医学统计与流行病学方法PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Medical statistics 1

Chapter 1 Introduction of Medical Statistics 1

1．Definition of Statistics 1

2．Statistics and Medicine 1

3．Basic Contents 2

4．Basic Concepts 2

5．Types of Data 4

6．Steps of Statistical Work 4

7．Methods of Study for Medical Students 4

Chapter 2 Description of Measurement Data 5

1．Distribution of Frequency 5

2．Average 6

3．Measures of Spread or Dispersion 10

4．Normal Distribution and Applications 13

2．Student t-distribution 20

1．Sampling Error and Standard Error 20

Chapter 3 Inference of Measurement Data 20

3．Confidence Interval of Population Mean 21

4．Hypothesis Testing of Population Mean 22

5．t-test and u-test 23

6．Type Ⅰ Error and Type Ⅱ Error 26

7．Attention in the Hypothesis Testing 26

Chapter 4 Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) 28

1．Complete Randomized Design One-way ANOVA 29

2．Post Hoc Comparisons 32

3．Randomized Block Design ANOVA 33

Chapter 5 Description of Enumeration Data 36

1．Relative Number 36

2．Cautions in the Use of Relative Number 36

3．Standardization of Rate 37

1．Sampling Error of Proportion 41

2．Confidence Interval of Population Proportion 41

Chapter 6 Inference of Enumeration Data 41

3．Hypothesis Testing of Proportion(u-test) 42

4．Chi-square Test(x2-test) 43

5．Cautions in Chi-square Test for R×C Table 48

Chapter 7 Linear Correlation and Regression 50

1．Linear Correlation Analysis 50

2．Linear Regression analysis 54

3．Cautions of Correlation and Regression Analysises 55

Chapter 8 Statistical Tables and Graphs 57

1．Principles of Making Tables and Graphs 57

2．Common Statistical Tables 57

3．Common Statistical Graphs 58

Part Ⅱ Method of Epidemiology 63

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Epidemiology 63

1．A Brief History of Epidemiology 63

2．Epidemiology Definition and Explanation 65

3．Methods in Epidemiological Studies 66

4．The Scope and Objectives of Epidemiology 69

Chapter 2 Distribution of Disease 71

1．Three Patterns of Distribution 71

2．Measures of Disease Frequency 83

3．Patterns of Spread of a Disease 87

Chapter 3 Cross-sectional Studies 89

1．What is a Cross-sectional Study? 89

4．Category of Cross-sectional Studies 90

3 Uses of Cross-sectional Studies 90

2．Charaterestics of Cross-sectional Studies 90

5．Design of Cross-sectional Studies 95

6．Advantages and Disadvantage of Cross-sectional Studies 95

7．Overview of Questionnaire Design 95

Chapter 4 Case-Control Studies 100

1．Definition of Case-control Study 100

2．Charaterestics of Case-control Studies 101

3．Design of Case-control Studies 101

4．Advantages and Disadvantage of Case-control Studies 107

1．Definition of Cohort Studies 110

Chapter 5 Cohort Studies 110

2．Charaterestics of Cohort Studies 111

3．Types of Cohort Studies 111

4．Design of Cohort Studies 111

5．Analysis of Cohort Studies 113

6．Advantages and Disadvantages of Cohort Studies 117

Chapter 6 Experimental Studies 118

1．Definition of Experimental Studies 118

2．Characters of Experimental Studies 118

3．Types of Experimental Studies 118

4．Clinical Trials 119

1．History of Cause of Diseases 125

2．Concept of Cause 125

Chapter 7 Causes and Causal Inference 125

3．Types of Causes 126

4．The Epidemiological Process of Ascertaining the Cause 126

5．Criteria for Causation 129

6．Bias 130

Part Ⅲ 流行病学方法 135

第一章　流行病学简介 135

一、流行病学简史 135

二、流行病学概念 136

三、流行病学方法 137

四、流行病学研究的范围与目的 138

第二章　疾病的分布 141

一、疾病的三间分布 141

二、疾病频率的测量 150

三、疾病流行强度 153

二、现况调查的用途和目的 154

三、现况调查的种类 154

一、现况调查的概念与特征 154

第三章　现况调查 154

四、现况调查的局限性 158

五、现况调查研究设计要点 158

第四章　病例对照研究 161

一、病例对照研究的定义 161

二、病例对照研究的特征 161

三、病例对照研究设计与分析 161

四、病例对照研究优缺点 166

第五章　队列研究 168

一、队列研究的定义 168

二、队列研究的特征 168

三、队列研究的种类 168

四、队列研究的设计 169

五、队列研究资料的分析 171

六、队列研究的优缺点 175

一、概述 176

第六章　流行病学实验研究 176

二、临床实验 178

三、临床实验的基本原则 180

四、流行病学实验应注意的伦理道德问题 182

五、流行病学实验的优缺点 182

第七章　病因及病因推断 184

一、病因的概念 184

二、病因概念的发展 184

三、病因分类 185

四、流行病学研究病因的方法 186

五、确定病因与疾病因果关联的标准 188

Appendix 1 Critical values of t 191

Appendix 2.1 Critical values of F(for analysis of variance) 192

Appendix 2.2 Critical values of F(for analysis of variance) 193

Appendix 2.3 Critical values of F(for analysis of variance) 194

Appendix 2.4 Critical values of F(for analysis of variance) 195

Appendix 3 Critical values of q(for Newman-Keuls) 196

Bibliography 197