战略管理 英文版 第6版PDF电子书下载

PART 1 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 1

CASES C- 1

CHAPTER 1

THE NATURE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 2

SERVICE COMPANIESSMALL BUSINESSES1．Splatterball Adventure Games—1996 2

Defining Strategic Management 4

WHAT IS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT? 4

Stages of Strategic Management 5

Adapting to Change 6

Integrating Intuition and Analysis 6

KEY TERMS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 8

Strategists 8

Mission Statements 9

External Opportunities and Threats 9

Internal Strengths and Weaknesses 9

Long-Term Objectives 10

ContentsPREFACE 10

Strategies 11

Annual Objectives 11

THE STRATEGIC-MANAGEMENT MODEL 12

Policies 12

2．Norwood Furniture Company—1995 14

BENEFITS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 15

INTRODUCTIONHOW TO ANALYZE A BUSINESS POLICY CASE　 15

Financial Benefits 16

Nonfinancial Benefits 17

The Need for Practicality 18

BUSINESS ETHICS AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 18

The Need for Justification 18

The Need for Realism 18

WHAT IS A BUSINESS POLICY CASE?　 18

GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING CASE ANALYSES　 18

The Need for Specificity 19

PREPARING A CASE FOR CLASS DISCUSSION 19

The Need for Originality 19

The Case Method Versus Lecture Approach 19

The Need to Contribute 19

PREPARING A WRITTEN CASE ANALYSIS 　 20

The Executive Summary 20

The Cross-Examination 20

COMPARING BUSINESS AND MILITARY STRATEGY 21

MAKING AN ORAL PRESENTATION 21

The Comprehensive Written Analysis 21

Steps in Preparing a Comprehensive Written Analysis 21

Constructing Visual Aids 22

Speaking from Notes 22

Managing Body Language 　 22

Controlling Your Voice 22

Organizing the Presentation 22

FIFTY TIPS FOR SUCCESS IN CASE ANALYSIS 23

Answering Questions 23

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR AND CASE ANALYST SOFTWARE 26

THE COHESION CASE AND EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 26

THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR SOFTWARE 27

Making a Backup Copy of the Diskettes 27

The Cohesion Case:Hershey Foods Corporation—1996 27

3．The Woodlands Cleaning Service—1995 28

The Structure and Function of Strategy Formulator　 28

The Print Routine 29

The Save and Load Routines 29

Getting Started 　 29

Contents of the Diskette 31

THE CASE ANALYST SOFTWARE 31

BANKINGINDUSTRY NOTE 37

Experiential Exercise 1B Developing a Code of Business Ethics for Hershey Foods 42

Experiential Exercise 1A Strategy Analysis for Hershey Foods 42

Experiential Exercise 1C The Ethics of Spying on Competitors 43

Experiential Exercise 1E Strategic Planning at a Local Company 44

Experiential Exercise 1D Strategic Planning for My University 44

CHAPTER 2 STRATEGIES IN ACTION 46

TYPES OF STRATEGIES 48

INTEGRATION STRATEGIES 48

Forward Integration 50

Backward Integration 50

Horizontal Integration 51

INTENSIVE STRATEGIES 51

Market Penetration 52

Market Development 52

Product Development 52

4．Citicorp—1996 53

DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES 53

Horizontal Diversification 53

Concentric Diversification 53

Joint Venture 54

DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES 54

Conglomerate Diversification 54

Divestiture 55

Retrenchment 55

GUIDELINES FOR PURSUING STRATEGIES 56

Combination 56

Liquidation 56

MERGERS AND LEVERAGED BUYOUTS 59

MICHAEL PORTER'S GENERIC STRATEGIES 60

Leveraged Buyouts(LBOs) 60

Cost Leadership Strategies 61

Differentiation Strategies 61

Focus Strategies 62

The Value Chain 63

The Competitive Advantage of Nations 63

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN NONPROFIT GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 63

Educational Institutions 64

Medlcal Organizations 64

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN SMALL FIRMS 65

Governmental Agencies and Departments 65

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2B EXAMINING STRATEGY ARTICLES 70

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2A WHAT HAPPENED AT HERSHEY FOODS IN 1997? 70

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2D STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AT THE DYNAMIC COMPUTER COMPANY 71

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2C CLASSIFYING 1996 STRATEGIES 71

5．Banc One Corporation—1996 72

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2E HOW RISKY ARE VARIOUS ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES? 73

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 2F DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR MY UNIVERSITY 74

PART 2 STRATEGY FORMULATION 75

CHAPTER 3 THE BUSINESS MISSION 76

WHAT IS OUR BUSINESS? 78

THE IMPORTANCE OF A CLEAR MISSION 80

Vision Versus Mission 81

The Process of Developing a Mission Statement 82

THE NATURE OF A BUSINESS MISSION 82

A Declaration of Attitude 82

A Resolution of Divergent Views 84

A Customer Orientation 86

A Declaration of Social Policy 87

COMPONENTS OF A MISSION STATEMENT 87

WRITING AND EVALUATING MISSION STATEMENTS 88

RETAILINGINDUSTRY NOTE 89

6．The Limited,Inc.—1996 94

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3A EVALUATING MISSION STATEMENTS 96

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3B WRITING A MISSION STATEMENT FOR HERSHEY FOODS 97

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3D CONDUCTING MISSION STATEMENT RESEARCH 98

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3C WRITING A MISSION STATEMENT FOR MY UNIVERSITY 98

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3F USING THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR SOFTWARE 99

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 3E ARE MISSION STATEMENTS ESOTERIC? 99

CHAPTER 4 THE EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT 100

THE NATURE OF AN EXTERNAL AUDIT 102

Key External Forces 102

The Process of Performing an External Audit 104

Information Technology 105

ECONOMIC FORCES 106

7．Nordstrom—1997 107

SOCIAL,CULTURAL,DEMOGRAPHIC,AND ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES 109

POLITICAL,GOVERNMENTAL,AND LEGAL FORCES 111

TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES 113

COMPETITIVE FORCES 115

Competitive Intelligence Programs 118

Cooperation Among Competitors 120

SOURCES OF EXTERNAL INFORMATION 121

Library Publications 121

Online Databases 121

Indexes 121

FORECASTING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 124

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS:PORTER'S FIVE-FORCES MODEL 126

Making Assumptions 126

8．Wal-Mart Stores,Inc.—1997 127

Rivalry Among Competing Firms 127

Bargaining Power of Suppliers 128

Development of Substitute Products 128

Potential Entry of New Competitors 128

INDUSTRY ANALYSIS:THE EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (EFE)MATRIX 129

Bargaining Power of Consumers 129

THE COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX (CPM) 130

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4B　THE LIBRARY SEARCH 135

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4A　DEVELOPING AN EFE MATRIX FOR HERSHEY　FOODS 　 135

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4E　DEVELOPING A COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX　FOR HERSHEY FOODS　 136

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4D　USING THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR　SOFTWARE 136

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4C　DEVELOPING AN EFE MATRIX FOR MY　UNIVERSITY 136

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 4F　DEVELOPING A COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX　FOR MY UNIVERSITY　 137

CHAPTER 5　THE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 138

LODGING AND GAMING INDUSTRY NOTE 140

Key Internal Forces 140

THE NATURE OF AN INTERNAL AUDIT 140

The Process of Performing an Internal Audit 140

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF BUSINESS 142

Integrating Strategy and Culture 143

Operating As If the Natural Environment Matters 145

MANAGEMENT 146

Planning 146

Organizing 148

Motivating 148

Staffing 149

Controlling 150

MARKETING 151

Customer Analysis 151

Buying Supplies 151

Selling Products/Services 151

Product andService Planning 152

Pricing 152

Distribution 152

FINANCE/ACCOUNTING 153

Marketing Research 153

Opportunity Analysis 153

Social Responsibility 153

Basic Types of Financial Ratios 154

Finance/Accounting Functions 154

PRODUCTION/OPERATIONS 157

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 158

9．Promus Companies,Inc.—1996 159

Internal and External R D 160

COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 162

Strategic Planning Software 163

INTERNAL-AUDIT CHECKLISTS 163

THE INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION(IFE) MATRIX 164

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5B CONSTRUCTING AN IFE MATRIX FOR HERSHEY FOODS 170

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5A PERFORMING A FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS FOR HERSHEY FOODS 170

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5D USINGTHESTRATEGYFORMULATOR SOFTWARE 171

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 5C CONSTRUCTING AN IFE MATRIX FOR MY UNIVERSITY 171

CHAPTER 6 STRATEGY ANALYSIS AND CHOICE 172

The Process of Generating and Selecting Strategies 174

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY ANALYSIS AND CHOICE 174

10．Circus Circus Enterprises,Inc.—1997 175

The Nature of Long-Term Objectives 176

LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES 176

A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY-FORMULATION FRAMEWORK 178

Not Managing by Objectives 178

THE MATCHING STAGE 179

THE INPUTSTAGE 179

The Threats-Opportunities-Weaknesses-Strengths(TOWS)Matrix 180

The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation(SPACE)Matrix 184

The Boston Consulting Group(BCG) Matrix 187

11．Carnival Corporation—1996 188

The Internal-External(IE)Matrix 190

The Grand Strategy Matrix 191

The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix(QSPM) 193

THE DECISION STAGE 193

Positive Features and Limitations of the QSPM 195

CULTURAL ASPECTS OF STRATEGY CHOICE 196

THE POLITICS OF STRATEGY CHOICE 197

THE ROLE OF A BOARD OF DIRECTORS 199

RAILROADS AND BUSESINDUSTRY NOTE 203

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6C DEVELOPING A BCG MATRIX FOR HERSHEY FOODS 205

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6B DEVEIOPING A SPACE MATRIX FOR HERSHEY FOODS 205

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6A DEVELOPING A TOWS MATRIX FOR HERSHEY FOODS 205

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6E FORMULATING INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES 206

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6D DEVELOPING A QSPM FOR HERSHEY FOODS 206

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6F THE MACH TEST 207

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6G DEVELOPING A BCG MATRIX FOR MY UNIVERSITY 208

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6I THE ROLE OF BOARDS OF DIRECTORS 209

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6H USING THE STRATEGY FORMULATOR SOFTWARE 209

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 6J LOCATING COMPANIES IN A GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX 210

12．Dakota,Minnesota, Eastern Railroad—1995 210

PART 3 STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION 211

CHAPTER 7 IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES:MANAGEMENT ISSUES 212

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION 214

Management Perspectives 214

ANNUAL OBJECTIVES 217

POLICIES 219

RESOURCE ALLOCATION 220

MANAGING CONFLICT 221

MATCHING STRUCTURE WITH STRATEGY 222

The Functional Structure 223

The Divisional Structure 223

13．Greyhound Lines,Inc.—1996 225

The Strategic Business Unit(SBU)Structure 226

The Matrix Structure 226

RESTRUCTURING AND REENGINEERING 226

Restructuring 227

Reengineering 227

LINKING PERFORMANCE AND PAY TO STRATEGIES 228

MANAGING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE 230

MANAGING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 232

CREATING A STRATEGY-SUPPORTIVE CULTURE 233

MOVIE CINEMASINDUSTRY NOTE 234

PRODUCTION/OPERATIONS CONCERNS WHEN IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES 234

HUMAN RESOURCE CONCERNS WHEN IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES 236

14．Cineplex Odeon—1996 237

Employee Stock Ownership Plans(ESOPs) 237

Balancing Work Life and Home Life 238

Corporate Fitness Programs 239

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7A REVISING HERSHEY FOODS'ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 245

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7B MATCHING MANAGERS WITH STRATEGY 245

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7C DO ORGANIZATIONS REALLY ESTABLISH OBJECTIVES? 246

NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS15．Audubon Zoo—1995 246

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 7D UNDERSTANDING MY UNIVERSITY'S CULTURE 247

CHAPTER 8 IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES:MARKETING,FINANCE/ACCOUNTING,R D,AND CIS ISSUES 248

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION 250

MARKETING ISSUES 250

Market Segmentation 252

Product Positioning 254

FINANCE/ACCOUNTING ISSUES 257

Pro Forma Financial Statements 258

Financial Budgets 261

Evaluating the Worth of a Business 262

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(R D)ISSUES 263

Deciding Whether to Go Public 263

16．The Classic Car Club of America—1996 263

COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS(CIS)ISSUES 266

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8A DEVELOPING A PRODUCT POSITIONING MAP FOR HERSHEY FOODS 270

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8B PERFORMING AN EPS/EBIT ANALYSIS FOR HERSHEY FOODS 270

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8C USING CASE ANALYST TO PREPARE PRO FORMA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR HERSHEY FOODS 270

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8D DETERMINING THE CASH VALUE OF HERSHEY FOODS 271

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8E DEVELOPING A PRODUCT POSITIONING MAP FOR MY UNIVERSITY 271

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 8F DO BANKS REQUIRE PRO FORMA STATEMENTS? 272

PART 4 STRATEGY EVALUATION 273

CHAPTER 9 STRATEGY REVIEW,EVALUATION,AND CONTROL 274

17．Elkins Lake Baptist Church—1995 275

THE NATURE OF STRATEGY EVALUATION 276

The Process of Evaluating Strategies 280

A STRATEGY-EVALUATION FRAMEWORK 281

Reviewing Bases of Strategy 281

Measuring Organizational Performance 283

Taking Corrective Actions 284

PUBLISHED SOURCES OF STRATEGY-EVALUATION INFORMATION 286

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE EVALUATION SYSTEM 287

18．Walnut Creek Baptist Church—1995 288

CONTINGENCY PLANNING 288

AUDITING 290

The Environmental Audit 290

USING COMPUTERS TO EVALUATE STRATEGIES 291

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 293

19．The Metropolitan Museum of Art—1996 297

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 9A PREPARING A STRATEGY-EVALUATION REPORT FOR HERSHEY FOODS 297

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 9C WHO PREPARES AN ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT? 297

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 9B EVALUATING MY UNIVERSITY'S STRATEGIES 297

PART 5 GLOBAL ISSUES IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 299

CHAPTER 10 INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 300

THE NATURE OF GLOBAL COMPETITION 302

Advantages and Disadvantages of International Operations 304

CULTURES AROUND THE WORLD 305

American Versus Foreign Cultures 306

The Impact of Diverse Industrial Policies 308

THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE 308

Globalization 310

MEXICO 311

Trade Trends 312

Trade Climate 313

A New President 314

Mexican Culture 315

New Business Opportunities 316

RUSSIA 316

Trade Climate and Trends 317

Russia:An Entrepreneur's Paradise 317

Money and Politics 318

Corruption 318

MANUFACTURING COMPANIESSMALL BUSINESSES20．E.L.Nickell Company—1997 318

Joint Ventures 319

The Russian CuIture 319

CHINA 320

Guidelines for Strategic Ventures 320

Trade Climate 322

Trade Trends 322

The Hong Kong Annexation 323

Risks in Doing Business 324

JAPAN 325

Trade Trends 326

Trade Climate 327

21．NSP Corporate Graphics—1995 328

Japanese Management Style 328

Global Expansion 329

Lifetime Employment 330

Financial Services 330

THE EUROPEAN UNION 331

Trade Climate and Trends 331

Unification 334

Mergers and Acquisitions 334

GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESS AS A GLOBAL COMPETITOR 335

NAME INDEX 340

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 10B DETERMINING MY UNIVERSITY'S RECRUITING EFFORTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES 341

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 10A DETERMINING THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR HERSHEY'S PRODUCTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES 341

EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE 10C LESSONS IN DOING BUSINESS GLOBALLY 342

22．Material Handling Engineering,Ltd．—1995 346

SUBJECT INDEX 347

COMPANY INDEX 350

MOTORCYCLE AND MOTOR HOME23．Harley-Davidson—1996 360

24．Winnebago Industries—1996 378

COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFTINDUSTRY NOTE 389

25．McDonnell Douglas Corporation—1996 402

26．Boeing—1996 414

BUILDING AND FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY NOTE 424

27．Weyerhaeuser Company—1996 439

28．Georgia-Pacific Corporation—1996 452

APPARELINDUSTRY NOTE 464

29．W.L.Gore Associates,Inc.—1995 480

30．Nike,Inc.—1996 495

MAGAZINE PUBLISHINGINDUSTRY NOTE 512

31．Playboy Enterprises,Inc.—1996 516

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIESINDUSTRY NOTE 529

32．Biomet,Inc.—1996 540

33．Stryker Corporation—1996 552

PERSONAL-CARE PRODUCTSINDUSTRY NOTE 564

34．Avon Products,Inc.—1996 570

TOBACCOINDUSTRY NOTE 584

35．UST,Inc.—1996 590

FOODINDUSTRY NOTE 603

36．Campbell Soup Company—1996 615

37．Pilgrim's Pride—1996 630

38．Perdue Farms,Inc.—1995 643