN CUSTOMS UNION AGREEMENT(南部非洲关税联盟协定) 271
SADCC 见SOUTHERN AFERICAN DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION COUNCIL(南部非洲发展协调委员会) 271
safe arrival notification安全到达通知 271
safeguards安全保护 271
samurai bonds武士债券、外国日元债券 271
sanction制裁 271
secondary boycott 见BOYCOTT(联合抵制) 271
sectoral reciprocity部门互惠 272
Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)证券交易委员会 272
Selections of expatriates外派人员的选择 272
Services服务 273
settling-in allowance迁入补贴 274
shippers agent托运人代理 274
shipping terms运输条款 274
shunto 274
shutout退装(航运) 275
sight documentary draft 见DOCUMENTARY DRAFT(跟单汇票) 275
signatory签名人 275
single status单身身份 275
Societas Europaea 见EUROPEAN COMPANY(欧洲公司) 275
soft currency软通货 275
sogo shosha(Japan)(日本)综合商社 275
sourcing采购 275
Southern African Customs Union Agreement(SACUA)南部非洲关税联盟协定 275
Southern African Development Coordination Council(SADCC)南部非洲发展协调委员会 276
sovereign immunity国家豁免权 276
specific duty从量税 276
split payroll分开付薪 276
staffing配备员工 276
standardization标准化 278
standby letter of credit备用信用证 278
standby line of credit备用信贷限额 279
straight bill of lading记名提单 279
strategic alliance战略联盟 279
strategic business units(SBUs)战略经营单元 280
strategic information systems(SIS)战略信息系统 280
strategic management战略管理 280
strategic planning 战略计划 见STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT(战略管理) 281
strike price履约价格(证券交易) 281
student visa学生签证 281
supranational agencies超国家的机构 282
switch trade转口贸易 282
SWOT analysis 见STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT(战略管理) 282
syndicato(Brazil)工资指标 282
T 283
targeted production sectors目标生产部门 283
tariff escalation关税升级 283
tariff quota关税配额 283
tax equalization税收均等化 283
tax haven避税地 284
tea money(Australia)(澳大利亚)茶钱 284
term documentary draft 见DOCUMENTARY DRAFT(跟单汇票) 284
third-country national(TCN)第三国国民 284
Third World 见LESS DEVELOPMED COUNTRY(欠发达国家) 284
third-party netting第三方净额交易 284
through bill of lading直达提单 285
time draft定期汇票 285
time orientation时间倾向性 285
TIR carnet国际公路运输证 285
Tokyo Round东京回合 286
total loss only 见FREE OF ALL AVERAGE(一切海损均不赔偿);FREE OF PARTICULAR AVERAGE(平安险) 286
total quality control全面质量管理 286
tourist visa旅游签证 289
trade barriers贸易壁垒 289
trade centers贸易中心 290
trade creation贸易创造 290
trade diversion贸易转移 290
trade fairs商品交易会 290
trade financing贸易融资 290
trade mission贸易访问团 290
trade visitor贸易来访者 291
trademark商标 291
Trademark Registration Treaty(TRT)商标注册条约 291
trading area贸易区 291
trading bloc贸易集团 291
training 见EXPATRIATE TRAINING(外派人员培训) 292
tramp steamer不定期货船 292
transaction exposure交易暴露 292
transfer price转移价格 292
transit visa过境签证 292
translation exposure汇率换算风险 293
Translation risk 见TRANSLATION EXPOSURE(汇率换算风险) 293
transnational corporation(TNC)跨国公司 293
travel time旅行时间 293
travelers letter of credit旅行者信用证 293
treaties条约 293
Treaty of Rome罗马条约 293
triangular arbitrage三地套汇、三角套汇 294
trilateral trade agreement三边贸易协定 294
turnkey plus project交钥匙工程 294
tying clause附带条款 294
U 295
Unbundling分类交易 295
UNCISG 见 UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS(联合国国际商品销售合同会议) 295
UNCITRAL 见UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW(联合国国际贸易法委员会) 295
Underselling低价抛售 295
understanding cultural differences理解文化差异 295
unfair trade不正当贸易 297
uniform bill of lading统一提单 297
unilateral duty单边关税 297
United Nations Center on Transnational Corporations联合国跨国公司中心 297
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)联合国国际贸易法委员会 298
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(UNCISG)联合国国际商品销售合同协定 298
USITA 见UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION(美国国际贸易署) 298
United States International Trade Administration(USITA) 美国国际贸易署 298
universal copyright convention世界版权公约 298
V 300
value dimensions(Hofstede′s)(霍夫施泰德的)价值维度 300
vacation allowance 见COMPENSATION PACKAGE(补偿福利) 301
validated export license 见EXPORT LICNESE(出口许可证);INDIVIDUALLY VALIDATED EXPORT LICENSE(个人有效出口许可证) 301
valuation估价 301
value added增值 301
value-added tax(VAT)增值税 302
VAT见VALUE-ADDED TAX(增值税) 302
Visa签证 302
voluntary quota自愿配额 303
W 304
WAEC 见WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY(西部非洲经济共同体) 304
war risk战争风险 304
warehouse receipt仓库收据 304
warehouse-to-warehouse仓库到仓库 304
warehousing入仓 304
waybill货单 304
West African Economic Community(WAEC)西部非洲经济共同体 305
wharfage码头费 305
wholesaler/distributor批发商/经销商 305
wholly owned subsidiary全部控股的子公司 305
WIPO见WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPE
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