PYTHON FOR SOFTWARE DESIGN HOW TO THINK LIKE A COMPUTER SCIENTISTPDF电子书下载

1 The Way of the Program 1

1.1 The Python Programming Language 1

1.2 What Is a Program? 3

1.3 What Is Debugging? 3

1.3.1 Syntax Errors 3

1.3.2 Runtime Errors 4

1.3.3 Semantic Errors 4

1.3.4 Experimental Debugging 4

1.4 Formal and Natural Languages 5

1.5 The First Program 6

1.6 Debugging 7

1.7 Glossary 8

1.8 Exercises 9

2 Variables, Expressions, and Statements 10

2.1 Values and Types 10

2.2 Variables 11

2.3 Variable Names and Keywords 13

2.4 Statements 13

2.5 Operators and Operands 14

2.6 Expressions 15

2.7 Order of Operations 15

2.8 String Operations 16

2.9 Comments 17

2.10 Debugging 17

2.11 Glossary 18

2.12 Exercises 19

3 Functions 21

3.1 Function Calls 21

3.2 Type Conversion Functions 21

3.3 Math Functions 22

3.4 Composition 23

3.5 Adding New Functions 24

3.6 Definitions and Uses 26

3.7 Flow of Execution 26

3.8 Parameters and Arguments 27

3.9 Variables and Parameters Are Local 28

3.10 Stack Diagrams 29

3.11 Fruitful Functions and Void Functions 30

3.12 Why Functions? 31

3.13 Debugging 31

3.14 Glossary 32

3.15 Exercises 33

4 Case Study: Interface Design 35

4.1 Turtle World 35

4.2 Simple Repetition 36

4.3 Exercises 37

4.4 Encapsulation 38

4.5 Generalization 39

4.6 Interface Design 40

4.7 Refactoring 41

4.8 A Development Plan 42

4.9 Docstring 43

4.10 Debugging 43

4.11 Glossary 44

4.12 Exercises 44

5 Conditionals and Recursion 46

5.1 Modulus Operator 46

5.2 Boolean Expressions 46

5.3 Logical Operators 47

5.4 Conditional Execution 48

5.5 Alternative Execution 48

5.6 Chained Conditionals 49

5.7 Nested Conditionals 49

5.8 Recursion 50

5.9 Stack Diagrams for Recursive Functions 52

5.10 Infinite Recursion 52

5.11 Keyboard Input 53

5.12 Debugging 54

5.13 Glossary 55

5.14 Exercises 56

6 Fruitful Functions 59

6.1 Return Values 59

6.2 Incremental Development 60

6.3 Composition 63

6.4 Boolean Functions 64

6.5 More Recursion 65

6.6 Leap of Faith 67

6.7 One More Example 67

6.8 Checking Types 68

6.9 Debugging 69

6.10 Glossary 70

6.11 Exercises 71

7 Iteration 73

7.1 Multiple Assignment 73

7.2 Updating Variables 74

7.3 The while Statement 75

7.4 break 76

7.5 Square Roots 77

7.6 Algorithms 79

7.7 Debugging 79

7.8 Glossary 80

7.9 Exercises 80

8 Strings 82

8.1 A String Is a Sequence 82

8.2 len 83

8.3 Traversal with a for Loop 83

8.4 String Slices 85

8.5 Strings Are Immutable 86

8.6 Searching 86

8.7 Looping and Counting 87

8.8 string Methods 87

8.9 The in Operator 89

8.10 String Comparison 89

8.11 Debugging 90

8.12 Glossary 92

8.13 Exercises 92

9 Case Study: Word Play 95

9.1 Reading Word Lists 95

9.2 Exercises 96

9.3 Search 97

9.4 Looping with Indices 99

9.5 Debugging 100

9.6 Glossary 101

9.7 Exercises 101

10 Lists 103

10.1 A List Is a Sequence 103

10.2 Lists Are Mutable 104

10.3 Traversing a List 105

10.4 List Operations 106

10.5 List Slices 106

10.6 List Methods 107

10.7 Map, Filter, and Reduce 108

10.8 Deleting Elements 109

10.9 Lists and Strings 110

10.10 Objects and Values 111

10.11 Aliasing 113

10.12 List Arguments 113

10.13 Debugging 115

10.14 Glossary 116

10.15 Exercises 117

11 Dictionaries 119

11.1 Dictionary as a Set of Counters 121

11.2 Looping and Dictionaries 123

11.3 Reverse Lookup 123

11.4 Dictionaries and Lists 124

11.5 Memos 126

11.6 Global Variables 128

11.7 Long Integers 129

11.8 Debugging 130

11.9 Glossary 131

11.10 Exercises 131

12 Tuples 133

12.1 Tuples Are Immutable 133

12.2 Tuple Assignment 135

12.3 Tuples as Return Values 136

12.4 Variable-Length Argument Tuples 136

12.5 Lists and Tuples 138

12.6 Dictionaries and Tuples 139

12.7 Comparing Tuples 141

12.8 Sequences of Sequences 142

12.9 Debugging 143

12.10 Glossary 144

12.11 Exercises 145

13 Case Study: Data Structure Selection 147

13.1 Word Frequency Analysis 147

13.2 Random Numbers 148

13.3 Word Histogram 149

13.4 Most Common Words 151

13.5 Optional Parameters 152

13.6 Dictionary Subtraction 152

13.7 Random Words 153

13.8 Markov Analysis 154

13.9 Data Structures 155

13.10 Debugging 157

13.11 Glossary 158

13.12 Exercises 158

14 Files 159

14.1 Persistence 159

14.2 Reading and Writing 159

14.3 Format Operator 160

14.4 Filenames and Paths 161

14.5 Catching Exceptions 163

14.6 Databases 164

14.7 Pickling 165

14.8 Pipes 166

14.9 Writing Modules 167

14.10 Debugging 168

14.11 Glossary 169

14.12 Exercises 169

15 Classes and Objects 172

15.1 User-Defined Types 172

15.2 Attributes 173

15.3 Rectangles 174

15.4 Instances as Return Values 176

15.5 Objects Are Mutable 176

15.6 Copying 177

15.7 Debugging 179

15.8 Glossary 179

15.9 Exercises 180

16 Classes and Functions 182

16.1 Time 182

16.2 Pure Functions 183

16.3 Modifiers 184

16.4 Prototyping versus Planning 185

16.5 Debugging 187

16.6 Glossary 188

16.7 Exercises 188

17 Classes and Methods 189

17.1 Object-Oriented Features 189

17.2 Printing Objects 190

17.3 Another Example 192

17.4 A More Complicated Example 192

17.5 The Init Method 193

17.6 The__str__ method 194

17.7 Operator Overloading 195

17.8 Type-Based Dispatch 195

17.9 Polymorphism 197

17.10 Debugging 198

17.11 Glossary 199

17.12 Exercises 199

18 Inheritance 201

18.1 Card Objects 201

18.2 Class Attributes 202

18.3 Comparing Cards 204

18.4 Decks 205

18.5 Printing the Deck 205

18.6 Add, Remove, Shuffle, and Sort 206

18.7 Inheritance 207

18.8 Class Diagrams 209

18.9 Debugging 210

18.10 Glossary 211

18.11 Exercises 212

19 Case Study: Tkinter 214

19.1 GUI 214

19.2 Buttons and Callbacks 215

19.3 Canvas Widgets 216

19.4 Coordinate Sequences 217

19.5 More Widgets 218

19.6 Packing Widgets 220

19.7 Menus and Callables 223

19.8 Binding 223

19.9 Debugging 226

19.10 Glossary 227

19.11 Exercises 228

Appendix 231

Index 241