Java 2考试指南 英文原版PDF电子书下载

Introduction 1

PartⅠ Studying for the Programmer s Exam 7

Chapter 1 Programmer Exam Roadmap 8

What Is the Programmer Exam Like? 8

What s on the Exam 8

Declarations and Access Control 9

Flow Control and Exception Handling 9

Garbage Collection 9

Language Fundamentals 9

Operators and Assignments 9

Overloading,Overriding Runtime Type,and Object Orientation 10

Threads 10

The java.awt Package-Layout 10

The jave.lang Package 10

The java.util Package 10

The java.io Package 11

How Does the Text Map to the Programmer Exam Objectives? 11

How the Test Is Administered 11

How to Sign up for and Take the Exams 11

Test-Taking Tips for the Programmer Exam 12

What the Test Program Looks Like for the Programmer Exam 12

Be Careful! 13

Take Your Time and Answer the Easy Ones First 13

Beware of Tricks 14

Understand Why the Question Is on the Test 14

Know Your Test Center 15

What Happens When You re Done? 16

Sun s Take on Certification 16

How Sun Manages the Certification Process 16

Where Certification Is Heading 17

Chapter 2 Java Programming Fundamentals 18

Java Programming Concepts 18

Objects 18

Classes 19

Packages 19

Inheritance 19

Encapsulation 20

Access Controls 20

Java s Characteristics 21

Design for Distributed Networks 22

Design for Multithreading 22

Design for Ease of Use and Reuse 22

Design for Security 23

Working with Java Applets and Applications 23

The Java Specification and the API 23

Java1.1 24

Java2:JDK1.2 24

Java2:JDK1.3 25

Review Questions 25

Answers to Review Questions 26

Chapter 3 Java Keywords 27

An Alphabetical List of All the Keywords 27

Organizing Classes 27

Defining Classes 28

Keywords for Classes and Members 28

Simple Data Types 30

Values and Variables 30

Exception Handing 31

Instance Creation and Testing 32

Control Flow 32

Exerciese 34

Exercise3-1 34

Exercise3-2 34

Exercise3-3 34

Answers to the Exercises 34

Review Questions 35

Answers to Review Questions 36

Chapter 4 Java Building Blocks 37

Identifiers 37

Literals 38

Boolean Literals 38

Character Literals 38

Exercise4-1 39

String Literals 39

Exercise4-2 40

Integer Literals 40

Floating-Point Literals 41

Separators 41

Operators 41

Exercise4-3 42

Exercise4-4 43

Comments 43

Answers to the Exercises 44

Review Questions 44

Answers to Review Questions 46

Chapter 5 Memory and Garbage Collection 47

Garbage Collection 47

When Does an Object Become Eligible for Garbage Collection? 48

Invoking the Garbage Collector 48

Finalization 49

Exercise5-1 49

Exercise5-2 49

Accessing Members 50

Exercise5-3 51

Passing Parameters to a Method 51

Exercise5-4 54

Forcing Garbage Collection 55

Answers to the Exercises 55

Review Questions 57

Answers to Review Questions 59

Chapter 6 Data Types and Vaues 60

Data Types 60

Variables and Data Types 61

Primitive Data Types 61

Integer Data Types 62

Character Values 63

Floating-Point Arithmetic 64

Booleans 65

Casting 65

Exercises 66

Exercise6.1 66

Exercise6.2 66

Exercise6.3 66

Arrays 66

Declaring and Initializing Arrays 67

One-Dimensional Arrays 67

Initializing an Array When it is Allocated 68

Exercise6.4 69

Arrays of Arrays 69

Where Arrays Fit into the Class Hierarchy 70

Answers to the Exercises 71

Review Questions 72

Answers to Review Questions 73

Chapter 7 Operators 74

Operators and Expressions 74

Arithmetic Operators 75

Assignment Operators 77

Comparison Operators 78

Logical Operators 79

Bitwise Operators 80

The >>Operator 81

The >>>Operator 82

The <<Operator 83

The?,I,and?Operators 84

Exercises 85

Exercise7.1 85

Testing for an Object s Class Type 85

Exercise7.2 86

equals() and== 86

Exercise7.3 87

Exercise7.4 87

Operator Precedence and Evaluation Order 87

Using Arrays in Expressions 89

Using chars in Expressions 89

Answers to the Exercises 89

Review Questions 92

Answers to Review Questions 94

Chapter8 Control Flow 96

Using if and if...else Statements 96

if Statements 96

if...eles Statements 97

Nested if Statements 97

Legal Values for if Statements 98

Exercise8.1 98

Looping Expressions 99

while Statements 99

do-while Statements 100

Legal Values for while and do-while Statements 101

Iteration with for loops 101

for Statements 101

Controlling for Loops with Expressions 102

Nested for Loops 102

Switch and Case Statements 103

switch case 103

Nested switch case 104

Using Jump Statements 105

break 105

continue 105

labeled loops 106

Exercise8.2 108

Using ??and ‖ 109

Exercise8.3 109

Answers to the Exercises 109

Review Questions 110

Answers to Review Questions 111

Chapter9 Methods 112

Defining Methods 112

Methods Definitions 112

Return Types 113

Method Modifiers 114

Exercise9.1 116

Overloading a Method 117

Exercise9.2 118

Overriding a Method 118

Access Control to Subclasses 119

Inheriting Synchronized and Abstract 119

Return Types 119

Parameter Types 120

Exceptions 120

Exercise9.3 120

Object References to Base and Derived Classes 121

Answers to the Exercises 122

Review Questions 124

Answers to Review Questions 125

Chapter10 Constructors 126

Constructor Essentials 126

The Default Constructor 127

Defining,Overloading,and Overriding a Constructor 128

Invoking Another Constructor 130

Instance Variables in Constructors 130

Exercise10.1 132

Exercise10.2 132

Exercise10.3 133

Answers to the Exercises 133

Review Questions 134

Answers to Review Questions 136

Chapter11 Objects and Classes 137

Objects 137

Creating and Destroying Objects 138

Classes 139

Declaring a Class 139

Application Class Structures 140

Applet Class Structures 140

Class Variables 143

Instance Variables 144

Static Variables 145

Predefined Instances 145

null 145

this 145

super 146

Object-Oriented Relationships Using‘is a’and ‘has a’ 146

Exercises 148

Exercise11.1 148

Exercise11.2 148

Class Keywords 148

public 149

abstract 149

strictfp 150

final 150

Exercise11.3 151

Exercise11.4 151

Variable Keywords 151

static 151

final 151

transient 152

volatile 152

Exercise11.5 152

Access Control Keywords 152

public 152

private 153

protected 153

Exercise11.6 153

Exercise11.7 154

Exercise11.8 154

Exercise11.9 154

Exercise11.10 154

Casting Classes 155

Inner Classes 156

Creating Inner Classes 156

Anonymous Classes 160

Static Inner Classes 161

Exercise11.11 161

Answers to the Exercises 162

Review Questions 168

Answers to Review Questions 171

Chapter12 Packages,Inheritance,and Interfaces 172

Packages 172

Declaring a Package 172

The CLASSPATH Environmental Variable 174

Import Statements 174

Package Naming Conventions 175

Using Packages 176

Exercise12.1 177

Exercise12.2 177

Exercise12.3 177

Exercise12.4 178

Creating a Package 178

Ordering of a Java Source File 180

Exercise12.5 180

Exercise12.6 181

Inheritance 182

Declaring Inheritance 183

Using Inheritance 184

Interfaces 185

Using Interfaces 185

Defining Interfaces 186

Using the Cloneable Interface 187

Exercise12.7 188

Answers to the Exercises 188

Review Questions 190

Answers to Review Questions 191

Chapter13 Passing Arguments to Programs 192

The main() Method 192

Command Line Arguments 193

Exercise13.1 194

When main() Ends 195

Embedding an Applet in an HTML Page 195

Passing Parameters to an Applet 196

Retrieving Parameters 197

Exercise13.2 198

Customizing an Applet 198

Answers to the Exercises 201

Review Questions 203

Answers to Review Questions 204

Chapter14 Exceptions 205

Exception Basics 205

Working with Exceptions 206

Uncaught Exceptions 207

Checked and Unchecked Exceptions 207

Using try,catch,and finally 208

Exercise14.1 209

Common Java Exceptions 210

Using Methods Defined by Exception and Throwable 211

Rethrowing an Exception 211

Exercise14.2 212

Which Exceptions a Method Can Throw 213

Exceptions in an Overriding Method in a Subclass 213

Exercise14.3 214

Creating and Throwing an Exception 214

Exercise14.4 215

Answers to the Exercises 215

Review Questions 218

Answers to Review Questions 223

Chapter15 Multithreading 224

An Overview of Threads 224

Thread States 224

Thread Life Cycles 225

Thread Scheduling and Priorities 226

Creating Threads With java.lang.Thread and java.lang.Runnable 227

Subclassing Thread 227

Implementing Runnable 229

Exercise15.1 230

Monitors and Synchronization 232

Understanding Synchronization 232

Exercise15.2 234

Using wait(),notify(),and notifyAll() 234

Exercise15.3 238

Managing Threads With Wait-Notify and Sleep 238

Why a Thread Might Not Execute 241

Exercise15.4 242

Other Useful Thread Methods 242

Answers to the Exercises 242

Review Questions 247

Answers to Review Questions 248

Chapter16 Essential java.lang and java.util 249

Wrapper Classes 249

The Boolean Class 249

The Character Class 250

The Byte,Short,Integer,and Long Classes 250

The Float and Double Classes 251

Using Wrapper Classes 251

Exercise16.1 252

Working with the Math Class 252

abs() 252

ceil() 253

floor() 253

max() 254

min() 254

random() 254

round() 254

sqrt() 255

sin() 255

cos() 255

tan() 255

Exercise16.2 255

The String and StringBuffer Classes 255

String Operators 255

The Immutability of Strings 256

Methods of the String Class 257

Exercise16.3 258

String Buffers 258

Exercise16.4 259

Collections 260

Overview of the Collections API 260

Collection API Essentials 262

Answers to the Exercises 263

Review Questions 264

Answers to Review Questions 267

Chapter17 java.io 268

The java.io Package 268

InputStream and OutputStream 269

FilterInputStream and FilterOutputStream 269

DataInput and DataOutput 271

Reader and Writer 272

Working with Files 273

Testing to See if a File Exists 273

Finding Information about a File Node 274

Deleting and Renaming Files 274

Creating Directories 274

Navigating the File System 274

Creating Files 274

Exercise17.1 275

Creating Temporary Files 275

Streams 276

Sequencing Stream Filters 276

Exercise17.2 278

Reading and Writing Data Streams 278

Encoded Text Streams 279

Writing To and Reading From Files 281

Exercise17.3 282

Random Access Files 282

File Descriptors 284

Exercise17.4 285

Using Buffered Readers to Read Text Input 285

Using Print Writers to Write Text Output 286

Answers to the Exercises 288

Review Questions 290

Answers to Review Questions 291

Chapter18 java.awt:Graphics and Components 293

The Abstract Windowing Toolkit(AWT) 293

AWT Essentials 295

Applets and AWT 296

The paint() Method 297

Repainting 297

paint()and the Graphics Class 298

Smoother Graphics 298

Drawing Using a Graphics Object 299

drawString() 300

drawLine() 300

drawRect(),fillRect() 301

drawPolygon(),fillPolygon() 302

drawArc(),fillArc() 302

drawImage() 304

Exercise18.1 304

The Image Class 304

Creating a Blank Image 304

Loading or Transferring an Image 305

Using an ImageObserver 306

Exercise18.2 308

Working with Frame Windows 308

Constructing the Frame 308

Sizing the Frame 308

Setting the Frame Title 309

Closing the Frame Window 309

Creating a Frame Window in An Application 310

Creating a Frame Window in An Applet 311

How Java Arranges Components Within Containers 313

The Component Class,Subclasses,and Methods 313

TextArea 313

TextField 315

List 315

Exercise18.3 316

Key Component Methods 317

Answers to the Exercises 319

Review Questions 321

Answers to Review Questions 322

Chapter19 java.awt:Layout 323

Components and Layout Managers 323

Layout Manager Essentials 323

Using Layout Managers 324

FlowLayout 324

BorderLayout 326

GridLayout 330

Other Types of Layout Managers 332

Default Layout Managers 332

Exercise19.1 332

Answers to the Exercises 333

Review Questions 334

Answers to Review Questions 335

Chapter20 java.awt:Event Handling 336

Event Classes 336

Listening for Events 337

The Listener Interfaces 339

ActionListener 339

Interface Method 339

AdjustmentListener 340

ComponentListener 340

ContainerListener 340

FocusListener 341

ItemListener 341

KeyListener 341

MouseListener 341

MouseMotionListener 342

TextListener 342

WindowListener 342

Implementing a Listener Interface 343

Exercise20.1 344

Semantic and Low-Level Events 344

ActionEvent 344

AdjustmentEvent 344

ItemEvent 345

AWTEvent Subclasses 345

AWTEvent 345

ActionEvent 345

AdjustmentEvent 346

ComponentEvent 346

ContainerEvent 346

FocusEvent 346

InputEvent 346

ItemEvent 346

KeyEvent 346

MouseEvent 347

PaintEvent 347

TextEvent 347

WindowEvent 347

Exercise20.2 347

Extending Adapter Classes 347

Exercise20.3 348

Answers to the Exercises 348

Review Questions 351

Answers to Review Questions 352

Chapter21 Sun Certified Programmer Practice Exam1 353

Practice Exam Number1 353

Questions 353

Answers to Exam Questions 374

Chapter22 Sun Certified Programmer Practice Exam2 377

Practice Exam Number2 377

Questions 377

Answers to Exam Questions 393

Chapter23 Sun Certified Programmer Practice Exam3 396

Practice Exam Number3 396

Questions 396

Answers to Exam Questions 416

PartⅡ Studying for The Developer s Exam 419

Chapter24 Developer Exam Roadmap 420

A Quick Overview 420

Concepts You Should Know Before Getting Started 421

The Programming Assignment 421

The Essay Exam 423

How to Sign Up For and Take the Exams 424

How to Acquire the Programming 424

Strategies for Approaching the Developer Assignment 425

Chapter25 Developing with Java 426

Styles and Conventions 427

Identifiers 427

Comments 427

Error Handling 427

Java s Documentation Problem 428

javadoc 429

Helping javadoc 429

javadoc Tags 432

Variables 432

Classes 434

Methods 434

Rules for Using javadoc Comments and Tags 435

Examples of javadoc Comments and Tags 435

Abstract Classes 438

Interfaces 438

Grouping Behavior 438

Enforcing Your API 438

Identifying Intent 439

Exercies25.1 439

Packages 439

Creating Packages 439

Restricting Access 440

Defining Subsystems 440

Exercise25.2 441

Defining Access Methods 441

Exercise25.3 443

Answers to the Exercises 444

Review Questions 446

Answers to Review Questions 447

Chapter26 Accessing and Managing Databases 448

Roll-Your-Own Databases 449

Accessing Databases from Multiple Clients 451

Two-Tiered and Three-Tiered Architectures 452

Using Java APIs 453

Remote Method Invocation 453

Defining a Remote Interface 454

Defining a Remote Class 454

Defining the Class,Interface,and Constructor 455

Installing the Security Manager and Registering the Bootstrap Naming Service 458

Invoking Remote Objects 459

Stubs and Skeletons 461

Getting Things Going 461

Exercise26.1 462

JDBC 462

The Need for Drivers 462

Using ODBC 463

Opening a Connection to a Database 464

Interacting with a Database 464

An Example of Using ODBC with Microsoft Access 465

Exercise26.2 466

Answers to the Exercises 467

Review Questions 468

Answers to Review Questions 469

Chapter27 Network Programming and Communication 470

ATCP/IP Primer 470

Ports and Sockets 472

Streams 473

Designing Servers and Clients 473

Handling Multiple Clients 474

Client Issues 475

The Networking Package 476

InetAddress 476

Socket and ServerSocket 476

Internet Streams 478

Client-Server Examples 479

Writing a Single-Client Server in Java 479

server() 487

client() 488

action() 488

run()for SingleChatReceive 488

Cleaning Up 489

Writing a Multi-Client Server in Java 489

server() 494

run() 494

broadcast() 495

cleanUp() 495

The Client 495

Cleaning Up 499

Exercise27.1 499

Exercise27.2 500

Uniform Resource Locator 500

Answers to the Exercises 501

Review Questions 511

Answers to Review Questions 512

Chapter28 Designing Application Interfaces 513

Mix and Match! 513

Using One Layout Manager 514

Exercise28.1 520

Changing Your Look 520

Text 520

Font and Color 521

Replacing a Component 521

Exercise 28.2 521

Working with Frames 522

Closing the Frame 522

Making an Applet a Standalone Application 523

Exercise28.3 523

Answers to the Exercises 523

Review Questions 527

Answers to Review Questions 528

Chapter29 Sun Certified Developer Practice Programming Assignment 529

The Scenario 529

The Prototype Specifications 530

The Design Completed So Far 530

The New Design 532

The Code Completed So Far 533

What You Will Add to the Code 537

The Database 538

The Server 538

The Client 538

The User Interface 538

The Protocol 538

Making a New Reservation 539

Delete a Passenger s Reservation 539

Finding a Passenger s Seat 539

Finding All Open Seats 539

Retrieving the List of Passengers 539

What the User Interface Should Look Like when You re Done 539

Updating the Passenger List 541

Final Words of Advice 541

One Possible Answer for the Client Side 542

Client.java 542

TopFrame.java 545

EdnaUI.java 545

NewPassenger.java 548

DeletePassenger.java 549

One Possible Answer for the Server Side 551

Server.java(Including ClientServerThread) 551

The Three Missing Methods from DB.java 558

Chapter30 Sun Certified Developer Practice Essay Essay Exam 560

Questions 560

Answers 561

PartⅢ Appendices 563

AppendixA What s on the CD-ROM 564

How the CD is Organized 564

Source Code 564

Sun s JDK 564

Where to Find More 564

What Is the Test Engine? 565

Appendix B The JDK 566

The Pieces of the JDK 566

The Compiler 566

The Runtime Environment for Stand-Alone Programs 567

The Documentation Tool 567

The Applet Viewer 568