物理 第1册PDF电子书下载

Preface　 1

Mechanics 2

Chapter 1　Force　 2

Ⅰ Force 3

Ⅱ Gravitational force 4

Ⅲ Elastic force 7

Ⅳ　Frictional force 10

Readings　Fluid resistance 13

Ⅴ　Composition of forces 15

Ⅵ　Resolution of force 17

Chapter 2 Rectilinear motion 22

Ⅰ Mechanical motion 23

Ⅱ　The relationship between displacement and time 27

Ⅲ　Description of speed of motion Velocity 29

Readings　How to understand instantaneous velocity 30

Ⅳ　The relationship between velocity and time 32

Ⅴ　Description of the change of velocity Acceleration 34

Ⅵ　Laws of uniform variable rectilinear motion 36

Readings　An alternative derivation of the displacement equation 38

Ⅶ　Application of the laws of uniform variable rectilinear motion 40

Ⅷ　Free-fall motion 43

Readings　How Galileo studied free-fall motion 46

Chapter 3　Newton's laws of motion 52

Ⅰ Newton s first law 53

Readings　Einstein talked about the contributions of Galileo 55

Ⅱ Change in state of a motion 57

Ⅲ Newton's second law 59

Ⅳ Newton's third law 64

Ⅴ Unit system of mechanics 66

Ⅵ　Application of Newton's laws of motion 68

Readings　Measuring mass in a way of dynamics 71

Ⅶ　Overweight and weightlessness 72

Readings　Weightlessness and space exploitation 74

Ⅷ　The inertial and noninertial systems 76

Ⅸ　The applicability of Newton's laws of motion 79

Chapter 4　Equilibrium of objects　 84

Ⅰ Equilibrium of an object acted on by concurrent forces 85

Ⅱ Application of the equilibrium condition of concurrent forces 86

Ⅲ　Equilibrium with a fixed rotational axis 88

Ⅳ Application of the equilibrium condition of moments 91

Readings　Kinds of equilibriums Stability 93

Chapter 5　Curvilinear motion 98

Ⅰ Curvilinear motion 99

Ⅱ Composition and resolution of motion 102

Ⅲ　Motion of horizontally projected objects 105

Ⅳ Uniform circular motion 110

Ⅴ　Centripetal force Centripetal acceleration 113

Readings　The derivation of the equation of centripetal acceleration 116

Ⅵ Analysis of practical examples of uniform circular motion 118

Ⅶ　Centrifugal phenomenon and its application 120

Chapter 6　The law of universal gravitation　 126

Ⅰ　Planetary motion 127

Ⅱ　The law of universal gravitation 128

Ⅲ　The measurement of gravitational constant 131

Ⅳ Applications of the law of universal gravitation in astronomy 133

Ⅴ Artificial satellite Cosmic velocity 134

Readings　Black hole 135

Ⅵ　Planets,stars,galaxies and the universe 137

Chapter 7　Momentum　 142

Ⅰ Impulse and momentum 143

Ⅱ　Theorem of momentum 146

Ⅲ The law of conservation of momentum 150

Ⅳ　Applications of the law of conservation of momentum 153

Ⅴ Recoil motion Rocket 156

Readings　The development of space technology and space flight 159

Chapter 8　Mechanical energy　 164

Ⅰ Work 165

Readings Work done by a varying force 168

Ⅱ　Power 169

Ⅲ　Work and energy 171

Ⅳ　Kinetic energy Theorem of kinetic energy 172

Ⅴ Gravitational potential energy 177

Ⅵ　The law of conservation of mechanical energy 180

Ⅶ Applications of the law of conservation of mechanical energy 183

Ⅷ　Bernoulli's equation 187

Chapter 9　Mechanical vibration　 196

Ⅰ Simple harmonic motion 197

Ⅱ Amplitude,period and frequency 200

Ⅲ Graphs of simple harmonic motion 202

Readings　Tone and scale 204

Ⅳ　Simple pendulum 207

Ⅴ　Phase 211

Readings　The phase of the moon 214

Ⅵ　The energy of simple harmonic motion Damped vibration 214

Ⅶ Forced vibration Resonance 216

Student's experiments 224

Ⅰ Measurement of length 227

Ⅱ　Testing the parallelogram rule of force 231

Ⅲ　Practice using the dotting timer 232

Ⅳ Analysis of uniform variable rectilinear motion 235

Ⅴ Analysis of projectile motion 238

Ⅵ　Testing the law of conservation of momentum 239

Ⅶ　Testing the law of conservation of mechanical energy 241

Ⅷ Analysis of the relationship between the elastic force and the stretched length of a spring 243

Ⅸ Measuring gravitational acceleration with a simple pendulum 244

Ⅹ　Testing the law of conservation of momentum with the air cushion guide 245

Topic studies 248

1．Experiment:Analysis of the factors influencing sliding friction 249

2．Study report:Mechanical knowledge of a kitchen knife 249

3．Scientific and technical creation:Developing water"rocket" 249

4．Study report:The advantages and disadvantages of wheels held tightly during braking 249

5．Experiment:The relationship between the period of a spring oscillator and the mass of the ball 249

Appendix 250

Ⅰ Système International(SI) 250

Ⅱ　Table of some English-Chinese terms 252