Decision Support and Data Warehouse SystemsPDF电子书下载
- 电子书积分:19 积分如何计算积分?
- 作 者:Efrem G.Mallach
- 出 版 社:清华大学出版社
- 出版年份:2001
- ISBN:7302042195
- 页数:664 页
PART Ⅰ Introduction to Decision Support Systems 3
1 INTRODUCTION TO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 3
1.1 How Decision Support Systems Evolved 4
1.2 What Is a DSS? 10
1.3 Why Decision Support Systems Matter 13
1.4 DSS Benefits 17
1.5 Why Study DSS? 23
1.6 The Plan of This Book 23
Summary 27
Key Terms 27
Review Questions 28
Exercises 28
References 30
Fort Lowell Trading Company 31
2 HUMAN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES 36
2.1 What Is a Decision? 37
2.2 The Decision Process 39
2.2.1 The Intelligence Phase 39
2.2.2 The Design Phase 40
2.2.3 The Choice Phase 40
2.3 Types of Decisions 42
2.4 How Businesspeople Make Decisions 47
2.4.1 The Rational Manager 48
2.4.2 Subjective Utility 51
2.4.3 Systematic Decision Making 54
2.4.4 Satisficing 57
2.4.5 Organizational and Political Decision Making 57
2.5 The Impact of Psychological Type on Decision Making 59
2.6 The Impact of Culture on Decision Making 64
2.7 The Kepner-Tregoe Decision-Making Method 65
2.7.1 State the Purpose of the Decision 66
2.7.2 Establish Objectives 67
2.7.3 Classify According to Importance 67
2.7.4 Generate Alternatives 68
2.7.5 Evaluate Alternatives Against Objectives 69
2.7.6 Tentatively,Choose the Best Alternative 70
2.7.7 Assess Adverse Consequences 70
2.7.8 Make a Final Choice 71
Summary 73
Key Terms 73
Review Questions 74
Exercises 75
References 77
Fort Lowell Trading Company 79
Exercises 82
3 SYSTEMS,INFORMATION QUALITY,AND MODELS 83
3.1 About Systems 84
3.2 Information Systems 88
3.3 Data Flow Diagrams 90
3.4 DSS as Information Systems 92
3.5 Information and Information Quality 94
3.5.1 Information Versus Data 94
3.5.2 Information Quality 97
3.5.3 Information Quality Factors 98
3.6 Models 119
Summary 120
Key Terms 122
Review Questions 123
Exercises 123
References 126
Fort Lowell Trading Company 127
Exercises 128
4 TYPES OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 129
4.1 The DSS Hierarchy 130
4.1.1 Overview of the DSS Hierarchy 130
4.1.2 The Seven DSS Types 131
4.1.3 Applying the DSS Types to Airline Yield Management 134
4.2 Generalizing the DSS Categories 143
4.3 Matching DSS to the Decision Type 143
4.4 Individual and Group DSS 144
4.5 Matching Benefits to the DSS User Community 145
4.6 Matching DSS to the Decision Maker’s Psychological Type 146
4.6.1 Introversion/Extraversion 147
4.6.2 Sensing/Intuition 147
4.6.3 Thinking/Feeling 148
4.6.4 Judgment/Perception 148
4.6.5 Combinations of Preferences 148
4.7 Usage Modes 149
4.8 Institutional Versus Ad Hoc DSS 151
Summary 152
Key Terms 153
Review Questions 154
Exercises 154
References 156
Fort Lowell Trading Company 156
Exercises 159
PART Ⅱ Building and Implementing Decision Support Systems 163
5 DSS ARCHITECTURE,HARDWARE,AND OPERATING SYSTEM PLATFORMS 163
5.1 Defining the DSS Architecture 164
5.2 The Major Options 168
5.3 DSS on the Central Corporate System 169
5.4 DSS and Client/Server Computing 171
5.5 The Internet and Client/Server Computing in DSS 177
5.6 DSS Using Shared Data on a Separate System 179
5.7 DSS on a Stand-Alone System 182
5.8 Open Systems and DSS 184
5.9 Choosing a DSS Hardware Environment 189
Summary 190
Key Terms 190
Review Questions 191
Exercises 192
References 193
Fort Lowell Trading Company 193
Exercises 196
6 DSS SOFTWARE TOOLS 197
6.1 DSS Software Categories 198
6.2 Standard Packages 201
6.3 Specialized Tools and Generators 201
6.3.1 Database Management Systems 202
6.3.2 Information Retrieval Packages 211
6.3.3 Specialized Modeling Languages 213
6.3.4 Statistical Data Analysis Packages 218
6.3.5 Forecasting Packages 224
6.3.6 Graphing Packages 228
6.4 Programming Languages for DSS 228
6.4.1 Third-Generation Programming Languages 229
6.4.2 Fourth-Generation Programming Languages 230
6.5 DSS User Interfaces 235
6.5.1 Factors to Consider in User Interface Design 236
6.5.2 User Interface Styles 240
6.5.3 Hypertext/Hypermedia 245
Summary 248
Key Terms 250
Review Questions 252
Exercises 252
References 254
Fort Lowell Trading Company 255
Exercises 256
7 BUILDING AND IMPLEMENTING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 258
7.1 The DSS Development Process 259
7.1.1 The SDLC Approach 260
7.1.2 Prototyping 261
7.1.3 End-User Development 264
7.2 DSS Development Project Participants 266
7.3 The Implementation Stage 268
7.4 System Conversion 271
7.5 Overcoming Resistance to Change 273
7.5.1 Unfreezing 275
7.5.2 Moving 276
7.5.3 Refreezing 277
7.6 DSS Implementation Issues 278
7.6.1 Technical DSS Implementation Issues 279
7.6.2 User-Related DSS Implementation Issues 280
7.7 Using the Lists of Issues 284
7.8 Ethical Issues in DSS Implementation 285
Summary 290
Key Terms 291
Review Questions 292
Exercises 292
References 294
Fort Lowell Trading Company 295
Exercises 296
8 MODELS IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 297
8.1 Types of Models 298
8.1.1 Model Types 299
8.1.2 Model Types Used in DSS 300
8.1.3 Simplification in Models 307
8.2 Discrete-Event Simulation Models 309
8.2.1 The Concept of Discrete-Event Simulation 309
8.2.2 A Discrete-Event Simulation Example 311
8.2.3 Designing a Discrete-Event Simulation Model 315
8.2.4 Another Simulation Example 320
8.2.5 Complete Simulation Studies 323
8.3 Random Numbers,Pseudo-random Numbers,and Statistical Distributions 325
8.4 Static Simulation Models 329
Summary 334
Key Terms 335
Review Questions 336
Exercises 336
References 341
Fort Lowell Trading Company 342
Exercises 344
9 MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND OPTIMIZATION 346
9.1 Queuing Models 347
9.1.1 Queuing Theory Concepts 348
9.1.2 A Queuing Theory Example 348
9.1.3 Generalizing the Solution 351
9.1.4 Arrival and Departure Time Distributions 352
9.1.5 Queuing Theoryon a Computer 354
9.2 Markov Process Models 355
9.2.1 The Markov Process Model Concept 355
9.2.2 Computer Calulations for Markov Processes 357
9.3 Simulation,Queuing Theory,and Markov Processes Compared 357
9.4 Optimization 358
9.4.1 Complete Enumeration 358
9.4.2 Random Search 360
9.4.3 The Calculus Approach 361
9.4.4 Linear Programming(LP) 363
9.4.5 Numerical Methods 368
Summary 372
Key Terms 374
Review Questions 375
Exercises 375
References 378
Fort Lowell Trading Company 379
Exercises 383
10 GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 384
10.1 What Are Group DSS? 385
10.2 Why Group DSS Now? 386
10.2.1 Organizational Reasons for GDSS Growth 386
10.2.2 Technical Reasons for Group DSS Growth 387
10.2.3 Putting the Factors Together 388
10.3 Group Versus Individual Activities 388
10.4 Media Richness and Task Types 390
10.4.1 Richness 390
10.4.2 Task 391
10.4.3 Task and Media Fit 392
10.5 Types of Group DSS 393
10.6 Groupware 396
10.7 Group DSS in Use Today 399
10.7.1 Electronic Meeting Systems 399
10.7.2 Work Flow Systems 403
10.8 Groupware Products 406
10.8.1 Collaborative Authoring:DOLPHIN and MERMAID 406
10.8.2 Lotus Notes 408
10.8.3 InConcert Work Flow 412
Summary 414
Key Terms 415
Review Questions 416
Exercises 417
References 419
Fort Lowell Trading Company 420
Exercises 423
11 EXPERT SYSTEMS 424
11.1 Artificial Intelligence 425
11.2 Expert Systems:The Basic Idea 427
11.3 Confidence Factors 430
11.4 Fuzzy Logic 432
11.5 Expert System Development Tools 434
11.5.1 Shells 434
11.5.2 Languages 440
11.6 Choosing a Good Expert System Application 442
11.7 Finding the Expert(s) 447
11.8 Expert Systems and DSS 449
11.9 Pros and Cons of Expert Systems 451
Summary 453
Key Terms 454
Review Questions 455
Exercises 455
References 457
Fort Lowell Trading Company 458
Exercises 459
PART Ⅲ Data Warehousing 465
12 DATA WAREHOUSING AND EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS 465
12.1 What Is a Data Warehouse? 466
12.2 Who Uses Data Warehouses? 470
12.3 Why Data Warehouses Now? 471
12.4 Data Warehouse Concepts 472
12.5 Executive Information Systems 476
Summary 484
Key Terms 485
Review Questions 486
Exercises 486
References 488
Fort Lowell Trading Company 489
Exercises 490
13 THE DATA WAREHOUSE DATABASE 491
13.1 Content of the Data Warehouse Database 492
13.2 Database Structures 494
13.2.1 Organizing a Relational Data Warehouse 495
13.2.2 Multidimensional Database Structures 498
13.2.3 Choosing a Structure 501
13.3 Getting Data Into the Data Warehouse 503
13.3.1 Extraction 503
13.3.2 Transformation 504
13.3.3 Cleansing 507
13.3.4 Loading 510
13.3.5 Summarization 511
13.4 Metadata 514
13.4.1 Human Metadata 514
13.4.2 Computer-based Metadata for People to Use 516
13.4.3 Computer-based Metadata for the Computer to Use 516
Summary 518
Key Terms 519
Review Questions 520
Exercises 520
References 521
Fort Lowell Trading Company 522
Exercises 523
14 ANALYZING THE CONTENTS OF THE DATA ?AREHOUSE 524
14.1 Active Analysis:User Queries 525
14.1.1 OLAP Example 531
14.1.2 OLAP Software Architecture 532
14.1.3 Web-based OLAP 537
14.1.4 General OLAP Product Characteristics 537
14.2 Automated Analysis:Data Mining 542
14.2.1 Creating a Decision Tree 545
14.2.2 Correlation and Other Statistical Analyses 547
14.2.3 Neural Networks 548
14.2.4 Nearest Neighbor Approaches 551
14.2.5 Putting the Results to Use 552
Summary 553
Key Terms 554
Review Questions 554
Exercises 555
References 556
Fort Lowell Trading Company 556
Exercises 561
15 CONSTRUCTING A DATA WAREHOUSE SYSTEM 562
15.1 Stages of the Project 563
15.2 The Planning Stage 567
15.2.1 Justifying the Data Warehouse 567
15.2.2 Obtaining User Buy-in 570
15.2.3 Overcoming Resistance to the Data Warehouse 571
15.2.4 Developing a Project Plan 573
15.3 Data Warehouse Design Approaches 576
15.4 The Architecture Stage 577
15.4.1 The Data Warehouse Database 577
15.4.2 The Analysis Architecture 578
15.4.3 Data Warehouse Hardware 579
15.5 Hints for Data Warehousing Project Success 582
Summary 586
Key Terms 588
Review Questions 588
Exercises 589
References 591
Fort Lowell Trading Company 591
Exercises 593
PART Ⅳ Summary 597
16 PULLING IT ALL TOGETHER:SYSTEMS INTEGRATION AND THE FUTURE OF DSS 597
16.1 Combining the Pieces 598
16.2 What Is Systems Integration? 601
16.3 A Systems Integration Example 602
16.4 Types of Integrated Systems 603
16.4.1 Single System VisibilityVersus Multiple System Visibilities 604
16.4.2 One Hardware Platform Versus Multiple Hardware Platforms 605
16.4.3 One Location Versus Multiple Locations 606
16.5 Trends in Systems Integration 608
16.6 The Future of DSS 611
16.7 In Conclusion 613
Summary 613
Key Terms 614
Review Questions 614
Exercises 615
References 615
Fort Lowell Trading Company 616
Appendix:Cases 619
Case 1 Options Pricing with Black-Scholes 620
Case 2 Truck Brake Balancing 626
Case 3 Enterprisewide GIS:Bringing New Dimensions to Decision Making 629
Case 4 Fort Lowell Trading Company:Developing the Finance DSS 633
Case 5 A Whole New Ball Game(Sort of) 634
Case 6 MasterCard:Mining the Possibilities 636
Case 7 Close Call Corp.:Anatomy of a Failure 641
Case 8 Making Waves at Helene Curtis 646
Case 9 HFS:Mega-Warehouse as Marketing Tool 650
Index 655