INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAWPDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ THE DISCIPLINE OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW 1

What Is International Criminal Law? 2

CHAPTER 1 A Concise History of International Criminal Law 7

Introduction: The Genesis Story 7

Substantive Law Antecedents to Modern ICL 8

Just War: Jus Ad Bellum 8

Penal Antecedents: Piracy and Slavery 9

International Humanitarian Law 13

Efforts to Enforce International Criminal Law 18

Pre-World War I: Antecedents 18

World War I: A False Start 20

The Interwar Period: Efforts to Avert Another World War 26

World War II: A Return to First Principles 27

Post-World War II: The Cold War Freeze 38

Post-Cold War Period: A Renaissance 42

CHAPTER 2 Sovereignty, Jurisdiction, and Power 49

Creatures of Consent 51

The International Criminal Court 51

Preconditions for the Exercise of Jurisdiction 52

Trigger Mechanisms 56

Admissibility 58

Consensual Hybrid Tribunals 59

Creatures of Coercion 64

Nuremberg and Tokyo 65

The Ad Hoc International Tribunals 65

Imposed Hybrid Tribunals 69

Domestic Legal Systems 71

Civilian Courts 71

Domestic Military Courts 77

Extradition, Transfer, Rendition, and Abduction 79

Conclusion 83

CHAPTER 3 The Making of International Criminal Law 85

Treaties 88

Customary International Law 95

General Principles of Law 99

Judicial Decisions 102

The Works of Scholars 103

"Soft Law" 104

Conclusion 105

CHAPTER 4 The Internationalization of Crimes 107

The Jurisdictional Approach 108

The Inter-National Approach 109

The Identity Approach 110

The Policy Approach 113

The Nexus to Armed Conflict Approach 114

The Global Stability Approach 115

The Dignity Approach 116

The Mens Rea Approach 118

Conclusion 119

CHAPTER 5 The Principle of Legality in International Criminal Law 121

NCSL in International Criminal Law 124

Responses to NCSL Defenses 126

The Applicability of Nullum Crimen Sine Lege in International Criminal Law 126

Acts as Malum in Se 128

Illegality = Criminality 130

Notice Anywhere Is Notice Everywhere 133

The Object and Purpose of ICL 137

Conclusion 141

PART Ⅱ INTERSECTIONS 145

CHAPTER 6 The Legal Regulation of Armed Conflict 149

Jus Ad Bellum 151

The Original Crime of Aggression 151

The Modern Crime of Aggression 155

Defining the Crime of Aggression 156

Preconditions for the Exercise of Jurisdiction 159

Including the Crime of Aggression in the ICC Statute 163

Jus In Bello 165

Triggering International Humanitarian Law 166

Conflict Classification 169

Choice of Law Implications of Conflict Classification 173

Nexus to Armed Conflict 175

Protected Persons 177

Means and Methods of Warfare 180

War Crimes Before the International Criminal Court 182

CHAPTER 7 The Crimes of Terrorism 185

Terrorism Under International Law 186

Terrorism Within the ICC Statute 191

The Interface Between Terrorism and War 195

Violent Acts Committed Within International Armed Conflicts 196

Violent Acts Committed Outside of Armed Conflict 197

The Initiation of an International Armed Conflict 198

Violent Acts Committed Within Noninternational Armed Conflicts 199

The Initiation of a Noninternational Armed Conflict 201

The Penal Consequences of Violent Acts Committed Within Noninternational Armed Conflicts 203

Prosecuting Acts of Terrorism Before the ICC 206

CHAPTER 8 Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity 209

Crimes Against Humanity 211

Genocide 214

The Elements of the Two Crimes 216

The Chapeau Elements 216

Mens Rea and the Challenge of Specific Intent 217

Protected Groups 222

Crimes Against Humanity and Armed Conflict 229

Policy or Plan 231

Enumerated Acts 233

Persecution 236

Extermination 237

Conclusion: Convergence or Distinction? 238

CHAPTER 9 Immunities, Amnesties, and Excuses 241

Immunities 42

Functional and Personal Immunities 243

Combatant Immunity 246

Immunity Before the ICC 249

Immunity and Customary International Law 252

Amnesties 254

Amnesties Before the Special Court for Sierra Leone 254

Amnesties and the ICC Statute 255

Interests of Justice 256

Complementarity 258

Security Council Deferral 260

Ne Bis In Idem 262

Excuses and Justifications 263

Conclusion 267

CHAPTER 10 Forms of Individual Responsibility 269

Superior Responsibility 272

History of the Doctrine 273

Superior Responsibility in Treaty Law 277

Elements of the Contemporary Doctrine 280

Subordination 281

Mens Rea 283

Actus Reus (Omission) 284

Complicity and Joint Criminal Enterprise 287

Complicity 288

Joint Criminal Enterprise 290

CHAPTER 11 International Criminal Law and Its Alternatives: Truth, Justice, Reconciliation, and Memory 295

The Objectives of International Criminal Law 296

Retribution 297

Deterrence 298

Rehabilitation 300

Peace and Reconciliation 302

The Critiques of International Criminal Justice 303

Victor's Justice 304

Prevention in Lieu of Justice 305

Justice and Diplomacy 307

Alternatives to International Criminal Justice 308

Do Nothing 308

Amnesty 309

Truth and Investigatory Commissions 310

Civil Trials 312

State Responsibility 314

Jurisdictional Concurrence 318

Conclusion 321

Endnotes 323

Glossary 337

Index 347