REGULATION OF THE VOLUNTARY SECTORPDF电子书下载

1 The United States 14

The framework of counter-terrorism law and policy and its impact on civil society in the United States 14

Initial prosecutions, organizational defiance, and sectoral disengagement 15

Broadening sectoral opposition and self-regulation as a response to broadening government policy against the nonprofit sector 17

Foundation responses to strengthened government policy and regulation: Disengagement and shifting ristk to grantees 20

Broadening government regulation, broadening sectoral opposition - and a victory 23

Opposition in isolation: The lonely struggle over 'material support' 24

General conclusions 30

The dangers in the failure to oppose 31

2 The United Kingdom 35

The role of the Charity Commission: Keeping charity regulators central in terrorist finance enforcement 36

North London Central Mosque (Finsbury Park Mosque)(2001-3) 39

Society for the Revival of Islamic Heritage (2002) 40

Minhaj-Ul-Quran UK and Idara Minhaj-Ul-Quran UK(2002) 40

Divergence from the United States: The Interpal case(2003) 41

Tamils Rehabilitation Organisation (2000-5) 42

New initiatives against terrorist financing through charities,2006-7 44

The Home Office and Treasury review of actions against terrorist finance and the Charity Commission's role 46

Lessons of the experience in the United Kingdom 50

3 Canada 53

From threat to enforcement in 2008 67

Summing up the Canadian situation 68

4 India 71

From the Terrorism and Disruptive Activities Prevention Act(TADA) to the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance(POTO) 71

The Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) and its uses 74

From the Prevention of Terrorism Act to State Acts and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 76

The struggle over the Foreign Contribution (Regulation)Act 82

5 Multilateral responses, counter-terrorism, and civil society:The United Nations and the European Union 88

The United Nations' counter-terrorism strategy and civil society 88

National regulation and enforcement in Europe 92

European regional responses 93

The 'securitization of aid' debate 101

Conclusion 102

6 Initiatives in response to the pressure of counter-terrorism policy: The Montreux Initiative, Humanitarian Forum, and other steps 104

The Montreux Initiative 105

The Humanitarian Forum 111

The future for the responsive initiatives 114

Conclusion 115

Australia 115

Civil society, charities, and terrorist finance 117

The current status of nonprofit organizations in Australia under the anti-terrorist statutory regime 123

Terrorism-related cases in Australia 124

Some concluding thoughts on the new regulation of the voluntary sector in the post-September 11 era 126

The role of anti-terrorism law vis-à-vis voluntary sector organizations 128

The role of opposition and resistance to the new regulation of the voluntary sector 129

Key themes in the new regulation of the voluntary sector through anti-terrorism law 130

The complex role of self-regulation in the new regulation of the voluntary sector 130

Bibliography 135

Index 150