计算物理和C++面向对象的程序设计教程 英文PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ C++ programming basics 1

1 Introduction 3

1.1 Objective 3

1.2 Presentation 3

1.3 Why C++ 4

1.4 C++ standards 6

1.5 Summary 7

1.6 How to use this text 7

1.7 Additional study aids 8

1.8 Additional and alternative software packages 8

2 Installing and running the Dev-C++ programming environment 10

2.1 Compiling and running a first program 10

2.2 Using the Dev-C++ debugger 12

2.3 Installing DISLIN and gsl 13

2.4 A first graphics program 14

2.5 The help system 15

2.6 Linux alternatives 16

2.7 Assignment 16

3 Introduction to computer and software architecture 17

3.1 Computational methods 17

3.2 Hardware architecture 18

3.3 Software architecture 20

3.4 The operating system and application software 23

3.5 Assignments 23

4 Fundamental concepts 25

4.1 Overview of program structure 25

4.2 Tokens,names,and keywords 25

4.3 Expressions and statements 26

4.4 Constants,variables,and identifiers 26

4.5 Declarations,definitions,and scope 27

4.6 rvalues and lvalues 28

4.7 Block structure 28

4.8 The const keyword 29

4.9 Operators-precedence and associativity 30

4.10 Formatting conventions 31

4.11 Comments 32

4.12 Assignments 33

5 Writing a first program 37

5.1 The main() function 37

5.2 Namespaces 37

5.3 #include Statements 38

5.4 Input and output streams 39

5.5 File streams 40

5.6 Constant and variable types 41

5.7 Casts 44

5.8 Operators 45

5.9 Control flow 46

5.10 Functions 47

5.11 Arrays and typedefs 47

5.12 A first look at scientific software development 48

5.13 Program errors 51

5.14 Numerical errors with floating-point types 53

5.15 Assignments 55

6 An introduction to object-oriented analysis 62

6.1 Procedural versus object-oriented programming 62

6.2 Problem definition 65

6.3 Requirements specification 66

6.4 UML diagrams 66

6.5 Use case diagram 67

6.6 Classes and objects 68

6.7 Object discovery 71

6.8 Sequence and collaboration diagrams 72

6.9 Aggregation and association 74

6.10 Inheritance 75

6.11 Object-oriented programming approaches 78

6.12 Assignments 79

7 C++ object-oriented programming syntax 83

7.1 Class declaration 83

7.2 Class definition and member functions 83

7.3 Object creation and polymorphism 86

7.4 Information hiding 87

7.5 Constructors 89

7.6 Wrappering legacy code 91

7.7 Inheritance 92

7.8 The'protected'keyword 94

7.9 Assignments 95

8 Control logic and iteration 104

8.1 The bool and enum types 104

8.2 Logical operators 106

8.3 if statements and implicit blocks 107

8.4 else,else if,conditional and switch statements 108

8.5 The exit()function 109

8.6 Conditional compilation 109

8.7 The for statement 110

8.8 while and do...while statements 111

8.9 The break and continue statements 112

8.10 Assignments 112

9 Basic function properties 119

9.1 Principles of function operation 119

9.2 Function declarations and prototypes 121

9.3 Overloading and argument conversion 121

9.4 Built-in functions and header files 122

9.5 Program libraries 124

9.6 Function preconditions and postconditions-the assert statement 128

9.7 Multiple return statements 130

9.8 Functions and global variables 130

9.9 Use of const in functions 131

9.10 Default parameters 132

9.11 Inline functions 132

9.12 Modular programming 133

9.13 Recursive functions 134

9.14 Assignments 134

10 Arrays and matrices 140

10.1 Data structures and arrays 140

10.2 Array definition and initialization 141

10.3 Array manipulation and memory access 142

10.4 Arrays as function parameters 144

10.5 Returning arrays and object arrays 145

10.6 const arrays 146

10.7 Matrices 146

10.8 Matrix storage and loop order 147

10.9 Matrices as function arguments 150

10.10 Assignments 150

11 Input and output streams 158

11.1 The iostream class and stream manipulators 158

11.2 File streams 161

11.3 The string class and string streams 163

11.4 The toString()class member 165

11.5 The printf function 167

11.6 Assignments 167

Part Ⅱ Numerical analysis 173

12 Numerical error analysis-derivatives 175

12.1 The derivative operator 175

12.2 Error dependence 177

12.3 Graphical error analysis 177

12.4 Analytic error analysis-higher-order methods 179

12.5 Extrapolation 179

12.6 The derivative calculator class 180

12.7 Assignments 182

13 Integration 183

13.1 Discretization procedures 183

13.2 Implementation 184

13.3 Discretization error 188

13.4 Assignments 189

14 Root-finding procedures 191

14.1 Bisection method 191

14.2 Newton's method 193

14.3 Assignments 194

15 Differential equations 196

15.1 Euler's method 196

15.2 Error analysis 198

15.3 The spring class 199

15.4 Assignments 201

16 Linear algebra 203

16.1 Linear equation solvers 203

16.2 Errors and condition numbers 206

16.3 Eigenvalues and iterative eigenvalue solvers 207

16.4 Assignments 209

Part Ⅲ Advanced object-oriented programming 215

17 References 217

17.1 Basic properties 217

17.2 References as function arguments 218

17.3 Reference member variables 219

17.4 const reference variables 220

17.5 Reference return values 221

17.6 Assignments 222

18 Pointers and dynamic memory allocation 227

18.1 Introduction to pointers 228

18.2 Initializing pointer variables 228

18.3 The address-of and dereferencing operators 229

18.4 Uninitialized pointer errors 230

18.5 NULL and void pointers 230

18.6 Dangling pointers 231

18.7 Pointers in function blocks 232

18.8 The const keyword and pointers 232

18.9 Pointer arithmetic 234

18.10 Pointers and arrays 234

18.11 Pointer comparisons 234

18.12 Pointers to pointers and matrices 235

18.13 String manipulation 235

18.14 Static and dynamic memory allocation 237

18.15 Memory leaks and dangling pointers 239

18.16 Dynamic memory allocation within functions 241

18.17 Dynamically allocated matrices 242

18.18 Dynamically allocated matrices as function arguments and parameters 243

18.19 Pointer data structures and linked lists 244

18.20 Assignments 248

19 Advanced memory management 261

19.1 The this pointer 261

19.2 The friend keyword 262

19.3 Operators 263

19.4 Destructors 265

19.5 Assignment operators 267

19.6 Copy constructors 269

19.7 Assignments 271

20 The static keyword,multiple and virtual inheritance,templates,and the STL library 286

20.1 Static variables 286

20.2 Static class members 287

20.3 Pointer to class members 288

20.4 Multiple inheritance 288

20.5 Virtual functions 289

20.6 Heterogeneous object collections and runtime type identification 291

20.7 Abstract base classes and interfaces 292

20.8 Virtual inheritance 293

20.9 User-defined conversions 294

20.10 Function templates 295

20.11 Templates and classes 296

20.12 The complex class 298

20.13 The standard template library 299

20.14 Structures and unions 303

20.15 Bit fields and operators 305

20.16 Assignments 306

21 Program optimization in C++ 319

21.1 Compiling 319

21.2 Critical code segments 319

21.3 Virtual functions 321

21.4 Function pointers and functors 326

21.5 Aliasing 327

21.6 High-performance template libraries 327

21.7 Assignments 329

Part Ⅳ Scientific programming examples 331

22 Monte Carlo methods 333

22.1 Monte Carlo integration 333

22.2 Monte Carlo evaluation of distribution functions 334

22.3 Importance sampling 339

22.4 The metropolis algorithm 343

22.5 Multicanonical methods 347

22.6 Assignments 352

23 Parabolic partial differential equation solvers 354

23.1 Partial differential equations in scientific applications 354

23.2 Direct solution methods 356

23.3 The Crank-Nicholson method 359

23.4 Assignments 363

Appendix A Overview of MATLAB 365

Appendix B The Borland C++ Compiler 371

B.1 Borland C++ installation 371

B.2 Compiling and running a first program 373

B.3 Installing the optional program editor 375

B.4 Using the Borland turbo debugger 377

B.5 Installing DISLIN 378

B.6 A first graphics program 379

B.7 The help system 380

Appendix C The Linux/Windows Command-Line C++ Compiler and Profiler 381

Appendix D Calling FORTRAN programs from C++ 384

Appendix E C++ coding standard 387

E.1 Program design language 387

E.2 Comments 388

E.3 Layout 388

E.4 Continuation lines 389

E.5 Constants and literals 389

E.6 Variables and definitions 389

E.7 Functions 390

E.8 Operators 390

E.9 Classes 390

E.10 Typedefs 391

E.11 Macros 391

E.12 Templates 391

E.13 Control structures 391

References and further reading 393

Index 398