CRIMINAL JUSTICE THEORY AN INTRODUCTIOPDF电子书下载

1 Introduction: modernity and criminal justice 1

The European Enlightenment and the rise of the modern age 1

Criminal justice in the pre-modern era 3

Social contract theory and utilitarianism 6

Modern societies 10

Four models of criminal justice development 11

The structure of this book 26

2 Explaining crime and criminal behaviour 29

The rational actor model 29

The predestined actor model 33

The victimised actor model 47

Integrated theories 51

Postscript 56

3 The philosophy of law and legal ethics 58

Analytic jurisprudence 59

Normative jurisprudence 69

Critical legal theory 74

Islamic jurisprudence and Sharia law 77

4 Policing modern society 84

A brief history of the police 85

Policing and social context since the Second World War 95

Policing contemporary society 98

Policing and the four models of criminal justice development 107

5 The legal process in modern society 111

Criminal justice agencies 113

Criminal justice ‘system' or process' 116

The criminal justice process in context 117

Adversarial and inquisitorial criminal justice processes 119

Models of the criminal justice process 121

International law 133

International human rights law 141

6 Punishment in modern society 144

The purpose of punishment 145

Utilitarianism 148

Deterrence 150

Incapacitation 155

Determinism 158

Rehabilitation 159

Retribution 164

Just deserts 165

Reparation 169

Restitution 169

The politics of punishment 170

7 Youth justice in modern society 172

Young people, discipline, control 173

From justice to welfarism 176

Youth justice and populist Conservatism 182

Youth justice and New Labour 187

Reflections on the management of contemporary youth crime 190

Conclusions 192

8 Conclusions: the future of criminal justice 194

Criminal justice in an age of moral uncertainty 198

The schizophrenia of crime 199

Crime as normal and non-pathological 200

New modes ofgovernance 201

Crime and the risk society 202

Loic Wacquant and the government of insecurity 205

Racial inequality and imprisonment in contemporary USA 206

Four peculiar institutions 207

Carceral recruitment and authority 209

Conclusions: living in penal society 211

Notes 215

References 222

Author index 249

Subject index 256