计算机基础 影印版PDF电子书下载

1．Understanding the Computer 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Evolution of Computers 3

1.3 Generations of Computers 6

1.4 Classification of Computers 11

1.5 Computing Concepts 18

1.6 The Computer System 18

1.7 Applications of Computers 20

Chapter Summary 21

Key Terms to Remember 21

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 22

Multiple Choice Questions 23

Discussion Questions 24

2．Computer Organisation and Architecture 26

2.1 Introduction 26

2.2 Central Processing Unit 27

2.3 Internal Communications 30

2.4 Machine Cycle 34

2.5 The Bus 35

2.6 Instruction Set 36

Chapter Summary 38

Key Terms to Remember 38

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 39

Multiple Choice Questions 40

Discussion Questions 41

3．Memory and Storage Systems 43

3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 Memory Representation 44

3.3 Random Access Memory 46

3.4 Read Only Memory 49

3.5 Storage Systems 50

3.6 Magnetic Storage Systems 50

3.7 Optical Storage Systems 53

3.8 Magneto Optical Systems 55

3.9 Solid-state Storage Devices 56

3.10 Storage Evaluaton Criteria 58

Chapter Summary 58

Key Terms to Remember 59

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 59

Multiple Choice Questions 60

Discussion Questions 61

4．Input Devices 63

4.1 Introduction 63

4.2 Keyboard 64

4.3 Pointing Devices 65

4.4 Scanning Devices 68

4.5 Optical Recognition Devices 70

4.6 Digital Camera 72

4.7 Voice Recognition System 74

4.8 Data Acquisition Sensors 74

4.9 Media Input Devices 74

Chapter Summary 76

Key Terms to Remember 76

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 77

Multiple Choice Questions 78

Discussion Questions 79

5．Output Devices 81

5.1 Introduction 81

5.2 Display Monitors 82

5.3 Printers 84

5.4 Impact Printers 84

5.5 Non-impact Printers 86

5.6 Plotters 87

5.7 Voice Output Systems 88

5.8 Projectors 89

5.9 Terminals 89

Chapter Summary 90

Key Terms to Remember 90

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 91

Multiple Choice Questions 92

Discussion Questions 93

6．Computer Codes 94

6.1 Introduction 94

6.2 Decimal System 95

6.3 Binary System 96

6.4 Hexadecimal System 97

6.5 Octal System 98

6.6 4-bit Binary Coded Decimal(BCD)Systems 99

6.7 8-bit BCD Systems 103

6.8 16-bit Unicode 108

6.9 Conversion of Numbers 110

Chapter Summary 119

Key Terms to Remember 119

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 120

Multiple Choice Questions 121

Discussion Questions 122

7．Computer Arithmetic 123

7.1 Introduction 123

7.2 Binary Addition 124

7.3 Binary Multiplication 126

7.4 Binary Subtraction 128

7.5 Binary Division 130

7.6 Signed/unsigned Numbers 132

7.7 Complements of Binary Numbers 133

7.8 Binary Subtraction Using Complements 137

7.9 Representing Numbers 143

7.10 Integer Arithmetic 145

7.11 Floating-point Arithmetic 152

7.12 Errors in Arithmetic 154

7.13 Laws of Arithmetic 156

Chapter Summary 158

Key Terms to Remember 158

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 159

Multiple Choice Questions 159

Discussion Questions 161

8．Boolean Algebra of Switching Circuits 162

8.1 Introduction 162

8.2 Elements of Boolean Algebra 163

8.3 Basic Postulates of Boolean Algebra 165

8.4 Boolean Operations 166

8.5 Principle of Duality 167

8.6 Basic Laws of Boolean Algebra 168

8.7 Demorgan's Theorem 178

8.8 Boolean Expressions 180

8.9 Venn Diagram 182

Chapter Summary 184

Key Terms to Remember 184

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 185

Multiple Choice Questions 186

Discussion Questions 187

9．Logic Gates and Digital Circuits 189

9.1 Introduction 189

9.2 Basic Logic Gates 190

9.3 Derived Logic Gates 193

9.4 Conversion of Boolean Functions 195

9.5 Adder Circuits 202

9.6 Flip-flop Circuits 204

9.7 Application of Flip-flops 206

Chapter Summary 209

Key Terms to Remember 209

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 209

Multiple Choice Questions 210

Discussion Questions 211

10．Computer Software 213

10.1 Introduction 213

10.2 Types of Computer Software 214

10.3 System Management Programs 215

10.4 System Development Programs 217

10.5 Standard Application Programs 220

10.6 Unique Application Programs 223

10.7 Problem Solving 225

10.8 Structuring the Logic 228

10.9 Using the Computer 231

Chapte rSummary 232

Key Terms to Remember 233

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 234

Multiple Choice Questions 234

Discussion Questions 235

11．Operating Systems 237

11.1 Introduction 238

11.2 History of Operating Systems 238

11.3 Functions of Operating Systems 239

11.4 Process Management 240

11.5 Memory Management 246

11.6 File Management 249

11.7 Device Management 251

11.8 Security Management 253

11.9 Types of Operating Systems 253

11.10 Providing User Interface 256

11.11 Popular Operating Systems 258

Chapter Summary 262

Key Terms to Remember 263

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 264

Multiple Choice Questions 265

Discussion Questions 266

12．Microsoft Software 267

12.1 Introduction 267

12.2 MS-DOS 268

12.3 MS Word System 278

12.4 MS Excel System 290

12.5 MS Powerpoint System 298

12.6 MS Access System 303

12.7 MS Publisher 319

Chapter Summary 327

Key Terms to Remember 328

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 329

Multiple Choice Questions 329

Discussion Questions 331

13．Programming Languages 332

13.1 Introduction 332

13.2 History of Programming Languages 333

13.3 Generations of Programming Languages 335

13.4 Characteristics of a Good Programming Language 340

13.5 Categorisation of High-level Languages 341

13.6 Popular High-level Languages 343

13.7 Factors Affecting the Choice of a Language 347

13.8 Developing a Program 348

13.9 Running a Program 351

Chapter Summary 352

Key Terms to Remember 352

Review Questions 353

Fill in the blanks 353

Multiple Choice Questions 354

Discussion Questions 355

14．Data Communications and Networks 356

14.1 Introduction 356

14.2 Data Communication Using Modem 357

14.3 Computer Network 359

14.4 Network Topologies 365

14.5 Network Protocols and Software 369

14.6 Applications of Network 370

Chapter Summary 370

Key Terms to Remember 371

Review Questions 371

Fill in the blanks 371

Multiple Choice Questions 372

Discussion Questions 373

15．The Internet and World Wide Web 375

15.1 Introduction 375

15.2 History of Internet 376

15.3 Internet Applications 378

15.4 Understanding the World Wide Web 381

15.5 Web Browsers 381

15.6 Browsing the internet 384

15.7 Using a Search Engine 386

15.8 Email Service 389

15.9 Protocols Used for the Internet 389

Chapter Summary 392

Key Terms to Remember 392

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 393

Multiple Choice Questions 393

Discussion Questions 395

16．Introduction to C Programming 396

16.1 Introduction 396

16.2 Characer set,Keywords and Data Types 398

16.3 Preprocessor Directives 401

16.4 Constants and Variable Types 403

16.5 Operators and Statements 406

16.6 Control Statements 411

16.7 Arrays and Strings 432

16.8 Functions 434

16.9 Structures 439

16.10 Pointers 442

16.11 Files in C 443

Chapter Summary 445

Sample Programs 445

Key Terms to Remember 449

Review Questions Fill in the blanks 450

Multiple Choice Questions 451

Discussion Questions 452

Appendix A 453

Appendix B 460