ORALCE PL/SQL编程 影印版 第6版 上 英文PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ．Programming in PL/SQL 3

1．Introduction to PL/SQL 3

What Is PL/SQL? 3

The Origins of PL/SQL 4

The Early Years of PL/SQL 4

Improved Application Portability 5

Improved Execution Authority and Transaction Integrity 5

Humble Beginnings,Steady Improvement 6

So This Is PL/SQL 7

Integration with SQL 7

Control and Conditional Logic 8

When Things Go Wrong 9

About PL/SQL Versions 11

Oracle Database 12c New PL/SQL Features 12

Resources for PL/SQL Developers 14

The O'Reilly PL/SQL Series 15

PL/SQL on the Internet 16

Some Words of Advice 17

Don't Be in Such a Hurry! 17

Don't Be Afraid to Ask for Help 18

Take a Creative,Even Radical Approach 19

2．Creating and Running PL/SQL Code 21

Navigating the Database 21

Creating and Editing Source Code 22

SQL＊Plus 23

Starting Up SQL＊Plus 24

Running a SQL Statement 26

Running a PL/SQL Program 27

Running a Script 29

What Is the"Current Directory"? 30

Other SQL＊Plus Tasks 31

Error Handling in SQL＊Plus 36

Why You Will Love and Hate SQL＊Plus 36

Performing Essential PL/SQL Tasks 37

Creating a Stored Program 37

Executing a Stored Program 41

Showing Stored Programs 41

Managing Grants and Synonyms for Stored Programs 42

Dropping a Stored Program 43

Hiding the Source Code of a Stored Program 44

Editing Environments for PL/SQL 44

Calling PL/SQL from Other Languages 45

C:Using Oracle's Precompiler(Pro＊C) 46

Java:Using JDBC 47

Perl:Using Perl DBI and DBD::Oracle 48

PHP:Using Oracle Extensions 49

PL/SQL Server Pages 51

And Where Else? 52

3．Language Fundamentals 53

PL/SQL Block Structure 53

Anonymous Blocks 55

Named Blocks 57

Nested Blocks 57

Scope 58

Qualify All References to Variables and Columns in SQL Statements 59

Visibility 62

The PL/SQL Character Set 65

Identifiers 67

Reserved Words 68

Whitespace and Keywords 70

Literals 70

NULLs 71

Embedding Single Quotes Inside a Literal String 72

Numeric Literals 73

Boolean Literals 74

The Semicolon Delimiter 74

Comments 75

Single-Line Comment Syntax 75

Multiline Comment Syntax 76

The PRAGMA Keyword 76

Labels 77

Part Ⅱ．PL/SQL Program Structure 83

4．Conditional and Sequential Control 83

IF Statements 83

The IF-THEN Combination 84

The IF-THEN-ELSE Combination 86

The IF-THEN-ELSIF Combination 87

Avoiding IF Syntax Gotchas 89

Nested IF Statements 90

Short-Circuit Evaluation 91

CASE Statements and Expressions 93

Simple CASE Statements 93

Searched CASE Statements 95

Nested CASE Statements 98

CASE Expressions 98

The GOTO Statement 100

The NULL Statement 101

Improving Program Readability 101

Using NULL After a Label 102

5．Iterative Processing with Loops 105

Loop Basics 105

Examples of Different Loops 106

Structure of PL/SQL Loops 107

The Simple Loop 108

Terminating a Simple Loop:EXIT and EXIT WHEN 109

Emulating a REPEAT UNTIL Loop 110

The Intentionally Infinite Loop 111

The WHILE Loop 112

The Numeric FOR Loop 114

Rules for Numeric FOR Loops 114

Examples of Numeric FOR Loops 115

Handling Nontrivial Increments 116

The Cursor FOR Loop 117

Example of Cursor FOR Loops 118

Loop Labels 119

The CONTINUE Statement 120

Tips for Iterative Processing 123

Use Understandable Names for Loop Indexes 123

The Proper Way to Say Goodbye 124

Obtaining Information About FOR Loop Execution 126

SQL Statement as Loop 126

6．Exception Handlers 129

Exception-Handling Concepts and Terminology 129

Defining Exceptions 132

Declaring Named Exceptions 132

Associating Exception Names with Error Codes 133

About Named System Exceptions 136

Scope of an Exception 139

Raising Exceptions 140

The RAISE Statement 140

Using RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR 141

Handling Exceptions 143

Built-in Error Functions 144

Combining Multiple Exceptions in a Single Handler 149

Unhandled Exceptions 149

Propagation of Unhandled Exceptions 150

Continuing Past Exceptions 153

Writing WHEN OTHERS Handling Code 155

Building an Effective Error Management Architecture 157

Decide on Your Error Management Strategy 158

Standardize Handling of Different Types of Exceptions 159

Organize Use of Application-Specific Error Codes 162

Use Standardized Error Management Programs 163

Work with Your Own Exception"Objects" 165

Create Standard Templates for Common Error Handling 167

Making the Most of PL/SQL Error Management 169

Part Ⅲ．PL/SQL Program Data 173

7．Working with Program Data 173

Naming Your Program Data 173

Overview of PL/SQL Datatypes 175

Character Data 176

Numbers 177

Dates,Timestamps,and Intervals 178

Booleans 178

Binary Data 179

ROWIDs 179

REF CURSORs 179

Internet Datatypes 180

"Any"Datatypes 180

User-Defined Datatypes 181

Declaring Program Data 181

Declaring a Variable 181

Declaring Constants 182

The NOT NULL Clause 183

Anchored Declarations 183

Anchoring to Cursors and Tables 185

Benefits of Anchored Declarations 186

Anchoring to NOT NULL Datatypes 188

Programmer-Defined Subtypes 188

Conversion Between Datatypes 189

Implicit Data Conversion 189

Explicit Datatype Conversion 192

8．Strings 199

String Datatypes 199

The VARCHAR2 Datatype 200

The CHAR Datatype 201

String Subtypes 202

Working with Strings 203

Specifying String Constants 203

Using Nonprintable Characters 205

Concatenating Strings 206

Dealing with Case 207

Traditional Searching,Extracting,and Replacing 210

Padding 213

Trimming 215

Regular Expression Searching,Extracting,and Replacing 216

Working with Empty Strings 227

Mixing CHAR and VARCHAR2 Values 229

String Function Quick Reference 231

9．Numbers 241

Numeric Datatypes 241

The NUMBER Type 242

The PLS_INTEGER Type 247

The BINARY_INTEGER Type 248

The SIMPLE_INTEGER Type 249

The BINARY_FLOAT and BINARY_DOUBLE Types 251

The SIMPLE_FLOAT and SIMPLE_DOUBLE Types 256

Numeric Subtypes 256

Number Conversions 257

The TO_NUMBER Function 258

The TO_CHAR Function 261

The CAST Function 267

Implicit Conversions 268

Numeric Operators 270

Numeric Functions 271

Rounding and Truncation Functions 271

Trigonometric Functions 272

Numeric Function Quick Reference 272

10．Dates and Timestamps 277

Datetime Datatypes 278

Declaring Datetime Variables 280

Choosing a Datetime Datatype 281

Getting the Current Date and Time 282

Interval Datatypes 284

Declaring INTERVAL Variables 286

When to Use INTERVALs 287

Datetime Conversions 289

From Strings to Datetimes 289

From Datetimes to Strings 292

Working with Time Zones 295

Requiring a Format Mask to Match Exactly 298

Easing Up on Exact Matches 299

Interpreting Two-Digit Years in a Sliding Window 299

Converting Time Zones to Character Strings 301

Padding Output with Fill Mode 302

Date and Timestamp Literals 302

Interval Conversions 304

Converting from Numbers to Intervals 304

Converting Strings to Intervals 305

Formatting Intervals for Display 306

Interval Literals 307

CAST and EXTRACT 308

The CAST Function 308

The EXTRACT Function 310

Datetime Arithmetic 311

Date Arithmetic with Intervals and Datetimes 311

Date Arithmetic with DATE Datatypes 312

Computing the Interval Between Two Datetimes 313

Mixing DATEs and TIMESTAMPs 316

Adding and Subtracting Intervals 317

Multiplying and Dividing Intervals 317

Using Unconstrained INTERVAL Types 318

Date/Time Function Quick Reference 319

11．Records 323

Records in PL/SQL 323

Benefits of Using Records 324

Declaring Records 326

Programmer-Defined Records 327

Working with Records 330

Comparing Records 337

Trigger Pseudorecords 338

12．Collections 341

Collections Overview 342

Collections Concepts and Terminology 343

Types of Collections 345

Collection Examples 345

Where You Can Use Collections 349

Choosing a Collection Type 354

Collection Methods(Built-ins) 356

The COUNT Method 357

The DELETE Method 358

The EXISTS Method 359

The EXTEND Method 360

The FIRST and LAST Methods 361

The LIMIT Method 362

The PRIOR and NEXT Methods 362

The TRIM Method 363

Working with Collections 365

Declaring Collection Types 365

Declaring and Initializing Collection Variables 369

Populating Collections with Data 374

Accessing Data Inside a Collection 379

Using String-Indexed Collections 380

Collections of Complex Datatypes 385

Multilevel Collections 389

Working with Collections in SQL 398

Nested Table Multiset Operations 406

Testing Equality and Membership of Nested Tables 408

Checking for Membership of an Element in a Nested Table 409

Performing High-Level Set Operations 409

Handling Duplicates in a Nested Table 411

Maintaining Schema-Level Collections 412

Necessary Privileges 412

Collections and the Data Dictionary 413

13．Miscellaneous Datatypes 415

The BOOLEAN Datatype 415

The RAW Datatype 417

The UROWID and ROWID Datatypes 417

Getting ROWIDs 418

Using ROWIDs 419

The LOB Datatypes 420

Working with LOBs 422

Understanding LOB Locators 423

Empty Versus NULL LOBs 425

Writing into a LOB 427

Reading from a LOB 430

BFILEs Are Different 431

SecureFiles Versus BasicFiles 436

Temporary LOBs 439

Native LOB Operations 442

LOB Conversion Functions 447

Predefined Object Types 447

The XMLType Type 448

The URI Types 451

The Any Types 453

Part Ⅳ．SQL in PL/SQL 461

14．DML and Transaction Management 461

DML in PL/SQL 462

A Quick Introduction to DML 462

Cursor Attributes for DML Operations 466

RETURNING Information from DML Statements 467

DML and Exception Handling 468

DML and Records 470

Transaction Management 473

The COMMIT Statement 474

The ROLLBACK Statement 474

The SAVEPOINT Statement 475

The SET TRANSACTION Statement 476

The LOCK TABLE Statement 476

Autonomous Transactions 477

Defining Autonomous Transactions 478

Rules and Restrictions on Autonomous Transactions 479

Transaction Visibility 480

When to Use Autonomous Transactions 481

Building an Autonomous Logging Mechanism 482

15．Data Retrieval 485

Cursor Basics 486

Some Data Retrieval Terms 487

Typical Query Operations 488

Introduction to Cursor Attributes 489

Referencing PL/SQL Variables in a Cursor 492

Choosing Between Explicit and Implicit Cursors 493

Working with Implicit Cursors 494

Implicit Cursor Examples 495

Error Handling with Implicit Cursors 496

Implicit SQL Cursor Attributes 498

Working with Explicit Cursors 500

Declaring Explicit Cursors 501

Opening Explicit Cursors 504

Fetching from Explicit Cursors 505

Column Aliases in Explicit Cursors 507

Closing Explicit Cursors 508

Explicit Cursor Attributes 510

Cursor Parameters 512

SELECT...FOR UPDATE 515

Releasing Locks with COMMIT 516

The WHERE CURRENT OF Clause 518

Cursor Variables and REF CURSORs 519

Why Use Cursor Variables? 520

Similarities to Static Cursors 521

Declaring REF CURSOR Types 521

Declaring Cursor Variables 522

Opening Cursor Variables 523

Fetching from Cursor Variables 524

Rules for Cursor Variables 527

Passing Cursor Variables as Arguments 530

Cursor Variable Restrictions 532

Cursor Expressions 533

Using Cursor Expressions 534

Restrictions on Cursor Expressions 536

16．Dynamic SQL and Dynamic PL/SQL 537

NDS Statements 538

The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement 538

The OPEN FOR Statement 543

About the Four Dynamic SQL Methods 548

Binding Variables 550

Argument Modes 551

Duplicate Placeholders 553

Passing NULL Values 554

Working with Objects and Collections 555

Dynamic PL/SQL 557

Build Dynamic PL/SQL Blocks 558

Replace Repetitive Code with Dynamic Blocks 560

Recommendations for NDS 561

Use Invoker Rights for Shared Programs 561

Anticipate and Handle Dynamic Errors 562

Use Binding Rather than Concatenation 564

Minimize the Dangers of Code Injection 566

When to Use DBMS_SQL 569

Obtain Information About Query Columns 569

Meeting Method 4 Dynamic SQL Requirements 571

Minimizing Parsing of Dynamic Cursors 578

Oracle Database 11g New Dynamic SQL Features 579

Enhanced Security for DBMS_SQL 584

Part Ⅴ．PL/SQL Application Construction 591

17．Procedures,Functions,and Parameters 591

Modular Code 592

Procedures 593

Calling a Procedure 596

The Procedure Header 596

The Procedure Body 596

The END Label 597

The RETURN Statement 597

Functions 597

Structure of a Function 598

The RETURN Datatype 601

The END Label 602

Calling a Function 603

Functions Without Parameters 604

The Function Header 604

The Function Body 605

The RETURN Statement 605

Parameters 607

Defining Parameters 608

Actual and Formal Parameters 608

Parameter Modes 609

Explicit Association of Actual and Formal Parameters in PL/SQL 613

The NOCOPY Parameter Mode Qualifier 617

Default Values 618

Local or Nested Modules 619

Benefits of Local Modularization 620

Scope of Local Modules 623

Sprucing Up Your Code with Nested Subprograms 623

Subprogram Overloading 624

Benefits of Overloading 625

Restrictions on Overloading 628

Overloading with Numeric Types 629

Forward Declarations 630

Advanced Topics 631

Calling Your Function from Inside SQL 631

Table Functions 637

Deterministic Functions 647

Implicit Cursor Results(Oracle Database 12c) 649

Go Forth and Modularize! 650

18．Packages 651

Why Packages? 651

Demonstrating the Power of the Package 652

Some Package-Related Concepts 655

Diagramming Privacy 657

Rules for Building Packages 658

The Package Specification 658

The Package Body 660

Initializing Packages 662

Rules for Calling Packaged Elements 666

Working with Package Data 667

Global Within a Single Oracle Session 668

Global Public Data 669

Packaged Cursors 669

Serializable Packages 674

When to Use Packages 677

Encapsulate Data Access 677

Avoid Hardcoding Literals 680

Improve Usability of Built-in Features 683

Group Together Logically Related Functionality 683

Cache Static Session Data 684

Packages and Object Types 685

19．Triggers 687

DML Triggers 688

DML Trigger Concepts 689

Creating a DML Trigger 691

DML Trigger Example:No Cheating Allowed! 696

Multiple Triggers of the Same Type 702

Who Follows Whom 703

Mutating Table Errors 705

Compound Triggers:Putting It All in One Place 706

DDL Triggers 710

Creating a DDL Trigger 710

Available Events 713

Available Attributes 713

Working with Events and Attributes 715

Dropping the Undroppable 718

The INSTEAD OF CREATE Trigger 719

Database Event Triggers 720

Creating a Database Event Trigger 721

The STARTUP Trigger 722

The SHUTDOWN Trigger 723

The LOGON Trigger 723

The LOGOFF Trigger 723

The SERVERERROR Trigger 724

INSTEAD OF Triggers 728

Creating an INSTEAD OF Trigger 728

The INSTEAD OF INSERT Trigger 730

The INSTEAD OF UPDATE Trigger 732

The INSTEAD OF DELETE Trigger 733

Populating the Tables 733

INSTEAD OF Triggers on Nested Tables 734

AFTER SUSPEND Triggers 736

Setting Up for the AFTER SUSPEND Trigger 736

Looking at the Actual Trigger 738

The ORA_SPACE_ERROR_INFO Function 739

The DBMS_RESUMABLE Package 740

Trapped Multiple Times 742

To Fix or Not to Fix? 743

Maintaining Triggers 743

Disabling,Enabling,and Dropping Triggers 743

Creating Disabled Triggers 744

Viewing Triggers 745

Checking the Validity of Triggers 746

20．Managing PL/SQL Code 749

Managing Code in the Database 750

Overview of Data Dictionary Views 751

Display Information About Stored Objects 753

Display and Search Source Code 753

Use Program Size to Determine Pinning Requirements 755

Obtain Properties of Stored Code 756

Analyze and Modify Trigger State Through Views 757

Analyze Argument Information 758

Analyze Identifier Usage(Oracle Database 11g's PL/Scope) 759

Managing Dependencies and Recompiling Code 762

Analyzing Dependencies with Data Dictionary Views 763

Fine-Grained Dependency(Oracle Database 11g) 767

Remote Dependencies 769

Limitations of Oracle's Remote Invocation Model 772

Recompiling Invalid Program Units 773

Compile-Time Warnings 777

A Quick Example 777

Enabling Compile-Time Warnings 778

Some Handy Warnings 780

Testing PL/SQL Programs 788

Typical,Tawdry Testing Techniques 789

General Advice for Testing PL/SQL Code 793

Automated Testing Options for PL/SQL 794

Tracing PL/SQL Execution 795

DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_CALL_STACK 796

UTL_CALL_STACK(Oracle Database 12c) 798

DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO 801

Tracing with opp_trace 803

The DBMS_TRACE Facility 804

Debugging PL/SQL Programs 808

The Wrong Way to Debug 809

Debugging Tips and Strategies 811

Using Whitelisting to Control Access to Program Units 816

Protecting Stored Code 818

Restrictions on and Limitations of Wrapping 818

Using the Wrap Executable 819

Dynamic Wrapping with DBMS_DDL 819

Guidelines for Working with Wrapped Code 821

Introduction to Edition-Based Redefinition(Oracle Database 11g Release 2) 821

21．Optimizing PL/SQL Performance 825

Tools to Assist in Optimization 827

Analyzing Memory Usage 827

Identifying Bottlenecks in PL/SQL Code 827

Calculating Elapsed Time 833

Choosing the Fastest Program 834

Avoiding Infinite Loops 836

Performance-Related Warnings 837

The Optimizing Compiler 838

Insights on How the Optimizer Works 840

Runtime Optimization of Fetch Loops 843

Data Caching Techniques 844

Package-Based Caching 845

Deterministic Function Caching 850

THe Function Result Cache(Oracle Database 11g) 852

Caching Summary 868

Bulk Processing for Repeated SQL Statement Execution 869

High-Speed Querying with BULK COLLECT 870

High-Speed DML with FORALL 877

Improving Performance with Pipelined Table Functions 888

Replacing Row-Based Inserts with Pipelined Function-Based Loads 889

Tuning Merge Operations with Pipelined Functions 896

Asynchronous Data Unloading with Parallel Pipelined Functions 898

Performance Implications of Partitioning and Streaming Clauses in Parallel Pipelined Functions 902

Pipelined Functions and the Cost-Based Optimizer 903

Tuning Complex Data Loads with Pipelined Functions 909

A Final Word on Pipelined Functions 916

Specialized Optimization Techniques 917

Using the NOCOPY Parameter Mode Hint 917

Using the Right Datatype 921

Optimizing Function Performance in SQL(12.1 and higher) 922

Stepping Back for the Big Picture on Performance 923

22．I/O and PL/SQL 925

Displaying Information 925

Enabling DBMS_OUTPUT 926

Write Lines to the Buffer 926

Read the Contents of the Buffer 927

Reading and Writing Files 929

The UTL_FILE_DIR Parameter 929

Working with Oracle Directories 931

Open Files 932

Is the File Already Open? 934

Close Files 934

Read from Files 935

Write to Files 938

Copy Files 941

Delete Files 942

Rename and Move Files 943

Retrieve File Attributes 943

Sending Email 944

Oracle Prerequisites 945

Configuring Network Security 946

Send a Short(32,767 Bytes or Less)Plain-Text Message 947

Include"Friendly"Names in Email Addresses 948

Send a Plain-Text Message of Arbitrary Length 950

Send a Message with a Short(32,767 Bytes or Less)Attachment 951

Send a Small File(32,767 Bytes or Less)as an Attachment 953

Attach a File of Arbitrary Size 953

Working with Web-Based Data(HTTP) 956

Retrieve a Web Page in"Pieces" 956

Retrieve a Web Page into a LOB 958

Authenticate Using HTTP Username/Password 959

Retrieve an SSL-Encrypted Web Page(via HTTPS) 960

Submit Data to a Web Page via GET or POST 961

Disable Cookies or Make Cookies Persistent 965

Retrieve Data from an FTP Server 966

Use a Proxy Server 966

Other Types of I/O Available in PL/SQL 967

Database Pipes,Queues,and Alerts 967

TCP Sockets 968

Oracle's Built-in Web Server 968

Part Ⅵ．Advanced PL/SQL Topics 971

23．Application Security and PL/SQL 971

Security Overview 971

Encryption 973

Key Length 974

Algorithms 975

Padding and Chaining 977

The DBMS_CRYPTO Package 977

Encrypting Data 979

Encrypting LOBs 982

SecureFiles 982

Decrypting Data 983

Performing Key Generation 984

Performing Key Management 985

Cryptographic Hashing 991

Using Message Authentication Codes 993

Using Transparent Data Encryption 994

Transparent Tablespace Encryption 997

Row-Level Security 999

Why Learn About RLS? 1002

A Simple RLS Example 1003

Static Versus Dynamic Policies 1007

Using Column-Sensitive RLS 1012

RLS Debugging 1015

Application Contexts 1019

Using Application Contexts 1020

Security in Contexts 1022

Contexts as Predicates in RLS 1022

Identifying Nondatabase Users 1026

Fine-Grained Auditing 1028

Why Learn About FGA? 1029

A Simple FGA Example 1030

Access How Many Columns? 1032

Checking the Audit Trail 1033

Using Bind Variables 1035

Using Handler Modules 1036

24．PL/SQL Architecture 1039

DIANA 1039

How Oracle Executes PL/SQL Code 1040

An Example 1041

Compiler Limits 1044

The Default Packages of PL/SQL 1045

Execution Authority Models 1048

The Definer Rights Model 1049

The Invoker Rights Model 1054

Combining Rights Models 1056

Granting Roles to PL/SQL Program Units(Oracle Database 12c) 1057

"Who Invoked Me?"Functions(Oracle Database 12c) 1060

BEQUEATH CURRENT_USER for Views(Oracle Database 12c) 1061

Constraining Invoker Rights Privileges(Oracle Database 12c) 1063

Conditional Compilation 1064

Examples of Conditional Compilation 1065

The Inquiry Directive 1066

The ＄IF Directive 1070

The ＄ERROR Directive 1072

Synchronizing Code with Packaged Constants 1072

Program-Specific Settings with Inquiry Directives 1073

Working with Postprocessed Code 1074

PL/SQL and Database Instance Memory 1076

The SGA,PGA,and UGA 1076

Cursors,Memory,and More 1077

Tips on Reducing Memory Use 1079

What to Do If You Run Out of Memory 1090

Native Compilation 1093

When to Run in Interpreted Mode 1094

When to Go Native 1094

Native Compilation and Database Release 1094

What You Need to Know 1095

25．Globalization and Localization in PL/SQL 1097

Overview and Terminology 1099

Unicode Primer 1100

National Character Set Datatypes 1102

Character Encoding 1102

Globalization Support Parameters 1104

Unicode Functions 1105

Character Semantics 1111

String Sort Order 1115

Binary Sort 1116

Monolingual Sort 1117

Multilingual Sort 1119

Multilingual Information Retrieval 1120

IR and PL/SQL 1123

Date/Time 1126

Timestamp Datatypes 1126

Date/Time Formatting 1127

Currency Conversion 1131

Globalization Development Kit for PL/SQL 1133

UTL_118N Utility Package 1133

UTL_LMS Error-Handling Package 1136

GDK Implementation Options 1137

26．Object-Oriented Aspects of PL/SQL 1141

Introduction to Oracle's Object Features 1142

Object Types by Example 1144

Creating a Base Type 1144

Creating a Subtype 1146

Methods 1147

Invoking Supertype Methods in Oracle Database 11g and Later 1152

Storing,Retrieving,and Using Persistent Objects 1154

Evolution and Creation 1162

Back to Pointers? 1164

Generic Data:The ANY Types 1171

I Can Do It Myself 1176

Comparing Objects 1179

Object Views 1184

A Sample Relational System 1186

Object View with a Collection Attribute 1188

Object Subview 1191

Object View with Inverse Relationship 1192

INSTEAD OF Triggers 1193

Differences Between Object Views and Object Tables 1196

Maintaining Object Types and Object Views 1197

Data Dictionary 1197

Privileges 1199

Concluding Thoughts from a(Mostly) Relational Developer 1201

27．Calling Java from PL/SQL 1205

Oracle and Java 1205

Getting Ready to Use Java in Oracle 1207

Installing Java 1207

Building and Compiling Your Java Code 1208

Setting Permissions for Java Development and Execution 1209

A Simple Demonstration 1212

Finding the Java Functionality 1212

Building a Custom Java Class 1213

Compiling and Loading into Oracle 1215

Building a PL/SQL Wrapper 1217

Deleting Files from PL/SQL 1217

Using loadjava 1218

Using dropjava 1221

Managing Java in the Database 1221

The Java Namespace in Oracle 1221

Examining Loaded Java Elements 1222

Using DBMS_JAVA 1223

LONGNAME:Converting Java Long Names 1223

GET_,SET_,and RESET_COMPILER_OPTION:Getting and Setting(a Few)Compiler Options 1224

SET_OUTPUT:Enabling Output from Java 1225

EXPORT_SOURCE,EXPORT_RESOURCE,and EXPORT_CLASS:Exporting Schema Objects 1226

Publishing and Using Java in PL/SQL 1228

Call Specs 1228

Some Rules for Call Specs 1229

Mapping Datatypes 1230

Calling a Java Method in SQL 1232

Exception Handling with Java 1232

Extending File I/O Capabilities 1236

Other Examples 1240

28．External Procedures 1243

Introduction to External Procedures 1244

Example: Invoking an Operating System Command 1244

Architecture of External Procedures 1246

Oracle Net Configuration 1248

Specifying the Listener Configuration 1248

Security Characteristics of the Configuration 1251

Setting Up Multithreaded Mode 1252

Creating an Oracle Library 1254

Writing the Call Specification 1256

The Call Spec:Overall Syntax 1257

Parameter Mapping:The Example Revisited 1258

Parameter Mapping:The Full Story 1260

More Syntax:The PARAMETERS Clause 1262

PARAMETERS Properties 1263

Raising an Exception from the Called C Program 1266

Nondefault Agents 1269

Maintaining External Procedures 1272

Dropping Libraries 1272

Data Dictionary 1272

Rules and Warnings 1273

A．Regular Expression Metacharacters and Function Parameters 1275

B．Number Format Models 1281

C．Date Format Models 1285

Index 1291