中医基础理论 英汉对照PDF电子书下载

I.Development and Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1

1.Basic Concepts and Theories 1

2.Development of the Theoretical System 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1)Long-Term Accumulation of Medical Experience 2

2)Infiltration of Ancient Natural Sciences 2

3)Influence of Ancient Philosophy 3

II.Basic Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine 6

1.Yin and Yang, Five Elements 6

2.Visceral Manifestation Theory 6

5.Etiology and Pathogenesis 7

7.Principles of Treatment and prevention 7

6.Pathological Mechanism 7

4.Meridian Theory 7

3.Qi, Blood, Body Fluid, and Vitality 7

III.Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine 8

1.Holism 8

1)The Body, an Organic Whole 8

a.Physiological Aspect 9

b.Pathological Aspect 10

c.Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspect 11

2)Unification of the Human and Natural World 12

a.Physiological Aspect 13

b.Pathological Aspect 15

c.Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects 16

2.Treatment Based Upon Syndrome Differentiation 18

I.The Basic Concept of the Theory of Yin-Yang 21

CHAPTER ONE YIN-YANG AND THE FIVE ELEMENTS 21

Section 1 The Theory of Yin-Yang 21

II.Development of the Theory of Yin-Yang 23

III.Generality and Relativity of the Yin-Yang Property 24

IV.Basic Contents of the Yin-Yang Theory 26

1.Opposition and Restriction between Yin and Yang 26

2.Mutual Dependence and Interaction Between Yin and Yang 28

3.Wane-Wax and Equilibrium Between Yin and Yang 30

4.Mutual Transformation Between Yin and Yang 32

V.The Applications of Yin-Yang Theory in TCM 35

1.Explaining the Structure of the Body 35

2.Explaining Physiology of the Body 36

3.Explaining Pathology of the Body 37

4.Application to Clinical Diagnosis and Syndrome Differentiation 38

5.Guiding Clinical Treatment and Herb Application 39

Section 2 The Theory of Five Elements 40

I.The Basic Concept of the Five Elements 40

II.The Development of the Theory of the Five Elements 41

III.The Property Attribution of the Five Elements 42

1.Features of the Five Elements and Attribution Methods 42

2.The Significance of the Attribution of the Five Elements 44

IV.The Laws of Generation and Restraint, Interaction, Predominance-Recovery, Over-Restraint, and Counter-Restraint Among the Five Elements 45

1.Inter-Generation and Inter-Restraint among the Five Elements 45

2.The Interaction and Predominance-Recovery among the Five Elements 47

1)The interactive regulation among the five elements 47

2)The predominance-recovery regulation among the five elements 49

3)The inter-over-restraint and inter-counter-restraint among the five elements 50

1.Classifying the Body s Structure and Reflecting the Unity between the Internaland ExternaEnvironment 52

V.The Application of the Theory of the Five Elements in TCM 52

2.Illustrating the Visceral Functions and Mutual Relationships 53

3.Generalizing the Laws of Pathogenesis and Transmission 54

1)Pathogenesis 54

2)The transmission of disease 55

4.Use in the Diagnosis and Treatment 56

1)Controlling the disease transmission 58

2)Determining Principles of treatment 58

CHAPTER TWO VISCERAL MANIFESTATION 62

Section 1 Introduction 62

I.Basic Concept of Visceral Manifestation 62

II.The Basis of the Visceral Manifestation Theory 62

1.Ancient Antomical Knowledge 62

3.The Accumulation of Clinical Experiences 63

2.A Long-term Observation of Physiological and Pathological Phenomena 63

III.The Main Content of the Viscera Manifestation Theory 64

IV.The Characteristics of Visceral Manifestation Theory 64

V.Common Physiological Characteristics of Zang-viscera and Fu-Viscera 66

Section 2 Five Zang-Viscera 66

I.The Heart (Appendix:Pericardium) 67

1.Physiological Functions of the Heart 67

1)Dominating the Blood Vessels 67

2)Dominating the Mind 68

2.The Relationship of the Heart to other Organs 69

1)Manifestation in the Face 69

2)Opening into the Tongue 70

Appendix:Pericardium 71

2)Correspondence to Summer 71

1)Dominating Yang-Qi 71

3.Physiological Characteristics of the Heart 71

II.The Lung 72

1.Physiological Functions of the Lung 72

1)Domination of Qi 72

2)A Place for Meeting of All Vessels and Coordination Function 73

3)Domination of Dispersing and Depurative Descending 74

4)Regulation of Water Metabolism 76

2.The Relationship of the Lung to other Organs 76

1)Correlating with the Skin and Hair 76

2)Opening into the Nose 77

3)The Throat as a Gateway of the Lung 77

3)Correspondence to Autumn 78

2)Being a Delicate Organ 78

1)As a Florid Canopy 78

3.Physiological Characteristics of the Lung 78

III.The Spleen 79

1.Physiological Function of the Spleen 79

1)Dominating Transportation and Transformation 79

2)In Charge of Sending up 81

3)Commanding the Blood 82

2.The Relationship of the Spleen to other Organs 82

1)Controlling the Muscles and Limbs 82

2)Opening into the Mouth, and Manifestation on the Lips 83

3.Physiological Characteristics of the Spleen 83

1)Likeness of Dryness and Dislikeness of Dampness 83

1)Domination of Conducting and Dispersing 84

1.Physiological Functions of the Liver 84

3)Correspondence to Late Summer 84

2)The Divot Doint of Ascending and Descending Qi 84

IV.The Liver 84

a.Regulating emotional activities 85

b.Aiding digestion and absorption 86

c.Promoting the Qi, Blood, and Water Flowing Normally 87

2)Storing Blood 88

2.The Relationship of the Liver to other Organs 89

1)Dominating the Tendons, and Manifestation on the Nails 89

2)Opening into the Eyes 90

3.Phsiological Characteristics of the Liver 91

1)As a Firm-characterized Organ 91

1.Physiological Functions of the Kidney 92

1)Storing Essence, Dominating Growth, Development and Reproduction 92

2)Likeness of Flourish and Smooth, and Dislikeness of Depression 92

V.The Kidney(Appendix:the Vital Gate) 92

3)Correspondence to Spring 92

2)Dominating Water Metabolism 96

2.The Relationship of the Kidney to other Organs 96

3)Controlling the Reception of Qi 97

1)Dominating Bones and Teeth, Engendering Marrow to Fill up the Brain 98

2)Manifestations in the Hair 99

3)Opening into the Ears, External Genitalia and Anus 99

3.Physiological Characteristics of the Kidney 100

2.The Vital Gate Resides Between the Two Kidneys 101

3.The Theory of the Vital Gate 101

1.The Right Kidney as the Vital Gate 101

Appendix: The Vital Gate 101

4.The Vital Gate as the Motive Power of Qi 102

Section 3 The Six Fu-Viscera 102

I.The Gallbladder 103

1.Storing and Excreting the Bile and Aiding Digestion 103

2.Dominating Decision-Making and Relating with Emotions 103

II.The Stomach 104

1.Receiving of Drink and Food 104

2.Decomposition of Food and Drink 104

3.Dominating Descending for Maintenance of Health 105

III.The Small Intestine 105

IV.The Large Intestine 106

2.Separation of the Clear and the Turbid 106

1.Receiving and Absorbing the Food and Drink 106

V.The Urinary Bladder 107

VI The Triple-Jiao 108

1.In Charge of All Types of Qi 108

2.Controlling Transformative Function of Qi 108

3.Passage for Water-Fluids 109

4.Representing Three Sections of the Human Body 109

1)The Upper-jiao as a Fog-generator 109

2)The Middle-jiao as a Fermentor 109

3)The Lower-jiao as a Drainer 110

5.A Concept in Differentiation of Syndrome 110

Section 4 Extraordinary Organs 110

I.The Brain 111

III.The Bone 112

IV.The Vessels 112

II.The Marrow 112

V.The Uterus 113

1.Producing Menses 113

2.Cultivating the Fetus 114

Section 5 The Relationships between the Zang-Viscera and Fu-Viscera 114

I.The Relationship Between the Zang-Viscera 115

1.The Heart and the Lung 115

1)Lung-Qi Aiding the Heart s Function of Propelling Blood 115

2)Heart-Blood Transporting Lung-Qi 115

2.The Heart and the Spleen 116

1)Blood Formation 116

2)Blood Circulation 116

3.The Heart and the Liver 116

4.The Heart and the Kidney 117

1)Blood Circulation 117

2)Mental and Emotional Activities 117

1)The Harmony between the Heart and the Kidney 118

2)The Essence and Blood Promoting Each Other 118

3)Regulating Mental and Emotional Activities 118

5.The Spleen and the Lung 118

1)The Formation of Qi 118

2)The Water Metabolism 119

6.The Lung and the Liver 119

7.The Lung and the Kidney 120

1)Water Metabolism 120

2)Respiration 120

1)Digestion 121

8.The Liver and the Spleen 121

3)The Yin-Fluids of the lung and the Kidney Nourishing Each Other 121

2)The Formation, Storage, and Circulation of the Blood 122

9.The Spleen and the Kidney 122

10.The Liver and the Kidney 123

1)Common Source of The Liver and Kidney 123

2)Coordination of Yin and Yang in the Liver and Kidney 123

II.The Relationships Between the Zang-Viscera and Fu-Viscera 124

1.The Heart and the Small Intestine 124

2.The Lung and the Large Intestine 124

3.The Spleen and the Stomach 125

1)Coordination of Ingestion and Transportation and Transformation 125

2)Complementary of Ascending and Descending 125

4.The Liver and the Gallbladder 126

3)Adjustment of Dryness and Dampness 126

5.The Kidney and the Bladder 127

III.The Relationships Among the Fu-Viscera 127

CHAPTER THREE QI, BLOOD, BODY FLUID AND VITALITY 130

Section 1 Qi 130

I.Concept of Qi 130

II.Formation of Qi 130

III.Physiological Functions of Qi 131

1.Promoting Fucntion 131

2.Warming Fucntion 131

3.Defending Fucntion 131

4.Comsolidating Fucntion 132

5.Transforming Function 132

IV.Movements of Qi and Their Patterns 132

1)Composition and distribution 133

V.Classification of Qi 133

1.Primordial qi 133

2)Physiological Functions 134

2.Pectoral qi 134

1)Composition and Distribution 134

2)Physiological Functions 134

3.Nutritive Qi 135

1)Composition and Distrbution 135

2)Physiological Functions 135

4.Defensive Qi 135

1)Composition and Distribution 135

2)Physiological Functions 135

1.Nourishing moistening Function 136

III.Physiological Functions 136

II.Formation of Blood 136

I.Concept of Blood 136

Section 2 Blood 136

2.Nourishing the Vitality 137

IV.Blood Circulation 137

Section 3 Body Fluid 138

I.Concept of Body Fluid 138

II.Formation, Distribution and Excretion of Body Fluid 138

1.Formation 138

2.Distribution 138

3.Excretion 139

III.Physiological Functions 139

Section 4 Relationship among Qi, Blood and Body Fluid 139

3.Consolidating Blood Action of Qi 140

2.Propelling Blood Action of Qi 140

I.Relationship Between Qi and Blood 140

1.Hemopoietic Action of Qi 140

4.Blood Being the Mother of Qi 141

II.Relationship Between Qi and Body Fluid 141

1.Generating Fluid Action of Qi 141

2.Circulating Fluid Action of Qi 141

3.Consolidating Fluid action of Qi 141

4.Carrying Qi Action of Fluid 142

III.Relationship Between Blood and Body Fluid 142

Section 5 Vitality 142

I.Concept and Development of Vitality 142

II.Mental Activities and Their Relation to Five Zang-Viscera 143

III.Emotional Activities and Their Relation to Five Zang-Viscera 144

I.The Concept of The Meridians 145

II.The Concept of The Meridian System 145

CHAPTER FOUR MERIDIANS 145

Section 1 The Concept and Composition of the Meridians 145

Section 2 The Twelve Regular Meridians 147

I.Nomenclature and Names 147

II.The Courses, Connections, Distributions, Interior-Exterior Relationships and Cyclical Flow of Meridians 149

1.Rules of Courses and Connections 149

2.Rules of Distribution 149

3.Interior-Exterior Relationships 150

4.The Order of Cyclical Flow 151

Section 3 The Eight Extra Meridians 151

I.The Characteristics and Functions of the Eight Extra Meridians 151

II.The Functions of the Eight Extra Meridians 152

Section 4 Divergent Meridians, Collaterals, Meridian Tendon and Skin Areas 153

I.Divergent Meridians 153

II.Collaterals 154

III.Meridian Tendons 155

IV.Skin Areas 155

Section 5 The Physiology of Meridians and Application of Meridian Theory 156

I.The Physiological Functions of Meridians and Collaterals 156

1.Linking up the Exterior with the Interior and the Upper with the Lower,Connecting the Viscera and Organs 156

1)The Connection of the Viscera with the Extremities 157

2)The Connection of the Viscera with the Five Sense Organs and Nine Orifices 157

3)The Connections Between the Viscera 157

4)The Connections Between Meridians 157

4.Regulating the Balance 158

3.Respones and Conducting Functions 158

2.Circulating Qi and Blood, Nourishing the Viscera and Tissues 158

II.Application of Meridian Theory 159

1.Explaining the Pathological Changes 159

2.Guiding the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases 159

1)Directing the Diagnosis of Diseases 159

2)Guiding the Treatment 160

CHAPTER FIVE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS 162

Section 1 Etiology 162

I.The Six Climatic Evils 163

1.Wind 165

2.Cold 166

3.Summer-Heat 168

4.Dampness 169

5.Dryness 170

6.Fire(Heat) 171

II.Pestilential Evils 173

III.Seven Emotions 174

1.The Relationship of The Seven Emotions to the Qi, Blood, and Viscera 174

2.The Pathogenic Features of the Seven Emotions 174

1)Directly Impairing the Viscera 175

2)Affecting the Functions of the Visceral Qi 176

3)Deteriorating Effects of Emotional Instability 177

IV.Diet, Work and Rest 177

1.Improper Food and Drink 177

1)Over-Hunger and Over-Intake 177

3)Food and Drink Preference 178

a.Food and drink being too cold or hot 178

2)Unclean Food and Drink 178

b.Preference for particular flavors of food and drink 179

2.Impairment due to Overstrain and Over-Ease 179

1)Overstrain 179

2)Over-Ease 180

V.Trauma 180

VI.Retention of Phlegm and Fluid and Stagnant Blood 182

1.Retention of Phlegm and Static Fluid 182

2.Stagnant Blood 183

Section 2 Pathogenesis 184

I.The Basis Concepts of the Occurrence of Disease 184

II.Principles of the Occurrence of Disease 185

1.Disease--The Result of the Struggle Between the Genuine-Qi and the Evil-Qi 185

2)When the Evil-Qi Gets a Chance to Attack the Body, the Body s Genuine-Qi Must Be Weak 186

1)When the Geuine-Qi Keeps Itself Inside the Body, the Evil-Qi will Be Unable to Attack 186

2. Deficiency of the Genuine-qi --The Internal Cause of Disease 186

3.The Evil-Qi--The Important Condition of Disease 187

III.Constitution, Mental State, Environment, Nutrition, and Physical Activities--Their relation to Disease 188

1.Constitution 188

2.The Mental State 189

3.Environment 189

4.Nutrition and Physical Activities 190

IV.The General Rule of the Occurrence and Development of Disease 191

1.Pathogenic Routes and Pathogenic Sites 191

1)The External Pathogenic Route 191

2)The Internal Pathogenic Route 192

3)Traumatic Pathogenic Route 193

2.Development and Transmission of Disease 193

Section 1 Basic Pathological Mechanism 196

CHAPTER SIX PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM 196

I.Prosperity and Decline of the Evil-Qi and the Genuine-Qi 197

1.Prosperity and Decline of the Evil-Qi and the Genuine-Qi and Their PathologicalChanges in Deficiency and Excess 197

2.Prosperity and Decline of the Evil-QI and the Genuine-Qi and the Development of Disease 199

1)Prevalence of the Genuine-Qi with Abatement of the Evil-Qi 199

2)Preponderance of the Evil-Qi with Debilitation of the Genuine-Qi 199

II.Imbalance Between Yin and Yang 200

1.Relative Exuberance of Yin or Yang 201

1)Exuberance of Yang 201

2)Exuberance of Yin 202

2.Relative Deficiency of Yin or Yang 203

1)Deficiency of Yang 203

1)Impaired Yin Affecting Yang 204

2)Deficiency of Yin 204

3.Mutual Impairment of Yin and Yang 204

2)Impaired Yang Affecting Yin 205

4.Repellency Between Yin and Yang 205

1)Excessive Yin Repelling Yang or Upward Floating of Yang 205

2)Excessive Yang Repelling Yin 206

5.Depletion of Yin and Yang 206

1)Yang Depletion 206

2)Yin Depletion 206

III.Disturbance of Qi and Blood 207

1.Disturbance of Qi 208

1)Deficiency of Qi 208

2)Disturbance of Activity of Qi 208

a.Qi stagnation 209

b.Reversed flow of qi 210

c.Qi sinking 210

d.Qi blockage and qi collapse 211

2.Disturbance of Blood 211

1)Blood Deficiency 211

2)Blood Stasis 212

3)Over-Heat of the Blood 212

4)Extravascular Flow of Blood 213

3.Disturbances of Qi and Blood Interaction 213

1)Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis 214

2)Failure of Qi to Control Blood 214

IV.Abnormal Metabolism of Body Fluids 215

5)Qi and Blood Failing to Nourish the Meridians 215

4)Deficiency of Both Qi and Blood 215

3)Qi Collapse Following Massive Bleeding 215

1.Insufficiency of the Body Fluids 216

2.Disturbance of Distribution and Excretion of Body Fluids 216

3.Disturbance of Body Fluid and Qi and Blood 218

1)Retention of Body Fluid and Obstruction of Qi 218

2)Qi Collapse Following Massive Loss of Body Fluids 219

3)Exhaustion of body Fluids and Blood 219

4)Deficiency of Body Fluid and Blood Stasis 219

Section 2 The Pathological Mechanism of Exogenous Febrile Diseases 219

I.Pathological Mechanism of the Six Meridians 220

1.Patholigilal Mechanism of Taiyyang Disease 221

2.Pathological Mechanism of Yangming Disease 222

3.Pathological Mechanism of Shaoyyang Disease 224

4.Pathological Mechanism of Taiyyin Disease 225

5.Pathological Mechanism of Shaoyyin Disease 225

6.Pathological Mechanism of Jueyyin Disease 227

II.Pathological Mechanism of Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue 228

1.Pathological Mechanism of Wei-Stage 229

2.Pathological Mechanism of Qi-Stage 229

3.Pathological Mechanism of Ying-Stage 231

4.Pathological Mechanism of Xue-Stage 231

III.Pathological Mechanism of Triple-Jiao 232

1.Pathological Mechanism of Upper-Jiao Damp-Heat 233

2.Pathological Mechanism of Middle-Jiao Damp-Heat 234

3.The Pathological Mechanism of Lower-Jiao Damp-Heat 235

Section 3 The Pathological Mechanism of the Five Endogenous Evils 236

2.Extreme Heat Causing Wind 237

I.Wind-Qi Stirring Within 237

1.Transformation of Liver-Yang into Wind 237

3.Yin Deficiency Causing Wind 238

4.Blood Deficiency Causing Wind 238

II.Endogenous Cold 238

III.Damp-Turbidity Encumbered Within the Body 239

IV.Impairment of Body Fluids Transformed into Dryness 241

V.Endogenous Fire-Heat 242

Section 4 Pathological Mechanisms of the Zang-Viscera and Fu-Viscera 243

I.Pathological Mechanism of the Five Zang-Viscera 245

1.Pathological Mechanism of the Heart 245

1)Disorder of Heart-Yang and Heart-Qi 246

a.Excess of the heart yang-qi 246

b.Deficiency of the heart yang-qi 247

b.Impairment of heart-blood 249

c.Stagnation of heart-blood 249

2)Disturbance in Heart-Yin and Heart-Blood 249

a.Insufficienal of heart-yin 249

2.Pathological Mechanism of the Lung 250

1)Abnormality of Lung-Qi 250

a.Disorders of lung-qi dispersing and depurative descending 251

b.Insufficiency of Lung-qi 251

2)Disorder of Lung-Yin 252

3.Pathological Mechanism of the Spleen 252

1)Disorder of Spleen-Yang and Spleen-Qi 253

a.Deficiency of spleen-qi 253

b.Deficiency of spleen-yang 253

2)Disorder of Spleen-Yin 254

c.Water accumulating in middle-jiao 254

1)Disorders of Liver-Yang and Liver-Qi 255

4.Pathological Mechanism of the Liver 255

a.Stagnation of liver-qi 256

b.Transverse inversion of liver-qi 256

c.Flaming up of the liver-fire 256

2)Disturbance of Liver-Yin and Liver-Blood 257

a.Insufficiency of Liver-blood 257

b.Hyperactivity of liver-yang 257

c.Stirring of the liver wind 258

5.Pathological Mechanisms of the Kidney 258

1)Insufficiency of the Essence-Qi in the Kidney 259

a.Deficiency of the kidney-essence 259

a.Deficiency of kidney-yin 260

b.Deficiency of kidney-yang 260

2)Disturbance of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang 260

b.Unconsolidation of kidney-qi 260

c.Hyperactivity of ministerial fire 261

II Pathological Mechanisms of Six Fu-Viscera 261

1.Pathological Mechanisms of the Gall Bladder 261

2.Pathological Mechanism of the Stomach 262

1)Disturbance of the Stomach Yang-Qi 262

2)Disturbance of Stomach-Yin 263

3.Pathological Mechanism of the Small Intestine 263

4.Pathological Mechanism of the Large Intestine 264

5.Pathological Mechanism of the Urinary Bladder 265

6.Pathological Mechanism of Triple-Jiao 265

2.Pathological Mechanism of the Marrow and Bones 266

III. Pathological Mechanism of Extraordinary Organs 266

1.Pathological Mechanism of the Brain 266

3.Pathological Mechanism of the Vessels 267

4.Pathological Mechanism of the Uterus 267

1)Disorder of Qi and Blood Leadeng to Dysfunctions of the Uterus 267

2)Dydfunctions of the Heant, Spleen and Kidney leadeng to the Dysfunctions of Uterus 268

3)Disorder of Chong and Ren Meridians Leadig to the Dysfunctions of Uterus 269

CHAPTER SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION 270

Section 1 Prevention 270

I.Prevention of the Occurrence of Diseases 271

1.Taking Physical Exercises and Building up a Good Physique 271

2.Taking Care of the Body, Avoiding Over-exertion 271

3.Tranquilizing the brain and Keeping Optimistic 272

II.Prevention of Progresses of Diseases 273

4.Herbs Used for Medicinal Prevention 273

Section 2 Principles of Treatment 274

I.Treating the Root and Distinguishing the Primary vs the Secondary and Urgent vs Less Urgent 275

1.Distinguishing Root vs Branch, Urgent vs the Less Urgent 275

1)Treating the Branch First in Emergency Case 276

2)Treating the Branch in Less Urgent Case 277

3)Treating the Root and the Branch Simultaneously 277

2.Routing Treatment and Contrary Treatment 278

II Strengthening the Genuine-Qi and Eliminating the Evil-Qi, Correctly Handling the Relationship Between Them 280

1.Strengthening the Genuine-qi to Dispel the Evil-qi 281

2.Removing the Evil-qi to Help the Genuine-qi 281

5.Elimination and Reinforcement in Combination 282

4.Tonifying First and then Eliminating 282

3.Eliminating First and then Tonifying 282

III.Paying Attention to the Integrity, Correctly Handling the Relationship Between the Local and the Whole 283

1.Regulating Yin and Yang 283

1)Reducing the Redundant 283

2)Reinforcing the Deficient 284

2.Regulating Functions of Viscera 285

3.Regulating Qi and Blood 285

IV. Treatments in Correspondence to Seasons, Geographical Envircnment and Individuality 286

1)Treatment in Correspondence to Seasons 286

2)Treatment in Correspondence to Geographical Environment 287

3)Treatment in Correspondence to Individuality 288

一、中医学和中医基础理论的概念、形成与发展 291

绪论 291

二、中医基础理论的主要内容 293

三、中医学的基本特点 294

(一)整体观念 294

1.人体是统一的有机整体 295

2.人与自然界的统一关系 296

(二)辨证论治 299

第一章 阴阳、五行 302

第一节 阴阳学说 302

一、阴阳学说的基本概念 302

二、阴阳学说的形成及沿革 303

三、阴阳属性的普遍性和相对性 304

四、阴阳学说的基本内容 305

(一)阴阳的对立制约 305

(二)阴阳的互根互用 306

(三)阴阳的消长平衡 307

(四)阴阳的相互转化 308

五、阴阳学说在中医学中的应用 309

(一)说明人体的组织结构 309

(二)说明人体的生理功能 309

(三)说明人体的病理变化 310

(四)用于临床诊法辨证 311

(五)指导临床治疗用药 311

第二节 五行学说 311

一、五行学说的基本概念 311

二、五行学说的形成与沿革 312

三、五行的属性归类 312

(二)五行归类的意义 313

(一)五行的特性及归类方法 313

四、五行的生克、制化、胜复、乘侮规律 314

(一)五行的相生、相克 314

(二)五行的制化、胜复 315

1.五行的制化调节 315

2.五行的胜复调节 316

(三)五行的相乘、相侮 317

五、五行学说在中医学中的应用 318

(一)归属人体组织结构，反映内外环境统一 318

(二)说明脏腑生理功能与某些相互联系 318

(三)概括脏腑病变的某些发病和传变规律 319

(四)用于疾病的诊断与治疗 320

(二)长期对生理、病理现象的观察 323

(一)古代解剖学知识 323

二、藏象学说形成的基础 323

第一节 概述 323

第二章 藏象 323

一、藏象和藏象学说的基本概念 323

(三)经过验证的丰富的临床经验总结 324

三、藏象学说的主要内容 324

四、藏象学说的特点 324

第一节 五脏 325

一、心 325

(一)心的生理功能 326

1.主血脉 326

2.主神志 326

(三)心的生理特性 327

二、肺 327

附：心包络 327

1.其华在面 327

2.开窍干舌 327

(二)心与其它组织器官的关系 327

(一)肺的生理功能 328

1.肺生气 328

2.朝百脉 328

3.主宣发与肃降 329

4.肺对水液代谢的调节作用 329

(二)肺与其它组织器官的关系 329

1.外合皮毛 329

(一)脾的生理功能 330

三、脾 330

1.主运化 330

3.喉为肺之门户 330

(三)肺的生理特性 330

2.开窍于鼻 330

2.脾气主升 331

3.主统血 332

(二)脾与其它组织器官的关系 332

1.主肌肉、四肢 332

2.开窍于口，其华在唇 332

(三)脾的生理特性 332

四、肝 333

(一)肝的生理功能 333

1.主疏泄 333

2.主藏血 334

(二)肝与其它组织器官的关系 335

1.主筋，其华在爪 335

2.开窍于目 335

(三)肝的生理特性 335

五、肾 336

(一)肾的生理功能 336

1.藏精，主生长、发育与生殖 336

2.主水液 337

3.主纳气 338

(二)肾与其它组织器官的关系 338

1.主骨，生髓，通于脑，齿为骨之余 338

(二)肾的生理特性 339

附：命门 339

2.其华在发 339

3.开窍于耳及二阴 339

第三节 六腑 340

一、胆 340

(一)贮藏、排泄胆汁，助消化 341

(二)主决断，与情志活动有关 341

二、胃 341

(一)主受纳水谷 341

(二)主腐熟水谷 341

(三)主通降 341

(二)泌别清浊 342

五、膀胱 342

四、大肠 342

(一)受盛饮食物 342

三、小肠 342

六、三焦 343

(一)主持诸气 343

(二)总司人体气化 343

(三)为水液运行之道路 343

第四节 奇恒之腑 344

一、脑 344

二、髓 344

三、骨 344

四、脉 345

五、女子胞 345

(三)心与肝 346

(一)心与肺 346

(二)心与脾 346

第五节 脏腑之间的关系 346

一、脏与脏的关系 346

(四)心与肾 347

(五)脾与肺 347

(六)肺与肝 348

(七)肺与肾 348

(八)肝与脾 348

(九)脾与肾 349

(十)肝与肾 349

二、脏与腑的关系 349

(一)心与小肠 349

(四)肝与胆 350

(五)肾与膀胱 350

(三)脾与胃 350

(二)肺与大肠 350

三、腑与腑的关系 351

第三章 气、血、津液、精神 352

第一节 气 352

一、气的概念 352

二、气的生成 352

三、气的生理功能 352

(一)推动作用 352

(二)温煦作用 352

(三)防御作用 353

(四)固摄作用 353

(五)气化作用 353

四、气的运动和运动形式 353

(四)卫气 354

(二)宗气 354

(三)营气 354

五、气的分布与分类 354

(一)元气 354

第二节 血 355

一、血的概念 355

二、血的生成 355

三、血的生理功能 355

(一)营养和滋润作用 355

(二)血能养神 355

四、血的运行 355

二、津液的生成、输布和排泄 356

第三节 津液 356

一、津液的概念 356

三、津液的功能 357

第四节 气、血、津液之间的相互关系 357

一、气和血的关系 357

(一)气能生血 357

(二)气能行血 357

(三)气能摄血 357

(四)血为气母 357

三、血和津液的关系 358

(四)津能载气 358

一、精神活动的概念及其产生 358

第五节 精神 358

(三)气能摄津 358

(二)气能行(化)津 358

(一)气能生津 358

二、气和津液的关系 358

二、神志活动的表现及其与五脏的关系 359

三、神志活动的表现及其与五脏的关系 359

第四章 经络 361

第一节 经络的概念和经络系统的组成 361

一、经络的概念 361

二、经络系统的组成 361

附：经络系统简表 362

第二节 十二经脉 362

一、命名原则及名称 362

二、走向、交接、分布、表里关系及流注次序 363

三、循行部位：从略 364

第三节 奇经八脉 364

一、奇经八脉的特点和作用 364

二、奇经八脉的基本功能 365

三、奇经八脉的循行部位：从略 365

第四节 经别、别络、经筋、皮部 365

一、经别 365

二、别络 366

三、经筋 366

四、皮部 366

第五节 经络的生理及经络学说的应用 367

一、经络的生理功能 367

二、经络学说的应用 368

第一节 病因 369

一、六淫 369

第五章 病因与发病 369

(一)风 370

(二)寒 370

(三)暑 371

(四)湿 371

(五)燥 372

(六)火 372

二、疠气 373

三、七情内伤 373

(一)七情与内脏气血的关系 374

(二)七情致病的特点 374

2.饮食不洁 375

(二)劳逸损伤 375

3.饮食偏嗜 375

(一)饮食不节 375

1.饥饱失常 375

四、饮食、劳逸 375

1.过劳 376

2.过逸 376

五、外伤 376

六、痰饮、瘀血 376

(一)痰饮 377

(二)瘀血 377

(二) 正气虚 是疾病发生的内在根据 378

二、发病的基本原理 378

(一)疾病的发生是 正邪相争 、 正不胜邪 的结果 378

一、发病的基本概念 378

第二节 发病 378

(三)致病邪气是发病的重要条件 379

三、体质、精神状态、生活环境、营养和锻炼与疾病发生的关系 379

(一)体质因素 379

(二)精神状态 380

(三)生活环境 380

(四)营养和锻炼 380

四、疾病发生、发展的一般规律 380

(一)发病途径及病变部位 381

(二)疾病的发展与传变 382

(一)邪正盛衰与虚实的病理变化 383

一、邪正盛衰 383

第一节 基本病机 383

第六章 病机 383

(二)邪正盛衰于疾病的趋向和转归 384

1.正胜则邪却 384

2.邪胜则正衰 384

二、阴阳失调 384

(一)阴阳偏盛 385

1.阳盛 385

2.阴盛 385

(二)阴阳偏衰 386

1.阳虚 386

2.阴虚 386

(三)阴阳互损 386

1.阴损及阳 386

(五)阴阳亡失 387

2.阳盛格阴 387

2.亡阴 387

1.亡阳 387

(四)阴阳格拒 387

2.阳损及阳 387

1.阴盛格阳或戴阳 387

三、气血失常 388

(一)气的失常 388

1.气虚 388

2.气机失调 388

(二)血的失常 390

1.血虚 390

2.血瘀 390

3.血热 390

4.血液妄行 390

3.气随血脱 391

5.气血不荣经脉 391

4.气血两虚 391

(三)气血互根互用功能失调 391

2.气不摄血 391

1.气滞血瘀 391

四、津液代谢失常 392

(一)津液亏损不足 392

(二)津液输布排泄障碍 392

1.湿浊困阻 392

2.水液贮留 392

第二节 外感热病病机 393

4.津亏血瘀 393

2.气随液脱 393

3.津枯血燥 393

1.水停气阻 393

(三)津液与气血功能失调 393

3.痰饮凝聚 393

一、六经病机 394

(一)太阳病机 394

(二)阳明病机 395

(三)少阳病机 395

(四)太阴病机 395

(五)少阴病机 396

(六)厥阴病机 396

二、卫气营血病机 397

(一)卫分病机 397

(二)气分病机 397

三、三焦病机 398

(四)血分病机 398

(三)营分病机 398

(一)上焦湿热病机 399

(二)中焦湿热病机 399

(三)下焦湿热病机 400

第三节 内生 五邪 病机 400

一、风气内动 400

(一)肝阳化风 400

(二)热极生风 401

(三)阴虚风动 401

(四)血虚生风 401

二、寒从中生 401

三、湿浊内困 401

四、津伤化燥 402

五、火热内生 402

第四节 脏腑病机 403

一、五脏病机 404

(一)心的病机 404

1.心阳心气的失调 404

2.心阴心血的失调 405

(二)肺的病机 406

1.肺气的失调 406

2.肺阴的失调 407

(三)脾的病机 407

1.脾阳脾气的失调 407

2.脾阴的失调 408

(四)肝的病机 408

1.肝阳肝气的失调 408

(五)肾的病机 409

2.肝阴肝血的失调 409

1.肾的精气不足 410

2.肾的阴阳失调 410

二、六腑病机 411

(一)胆的病机 411

(二)胃的病机 411

1.胃的阳气失调 411

2.胃阴失调 411

(三)小肠病机 412

(四)大肠病机 412

(五)膀胱病机 412

(六)三焦病机 412

(四)女子胞病机 413

(三)脉的病机 413

(二)髓与骨的病机 413

三、奇恒之腑病机 413

(一)脑的病机 413

第七章 防治原则 415

第一节 预防 415

一、未病先防 415

(一)加强锻炼，增强体质 415

(二)调养形体，不妄作劳 416

(三)调养精神，保持乐观 416

(四)药物预防，广泛投药 416

二、既病防变 416

第二节 治则 417

一、治病求本，分清主次缓急 417

(一)标本缓急 417

(一)扶正以祛邪 419

(二)正治、反治 419

二、扶正祛邪，正确处理正与邪的关系 419

(二)祛邪以扶正 420

(三)先攻后补 420

(四)先补后攻 420

(五)攻补兼施 420

三、重视整体，正确处理局部和整体的关系 420

(一)调整阴阳 420

(二)调整脏腑功能 421

(三)调理气血 422

四、因时、因地、因人制宜 422

(一)因时制宜 422

(二)因地制宜 422

(三)因人制宜 423