THE LAW OF ARRESTPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION 1

Constitutional Limitations on Police Powers 1

The Constitution 2

The Bill of Rights 3

Chapter I Probable Cause 8

Detinition 9

Signiticance 10

Essntial Concepts 10

Checklist of Probable Cause 15

Police Powers 16

Citizen Protections 17

Chapter II INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES 20

When to Investigate 20

Criminal Investigation 20

The Four "l's" 21

Inspections 22

Information 23

Court Tests of Reliability 24

Guidelines for Use of Informants 25

Confidential Informants 26

Interrogation Rules and Procedures 28

The Miranda Rule 28

Interrogation Rules at a Glance 30

The Four Miranda Rules 30

When You Must Give the Miranda Warnings 31

When the Miranda Warnings Do Not Have to Be Given 32

Handwriting Identification 33

Voice Identification 33

Grand Jury 33

Why Confessions Are Suppressed 34

The Waiver 34

Immunity 35

Police Investigative Powers 36

Reasonable Suspicion 36

What Is a Police Stop? 39

What Is a Police Contact? 41

Protective Searches 42

Police Questioning 48

Undercover Agents 48

Electronic Eavesdropping 49

Mail Covers 50

Lie Detector Tests 51

Blood and Alcohol Samples 51

Lineups 51

Use of Informants 52

Evidence from Private Persons 53

Binoculars-Search or Plain View? 53

Dogs-Search or "Plain Smell"? 53

Computerized Crime Banks 54

Police Radio Bulletins 55

Bank Records 55

Chapter III ARREST 56

Arrest Defined 65

Police Arrest Powers 57

Arrest With a Warrant 64

Conclusion 64

Chapter IV SEARCH AND SEIZURE 65

The Search Warrant 65

What You Need to Get a Search Warrant 66

What You Can Search For 67

Where You Can Search 67

What You Can Seize 67

How to Draft Search Warrant Affidavits 68

Executing a Search Warrant 70

Search of the Person 72

Search of Premises 82

Search of Vehicles 84

Consent Search 88

Chapter V THE SUPPRESSION HEARING 92

Prelude to Triumph or Tragedy of Law 92

The Exclusionary Rule 93

The Anatomy of a Fourth Amendment Suppression Hearing 94

The Suppression Battleground 97

The Anatomy of a Fifth Amendment Suppression Hearing 103

The Police Officer as a Witness at the Suppression Hearing 105

COMMENTARIES ON SUPREME COURT DECISIONS 109

Chapter VI CASES INVOLVING THE FOURTH AMENDMENT 110

The Right to Privacy 110

Search and Seizure 115

Coolidge v. New Hampshire 115

Search Warrants 122

Aguilar v. State of Texas 122

United States v. Ventresca 124

William Spinelli v. United States 129

Jerome Franks v. State of Delaware 134

Appendix A (States permitting veracity challenges) 139

Third Party Searches 141

James Zurcher v. The Stanford Daily 141

Open-Ended Search Warrant 144

Lo-Ji Sales, Inc., v. State of New York 144

Informants 150

James R. Hoffa v. United States 150

The Informer Privilege 156

George McCray v. State of Illinois 156

Informant Tips 161

Frederick E. Adams v. Robert Williams 161

United States v. Roosevelt Harris 165

Whiteley v. Warden, Wyoming State Penitentiary 166

Undercover Agents 169

Jack M. Weatherford v. Brett Allen Bursey 169

Police Commands 173

Stephen R. Wainwright v. City of New Orleans 173

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Harry Mimms 179

The Frisk 181

John W. Terry v. State of Ohio 181

Two Variations on the Theme 187

Nelson Sibron v. State of New 'Cork 187

John Francis Peters v. State of New York 189

Inspections 191

Roland Camara v. City and County of San Francisco 191

Entry 196

Sabbath v. United States 196

Objects in Plain View 201

James H. Harris v. United States 201

Warrantless House Searches 202

Vale v. Louisiana 202

Non-emergency Arrest Without a Warrant in a Home 206

Commonwealth v Williams 206

People of New York v. Payton 210

Exigent Circumstances 212

State of Michigan v. Loren Tyler and Robert Tompkins 212

Warrantless Search of a Murder Scene 215

Rufus Junior Mincey v. State of Arizona 215

Police Emergencies 221

Warden, Maryland Penitentiary v. Bennie Joe Hayden 221

Hot Pursuit Arrest 225

United States v. Dominga Santana and William Alejandro 225

Third Party Consent to Search Evidence at a Suppression Hearing 229

United States v. William Earl Matlock 229

Scope of a Search Incident to Arrest 234

Ted Steven Chimel v. State of California 234

United States v. Joseph A. Chadwick 237

Warrantless Arrest in a Public Place 240

United States v. Henry Ogle Watson 240

Searching Cars 245

Frank Chambers v. James F. Maroney 245

Traffic Arrest Searches 250

United States v. Willie Robinson, Jr. 250

Exterior Search of an Automobile. 256

Harold J, Cardwell v. Arthur Ben Lewis 256

Routine Inventory Search of an Automobile 260

South Dakota v. Donald Opperman 260

Roving-Patrol Car Stops 263

United States v, Felix Humberto Brignoni-Ponce 263

Stopping Cars at a Roadblock 270

United States v. Amado Martinez-Fuerte 270

Rodolfo Sifuentes v. United States 270

Random Stopping of Cars 274

State of Delaware v. William J, Prouse, III 274

Police Station Search and Seizure 279

United States v. Eugene H, Edwards and William T. Livesav 279

Compulsory Blood Samples 283

Armando Schmerber v, State of California 283

Police Station Seizure of Fingernail Scrapings 287

Hoyt C. Cupp v. Daniel P. Murphy 287

Grand Jury Subpoena for Voice Exemplars 290

United States v. Antonio Dionisio 290

Grand Jury Subpoena to Compel Handwriting Samples 295

United States v. Richard J. Mara 295

Electronic Eavesdropping-Wiretapping 297

Ralph Berger v. State of New York 297

Electronic Surveillance 306

Charles Katz v. United States 306

Third-Party Walking Bug 313

United States v. White 313

The Use of "Wired" Agents 318

United States v. AIfredo L. Caceres 318

Use df Pen Registers in Criminal Investigations 323

Michael Lee Smith v. State of Maryland 323

Covert Entry to Plant a Bug 328

Lawrence Dalia v. United States 328

Nighttime Searches 333

Gooding v. United States 333

Prison Searches 337

Griffin B. Bell v; Louis Wolfish 337

Seizure of Incriminating Evidence by Private Citizens 341

Burdeau v, McDowell 341

The Suppression Rule 346

Mapp v. State of Ohio 346

Defendant's Testimony at a Suppression Hearing 348

Thomas Earl Simmons v. United States 348

Fourth Amendment Right to Suppress-A Personal Right 351

Frank L. Rakas and Lonnie L. King v. State of Illinois 351

Federal Review of State Court Decisions in Fourth Amendment Cases 356

W. T. Stone, Warden v. Lloyd Charles Powell 356

Charles L. Wolff, Jr., Warden v. David L. Rice 356

Grand Jury Investigations 359

United States v. John P. Calandra 359

Chapter VII CASES INVOLVING THE FIFTH AMENDMENT 367

The Fifth Amendment 369

Custodial Police Interrogation 373

Arthur Culombe v. State of Connecticut 373

Emesto A. Miranda v. State of Arizona 377

Incomplete Miranda Warnings 388

State of Michigan v. Thomas W. Tucker 388

Sixth Amendment Protections After Arraignment 394

Lou V. Brewer, Warden v. Rpbert Anthony Williams 394

Miranda-Cutting Off and Later Resuming Interrogation 397

State of Michigan v. Richard Bert Mosley 397

Use of Inadmissible Evidence to Impeach a Defendant 403

State of Oregon v. William Robert Hass 403

The Hazards of "Inviting" a Suspect to the Police Station 407

Irving Jerome' Dunaway v, State of New York 407

Non-Custodial Interrogation 413

Alvin A. Beckwith, Jr. v. United States 413

The Right to Counsel 419

Escobedo v. State of Illinois 421

Implied Waiver of Miranda Rights 421

State of North Carolina v. Willie Thomas Butler 426

Use of Immunized Testimony for Impeachment 426

State of New Jersey v. Joseph S. Portash 430

Use of an Accused's Silence at Time of Arrest for Impeachment 430

Jefferson Doyle v. State of Ohio 430

Richard Wood v. State of Ohio 436

The Fifth Amendment and Tax Returns 436

Roy D. Garner v. United States 441

Self-Incrimination of Police 441

Edward J, Garrity v. State of New Jersey 443

Interrogation of Juveniles 443

Kenneth F. Fare v. Michael 443

Chapter VIII CASES INVOLVING THE SIXTH AMENDMENT 450

Right to Counsel 450

Gideon v. Wainwright 450

When Does an Accused Have the Right to Counsel? 453

The Line-Up 454

United States v. Billy Joe Wade 457

Photo identification 457

United States v. Charles J. Ash, Jr 463

John R. Manson, Commissioner v. Nowell A. Braithwaite 463

Interlocking Confessions and the Bruton Rule 468

Harry Parker v. James Randolph 471

Chapter IX OTHER SIGNIFICANT CASES 476

Suppression of Evidence by the Prosecution 476

Brady v. State of Maryland 476

Juvenile Court Proceedings 479

In re Gault 479

Civil Liability of Law Enforcement Officers 486

Webster Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents ofFederal Bureau of Narcotics 486

Entrapment 491

Z. T, Osborn, Jr. v. United States 491

United States v. Richard Russell 491

Charles Hampton v. United States 504

"Fruit of the Poisonous Tree" Doctrine 509

Richard Brown v. State of Illinois 509

United States v. Ralph Ceccolini 515

Sixth Amendment's Right to Compulsory Process 519

United States v. Richard M. Nixon. 519

Richard M. Nixon v, United States 519

A Prosecutor's Immunity 525

Paul Kern Imbler v, Richard Pachtman 525

The Fifth Amendment and the Advice of Counsel 529

Michael Anthony Maness v. James R. Meyers 529

Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment 534

Norval Goss v, Dwight Lopez 534

Partnership Records and the Fifth Amendment 538

Isadore H. Bellis v. United States 538

Production of Business Records 543

Peter C. Andresen v. State of Maryland 543

Conspiracy 549

Robert E. lannelli v. United States 549

Search of Luggage Incident to an Arrest 553

State of Arkansas v. Lonnie James Sanders 553

On-The-Street Identification 558

Zackary C. Brown v. State of Texas 558

Good-Faith Arrest 561

State of Michigan v. Gary DeFillippo 561

The Right to Counsel After Indictment 565

Winston Massiah v. United States 565

A Suppression Hearing to Determine Voluntariness of a Confession 569

Nathan Jackson v. Wilfred Denno. Warden 569

Epilogue 575

Appendix A RELEVANT FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND MISCELLANEOUS FEDERAL STATUTES 577

I. Scope, Purpose, and Construction 577

II. Preliminary Proceedings 578

III. Indictment and Information 581

IV. Arraignment and Preparation for Trial 586

Miscellaneous Federal Statutes: 18 United States Code 596

Appendix B RATING SUPREME COURT JUSTICES 605

Appendix C SUPREME COURT DECISIONS INVOLVING THE CRIMINAL PROCESS OVERRULED BY SUBSEQUENT DECISIONS 616

Appendix D INSIDE VIEW OF THE HIGH COURT 623

Appendix E USE OF FORCE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS-GENERAL AXIOMS OF LAW 630

Glossary 633

Index 635