新编实用英语语音学PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Introduction 1

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Why should we learn English phonetics？ 1

1.2 Problems about pronunciation 2

1.3 Phonemes and phonetic transcription 4

Chapter 2 Organs of Speech and Classification of Speech Sounds 8

2.1 Organs of speech 8

2.2 Classification of speech sounds 11

Part Ⅱ English Phonemes 14

Chapter 3 English Vowel Phonemes 14

3.1 The cardinal vowels 14

3.2 Monophthongs and diphthongs 16

3.3 English monophthongs 17

Chapter 4 English Diphthongs 49

4.1 The closing diphthongs 49

4.2 The centring diphthongs 61

Chapter 5 English Consonants（Ⅰ）：Plosives 68

5.1 Classification of consonants 68

5.2 Plosives 71

Chapter 6 English Consonants（Ⅱ）：Fricatives and Affricates 82

6.1 Fricatives 82

6.2 Affricates 94

Chapter 7 English Consonants（Ⅲ）：Nasals,Lateral and Approximants 98

7.1 Nasals 98

7.2 Lateral/l/ 104

7.3 Approximants 106

Chapter 8 The English Syllables and Consonant Clusters 114

8.1 What is a syllable？ 114

8.2 The English syllable 114

8.3 How to read consonant clusters correctly？ 115

Part Ⅲ Aspects in Connected Speech 122

Chapter 9 Word Stress 122

9.1 What makes a syllable prominent？ 122

9.2 Levels of stress 123

9.3 Stress patterns of simple words 123

9.4 Word-class pairs 128

9.5 Stress of compound words 129

Chapter 10 Sentence Stress 133

10.1 Sentence stress and its functions 133

10.2 Which words are usually stressed？ 134

10.3 Stress for contrast or special emphasis 137

10.4 In special cases,content words are unstressed 138

10.5 Function words may be stressed in certain cases 142

Chapter 11 Weak Forms 148

11.1 Weak forms—normal forms 148

11.2 Weak forms of words differ from their strong ones 149

11.3 How are the weak forms used？ 150

11.4 The use of strong forms 157

Chapter 12 Rhythm in English Speech 161

12.1 Rhythm in English speech 161

12.2 Rhythm units（or stress groups） 161

12.3 English has a stress-timed rhythm 163

12.4 Rhythm and vowel reduction 165

12.5 Influence of rhythm upon word-stress 165

12.6 The influence of rhythm on sentence-stress 166

12.7 Summary 167

Chapter 13 Liaison（or linking） 174

13.1 Linking the final consonant to the initial vowel 174

13.2 Linking a final/r/to initial vowels 177

13.3 Linking final vowels to initial vowels 179

Chapter 14 Assimilation 184

14.1 What is assimilation？ 184

14.2 Direction of assimilation 184

14.3 Assimilations which frequently take place in spoken English 185

Chapter 15 Elision and Contraction 192

15.1 Types of elisions 192

15.2 Elisions frequently taking place in rapid speaking 192

15.3 Common contractions 194

15.4 Negative contractions 195

Part Ⅳ English Intonation 198

Chapter 16 Tone Unit and the Tonic Stress 198

16.1 The sense group and tone group 198

16.2 Tone-unit and tonic stress 200

16.3 The position of the tonic stress 201

16.4 Changes in focus：New information 203

Chapter 17 The Structure of Tone Unit 208

17.1 What is intonation？ 208

17.2 The Structure of the intonation-unit 208

17.3 Reading the intonation marks 210

Chapter 18 The Uses of the Tones（Ⅰ） 216

18.1 The falling tone 216

18.2 The rising tone 218

Chapter 19 The Uses of the Tones（Ⅱ） 227

19.1 The falling-rising tone 227

Chapter 20 Miscellaneous Patterns 236

20.1 The accidental rise 236

20.2 Intonation of compound sentences 236

20.3 Intonation of appositives 237

20.4 Intonation of the parenthesis 238

20.5 Intonation of reporting phrases 239

20.6 Intonation of the complex sentence containing an object clause 241

20.7 Intonation of attributive clauses 241

Chapter 21 Functions of Intonation 244

21.1 The function of organizing information 244

21.2 The attitudinal function 244

21.3 The communicative function 244

21.4 The grammatical function 248

Appendix 1 Suggested Key to the Exercises 255

Appendix 2 General Terms of English Phonetics 270

Appendix 3 Pronunciation of American English 276

Appendix 4 Intonation of American English 281

Bibliography 286