主引多元意见的协商讨论 美国“社会研究”课程教师的课堂话语分析PDF电子书下载

Chapter One:Background 1

Background of the Problem 3

Statement of the Purpose 6

Research Questions 7

Key Terms 14

Summary and Overview 20

Chapter Two:Review of Literature 21

Social Constructivist Perspectives on Teaching and Learning 21

Scaffolding 25

Engagement in Historical Empathy 28

Discussion in Social Studies Classrooms 32

Teacher Questioning 35

Classroom Discourse,Learning Relationships,and Student Agency 37

Summary 42

Chapter Three:Method 44

Participants and Settings 49

Research Design 53

Research Rigor 70

Summary 72

Chapter Four:Results＆Findings 73

Research Question 1:What learning relationships were created by the teachers across the group to coordinate student participation? 73

Research Question 2:What questioning strategies did the teachers use to help their students with their argumentation? 95

Research Question 3:How did the teachers attempt to encourage students to address different perspectives? 101

Research Question 4:Given the data,what discourse strategies can be characterized as the teachers' attempts to cultivate caring in their students? 111

Summary 120

Chapter Five:Discussion＆Conclusion 121

A Review of Findings 124

A Discussion of Scaffolding Caring as Empathy in Deliberation 125

Comparison and Contrast between Deliberative Discussion and Socratic Discussion 128

Implications of the Study 130

Limitations of the Study 136

Future Directions for Research 138

Conclusion 142

References 143

Footnotes 166

Appendix A:PIH Project prelesson interview questions 169

Appendix B:PIH Project postlesson interview questions 170

Appendix C:Transcription conventions 171