公司战略 企业的资源与范围 英文版PDF电子书下载

Vision,Goals,and Objectives 1

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Corporate Strategy 1

The Need for Corporate Strategy 1

CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE STRATEGY 1

Brief Contents 1

The Pressure to Change 2

The Story Today: No There,There 4

What Is Corporate Strategy? 5

PRINCIPLES 5

Vision 7

PRACTICE 7

A Framework for Corporate Strategy 7

Goals and Objectives 8

Resources 9

Businesses 10

Structure, Systems, and Processes 10

Corporate Advantage 11

Enduring Logic 12

The Road Ahead 13

Recommended Readings 14

The Concept of Corporate Strategy 15

Appendix A: Past Approaches to Corporate Strategy 15

APPENDIX A: PAST APPROACHES TO CORPORATE STRATEGY 15

Portfolio Planning 17

Organization Structure and Diversification 17

Value-Based Strategy 19

Generic Corporate Strategies 21

Resource-Based View 22

Chapter 2 Resources and Rents 25

Resources 25

Introduction 25

CHAPTER 2: RESOURCES AND RENTS 25

Business-Unit Strategy 26

PRINCIPLES 26

Stocks and Flows 27

Resources 28

What Are Resources? 28

What Makes Resources Valuable? 30

Intrinsic Properties of Resources 36

Economic Rent 38

The Sting of Schumpeterian Competition 39

Resource-Based Strategy 41

Identification of Valuable Resources 41

PRACTICE 41

Investing in Resources 43

Upgrading Resources 45

Leveraging Resources 46

Recommended Readings 47

APPENDIX B: BUSINESS STRATEGY AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 48

Strategy Identification 48

Appendix B: Business Strategy and Industry Analysis 48

Industry Analysis 49

The Degree of Rivalry 50

The Threat of Entry 51

Buyer Power 53

The Threats of Substitutes 53

Generic Strategies 54

Summary 54

Supplier Power 54

Chapter 3 Scale and Scope within an Industry 57

Businesses 57

Introduction 57

CHAPTER 3: SCALE AND SCOPE WITHIN AN INDUSTRY 57

Dimensions of Scope 58

PRINCIPLES 58

Expansion within an Industry 60

Economies of Scale 61

Experience Curve 63

Limits to Scale and Experience 64

Economies of Scope 65

Obstacles to Exploiting Scale and Scope 67

PRACTICE 68

The Search for Scale and Scope Effects 68

Identifying Scale and Scope Effects 69

Scale and Scope Along the Value Chain 70

Conclusion 73

Recommended Readings 73

Chapter 4 Diversified Expansion 75

Guiding Growth 75

Introduction 75

CHAPTER 4: DIVERSIFIED EXPANSION 75

PRINCIPLES 76

Why Do Firms Diversify? 76

Choice of Businesses 78

Matching Resources and Businesses 78

A Sequence of Steps 79

Resources as a Springboard 81

Diversification and Firm Performance 84

Performance Implication 85

The Importance of the Industry Effect 87

Summary 88

PRACTICE: MODE OF EXPANSION 89

Mergers and Acquisitions 89

Benefits 90

Drawbacks 91

Internal Development 93

Drawbacks 94

Benefits 94

Alliances 95

Benefits 95

Drawbacks 95

Recommended Readings 96

Chapter 5 Organizational Limits to Firm Scope 99

Structure,Systems,and Processes 99

CHAPTER 5: ORGANIZATIONAL LIMITS TO FIRM SCOPE 99

Introduction 99

PRINCIPLES 100

Scope of the Firm: Resources and Competitive Advantage 100

Scope of the Firm: Market or Hierarchy 100

The Market 103

Benefits of the Market 103

Costs of the Market: Transaction Costs and Market Failure 104

Other Sources of Market Failure 107

Summary 108

The Hierarchy 108

Benefits of the Hierarchy 108

Costs of the Hierarchy 109

Summary 113

Conclusion: The Choice between Market and Hierarchy 113

Intermediate Forms of Organization 114

PRACTICE 115

Choosing the Scope of the Firm 115

Bias to the Market 116

A Decision Process 116

Step 1: Disaggregate the Industry Value Chain 116

Step 2: Competitive Advantage 117

Step 3: Market Failure 119

Step 4: Need for Coordination 120

Step 5: Importance of Incentives 121

Summary 123

Recommended Readings 124

Chapter 6 Managing the Multibusiness Corporation 127

CHAPTER 6: MANAGING THE MULTIBUSINESS CORPORATION 127

Introduction 127

PRINCIPLES 128

The Administrative Context 128

Designing the Context 128

Form and Function 129

Applying Organizational Economics 131

Organization Structure 133

Systems and Processes 136

Control 136

Coherence 139

Summary: Linking Administrative Context to Purpose 142

PRACTICE 142

Roles of the Corporate Office 142

Set Strategy 143

Resource Guardian 143

General Overhead Functions 144

Setting the Administrative Context 145

Control 146

Coherence 148

Summary: The Size of the Corporate Office 150

Appendix C: Mechanisms for Achieving Control and Coherence 150

Recommended Readings 152

APPENDIX C: MECHANISMS FOR ACHIEVING CORPORATE COHERENCE 154

Transferring Resources and Skills 154

Coordination of Activities 159

Coordinating Strategies 162

Coordinating Market Position 162

Coordinating Multimarket Competition 163

Chapter 7 Creating Corporate Advantage 167

Putting It All Together 167

CHAPTER 7: CREATING CORPORATE ADVANTAGE 167

Introduction 167

PRINCIPLES 167

A System of Value Creation 167

Consistency between Resources and Businesses 168

Consistency between Businesses and Organizational Structure, Systems ,and Processes 169

Consistency between Organizational Structure, Systems,and Processes and Resources 170

A Continuum of Effective Corporate Strategies 170

Evaluating Corporate Strategy 173

Vision 173

PRACTICE 173

Internal Consistency 174

External Consistency 174

Feasibility 175

Corporate Advantage 176

Summary 177

CHAPTER 8: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 179

Introduction 179

Chapter 8 Corporate Governance 179

PRINCIPLES 180

Why Governance Fails 180

Agency Problems and Self-Interest 180

Contextual Factors 182

Evidence of Failures in Governance 183

Managerial Indulgences 184

Empire Building 185

PRACTICE 186

Modern Corporate Governance 186

The Market for Corporate Control 187

Institutional Investors 188

Relationship Investing 191

Disengaged Directors 192

The Role of the Corporate Board 192

The Structure of Good Governance 193

Limitations on the Board s Ability to Govern 195

Creating Corporate Advantage 196

Role of the CEO 196

Recommended Readings 197

CASE1-1: THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY（A） 199

Case 1-1 The Walt Disney Company（A）: Corporate Strategy 199

Case 1-2 The Walt Disney Company（B）: Sustaining Growth 223

CASE1-2: THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY（B）: SUSTAINING GROWTH 223

Case 1-3 Portfolio Planning at Ciba-Geigy and the Newport Investment Proposal 245

CASE1-2: PORTFOLIO PLANNING AT CIBA-GEIGY AND THE NEWPORT INVESTMENT PROPOSAL 245

Case 2-1 Marks and Spencer,Ltd.（A） 259

CASE2-1: MARKS AND SPENCER,LTD.（A） 259

Case 2-2 Berkshire Partners 282

CASE2-2: BERKSHIRE PARTNERS 282

Case 2-3 Saturn Corporation s Module ll Decision 301

CASE2-3: SATURN CORPORATION S MODULE II DECISION 301

CASE3-1: BANC ONE CORPORATION,1989 319

Case 3-1 Bane One Corporation, 1989 319

Case 3-2 Masco Corporation（A） 343

CASE3-2: MASCO CORPORATION（A） 343

Case 3-3 The Household Fumiture Industry in 1986 356

CASE3-3: THE HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE INDUSTRY IN 1986 356

CASE3-4: CAT FIGHT IN THE PET FOOD INDUSTRY（A） 369

Case 3-4 Cat Fight in the Pet Food Industry （A） 369

CASE4-1: ENCLEAN: MALCOLM WADDELL S STORY（A） 383

Case 4-1 EnClean: Malcolm Waddell s Story（A） 383

CASE4-2: COOPER INDUSTRIES CORPORATE STRATEGY 407

Case 4-2 Cooper Industries Corporate Strategy 407

Case 4-3 Asahi Glass Company: Diversification Strategy 434

CASE4-3: ASAHI GLASS COMPANY: DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY 434

Case 5-1 VisiCorp 1978-1984 458

CASE5-1: VISICORP 1978-1984 458

Case 5-2 Birds Eye and the U.K.Frozen Food Industry （A） 479

CASE5-2: BIRDS EYE AND THE U.K.FROZEN FOOD INDUSTRY（A） 479

Case 5-3 Crown Equipment Corporation: Design Services Strategy 499

CASE5-3:CROWN EQUIPMENT CORPORATION: DESIGN SERVICES STRATEGY 499

Case 5-4 Habitat for Humanity International 518

CASE5-4: HABITAT FOR HUMANITY INTERNATIONAL 518

Case 6-1 Textron,Inc. 543

CASE6-1: TEXTRON,INC. 543

CASE6-2: PEPSICO S RESTAURANTS 569

Case 6-2 Pepsico s Restaurants 569

CASE6-3: CODMAN SHURTLEFF,INC.: 597

Case 6-3 Codman Shurtleff,Inc.: Planning and Control System 597

Case 6-4 Newell Company: Acquisition Strategy 613

CASE6-4: NEWELL COMPANY: ACQUISITION STRATEGY 613

Case 6-5 Sharp Corporation: Technology Strategy 635

CASE6-5: SHARP CORPORATION: TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY 635

CASE6-6: SMASHING THE CUBE: CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION AT CIBA-GEIGY,LTD. 662

Case 6-6 Smashing the Cube: Corporate Transformation at Ciba-Geigy,Ltd. 663

Case 7-1 Beatrice Companies-1985 684

CASE7-1: BEATRICE COMPANIES-1985 684

CASE8-1: ICI AND HANSON（A） 701

Case 8-1 ICI and Hanson（A） 701

Case 8-2 The General Mills Board and Strategic Planning 731

CASE8-2: THE GENERAL MILLS BOARD AND STRATEGIC PLANNING 731

CASE8-3: LUKENS INC.: THE MELTERS COMMITTEE（A） 741

Index 741

Case 8-3 Lukens Inc.: The Melters Committee（A） 741