DUAL NATIONALITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNIONPDF电子书下载

General Introduction 1

Part Ⅰ The Legal Concept of (Dual) Nationality 11

Ⅰ General Observations on (Dual) Nationality and its Role in Municipal and International Law 11

1. Nationality and Citizenship: Their Historical Roots 11

2. Terminological Observations in Respect of Nationality and Citizenship 19

3. The Role of Nationality in Different Fields of Law 25

4. The Function of Nationality under Municipal and International Law 30

5. Nationality Under International Law 35

5.1. State Autonomy and Nationality as a Human Right 35

5.2. Limitations Imposed by International Law on State Autonomy in Nationality Law 41

6. Why a Study on Dual Nationality? 47

7. Attitudes Towards Multiple Nationality: Rejection or Embrace? 58

8. Transnationalism, Postnationalism and European Citizenship 64

9. Does Multiple Nationality Cause Legal Problems? 74

10. Multiple Nationality under International Law: State Practice 85

11. Nationality Law in Europe: The Council of Europe and the European Union 89

11.1. The 1963 Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and the 1997 European Convention on Nationality 90

11.2 Nationality and the European Union: Case C-369/90 Micheletti [1992] 95

Concluding Remarks 111

Ⅱ The Role of Dual Nationality in Private International Law and EU Law: The Intra-EU Context 115

1. Introduction 115

2. Connecting Factors in Private International Law: Nationality Versus Domicile/Habitual Residence 116

3. Solutions to a 'Conflict of Nationalities' in France, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain 120

4. Dual Nationals and their Surnames 127

4.1. Case C-148/02 Garcia Avello [2003] 128

4.2. Remarks on the (Potential) Impact of Garcia Avello 130

5. Garcia Avello and the Related Cases Micheletti, Mesbah, Konstantinidis and Grunkin-Paul 133

5.1. Case C-179/98 Mesbah [1999] 134

5.2. Case C-168/91 Konstantinidis [1993] 136

5.3. Case C-353/06 Grunkin-Paul [2008] 138

6. Is There a Need for Uniform European Conflict and Recognition Rules in the Field of Civil Status? 143

6.1. The Principle of Non-Discrimination on the Grounds of Nationality, Fundamental Human Rights and the Principle of Mutual Recognition 146

7. Consequences of Garcia Avello for National Rules Governing Surnames 149

8. Garcia Avello and Other Cases on European Citizenship 150

9. Dual Nationality and the Brussels IIbis Regulation:Case C-168/08 Hadadi [2009] 153

Concluding Remarks 156

Concluding Remarks: Part Ⅰ 162

Part Ⅱ Country Reports on Dual Nationality: The Extra-EU Context 166

Introductory Remarks on the Country Reports 166

Ⅲ France 169

1. Introduction 169

2. Historical Overview: How ius soli became 'The Heart of French Nationality Law' 172

3. Nationality Law during the Great War (1914-1918):The Fear of the German Delbriick Law 177

4. French Nationality Law after the Second World War 181

5. Equality of the Sexes in French Nationality Law 183

6. Questions of Nationality Law Relating to the Decolonization Process 184

6.1. The Law of 28 July 1960 and the 'Recognition' Procedure 188

7. The Algerian Question and the Controversy Surrounding ius soli 190

7.1. Unilateral Action by France: The Ordinance of 21 July 1962 and the Predominance of Personal Status over Origin 195

8. The 1980s and 90s: Attacks on the French ius soli Tradition 200

9. Concluding Remarks 203

Ⅳ The Netherlands 205

1. Introduction 205

2. The Dutch Nationality Act of 1892 (Wet op het Nederlanderschap en het ingezetenschap 1892) 208

3. Decolonization: The Independence of Indonesia and Surinam 212

3.1. The Nationality Status of the Native Population of the Dutch East Indies during Colonization and the Nationality Arrangements after Decolonization 212

3.2. The Nationality Status of the Native Population of Surinam during Colonization and the Nationality Arrangements after Decolonization 216

4. The Equality of the Sexes in Dutch Nationality Law 219

5. The Dutch Nationality Act of 1985 223

6. The Fall of Multiculturalism and the Continuing Debate on the Renunciation Requirement 227

7. Dutch Emigrants and Dual Nationality under the 1985 Act 231

8. Modifications to Dutch Nationality Law by the 2003 Act 234

8.1. Developments after 2003: More Proposals, Amendments and Controversies 235

9. Concluding Remarks 245

Ⅴ Italy 249

1. Introduction 249

2. The 19th Century: The Formation of the Italian Nation-State and the 'Great Migration' 252

2.1. The 'Great Migration (1880-1930) 253

3. The Influence of Emigration on Italian Nationality and Migration Law 256

4. Law 555/1912: A Response to the 'Great Migration 261

5. The 1970s and 80s: Gender Equality in Italian Nationality Law 264

6. The Favourable Attitude towards Italian Co-Ethnics: Laws 91/1992, 379/2000, 124/2006 and 459/2001 266

6.1. Law 91/1992: Towards a Further 'Ethnicization of Italian Nationality Law 267

6.2. Laws 379/2000 and 124/2006 273

6.3. Law 459/2001: Voting Rights for Italians Resident Abroad 274

7. Attempts to Reform Italian Nationality Law to the Benefit of Non-Privileged Immigrants 275

8. Concluding Remarks 278

Ⅵ Spain 281

1. Introduction 281

2. The Spanish Phenomenon of Dual Nationality 283

3. The Background of the Treaties on Dual Nationality 285

3.1. The Content of the Treaties on Dual Nationality 289

4. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 291

5. Differences Between the Conventional and the Legal Routes to Dual Nationality (via convencional/via legal) 294

6. The Additional Protocols to the Dual Nationality Treaties 296

7. Particularities Concerning the Spanish-Guatemalan Treaty 297

8. Interlude: The Italian-Argentinean Treaty on Dual Nationality and the Bilateral Treaties Concluded between Portugal and Some of its Former Colonies 298

8.1. Italian Academic Reactions to the Dual Nationality Treaty 299

8.2. Italy's Current Approach to Dual Nationality and the Additional Protocol to the Italian-Argentinean Dual Nationality Treaty 301

8.3. Bilateral Treaties Concluded between Portugal and Some of its Former Colonies 303

9. Case C-369/90 Micheletti [1992] 305

10. Developments in Spanish Nationality Law after the Enactment of the 1978 Constitution: Modification of Spanish Nationality Law by Law 51/1982 311

11. Modification of Spanish Nationality Law by Law 18/1990 315

11.1. The Future of the Dual Nationality Treaties 317

12. Modification of Spanish Nationality Law by Law 36/2002 317

12.1. The Objective of Law 36/2002: To Repair the Injustice Suffered by Spanish Emigrants 319

13. Law 52/2007 and Option Rights to Spanish Nationality 321

14. Concluding Remarks 323

General Conclusions 325

Bibliography 339

Index 363