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循证医学术语中英文对照及释义
循证医学术语中英文对照及释义

循证医学术语中英文对照及释义PDF电子书下载

医药卫生

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  • 作 者:刘建平编著
  • 出 版 社:北京:学苑出版社
  • 出版年份:2011
  • ISBN:9787507737424
  • 页数:228 页
图书介绍:本书提供综合、全面的循证医学术语的中英文对照及中文概念解释,涉及循证医学及其相关基础学科,这些术语及其解释不仅来自于国外专业书籍、权威循证医学相关网站,具有权威性和综合性。本书是编者在长期循证医学和临床流行病学的教学、科研过程中逐渐积累的成果,具有很强的实践性,对术语的翻译准确、解释浅显易懂。
《循证医学术语中英文对照及释义》目录

a priori:预先 1

ABI:绝对获益增加(见absolute benefit increase) 1

absolute benefit increase(ABI):绝对获益增加 1

absolute risk(AR):净危险性/事件发生率/绝对危险度 1

absolute risk increase(ARI):绝对危险性增高 1

absolute risk reduction(ARR):绝对危险性降低 1

abstract:摘要 2

accreditation:认证 2

accuracy:准确性 2

ACP Journal Club:美国内科医师学院杂志俱乐部 2

active surveillance:主动监测 3

additive model:添加模型 3

adjusted analysis:校正分析 3

adminors:电邮讨论组管理者名单 3

admission rate bias(Berkson bias):入院率偏倚(伯克森偏倚) 3

adverse drug reaction:药物不良反应 4

adverse effect:副作用 4

adverse event:不良事件 4

adverse reaction:不良反应(见adverse event) 4

advocacy and support groups:鼓励及支持组织 4

aggregate data:聚集数据 4

aggregation bias:群体偏倚/聚集偏倚(见ecological fallacy) 4

allocation bias:分配偏倚 4

allocation concealment:分配隐藏 5

allopathic medicine(AM):对抗疗法 5

alternative hypothesis:备择假设(见hypothesis) 5

analytic study:分析性研究 5

anecdote:个案报道(见case report) 5

applicability(external validity,generalizability):可应用性(外部真实性,外延性、推广应用性) 5

approved drugs:批准药物 6

AR:归因危险度(见attributive risk) 6

AR:净危险性/事件发生率/绝对危险度(见absolute risk) 6

arbiter,funding:赞助仲裁者(见funding arbiter) 6

arbiter,publication:出版仲裁者(见publication arbiter) 6

archive:归档 6

area under the curve(AUC):ROC曲线下面积 6

arithmetic mean:算数平均数(见mean) 7

ARI:绝对危险性增高(见absolute risk increase) 7

arm:臂 7

ARR:绝对危险性降低(见absolute risk reduction) 7

ascertainment bias:测量偏倚(见measurement bias) 7

assembly bias:集中性偏倚 7

assessment of study quality:评价文献质量 7

association(correlation):联系 8

attack rate:罹患率 8

attributive risk(AR):归因危险度 8

attrition(loss to follow up,dropout):失访 8

attrition bias:随访偏倚 8

AUC:ROC曲线下面积(见area under the curve) 9

average:平均 9

background questions:背景问题 10

baseline:基线 10

baseline characteristics:基线特征 10

baseline risk(BR):基线危险度 11

Bayesian analysis:贝叶斯分析(见Bayes' theorem) 12

Bayes' theorem:贝叶斯定理 11

before-after study in different patients:不同病例前后对照研究 12

before-after study in the same individuals:自身前后对照研究 12

before-after study:前后对照研究 12

benefience:有利原则 13

benefit:获益 13

Berkson bias:伯克森偏倚(见admission rate bias) 13

best evidence:最佳证据 13

bias:偏倚 14

bias prevention:偏倚预防 14

bibliographic databases:题录数据库 14

bibliographic software:题录软件 14

binary data:二分类资料(见dichotomous data) 14

binomial distribution:二项分布 14

BioMed Central(BMC):生物医学中心期刊库 15

blank control:空白对照 15

blind trial:盲法研究 15

blinding(masking):盲法 15

block randomization:区组随机化 16

Boolean operator:布尔运算符 16

bootstrapping:自抽样法 16

Breslow-Day test:B-D检验 17

burden of illness:疾病负担 17

CAM:补充替代医学(见complementary and alternative medicine) 18

care pathways:医疗路径(见integrated care pathways) 18

carry over:延后 18

case-case study:病例病例研究 18

case-cohort study:病例队列研究 18

case-control study:病例对照研究 18

case-crossover design:病例交叉设计 19

case-fatality rate:病死率 19

case-parental control study:病例父母对照研究 19

case report(anecdote):病例报告(个案报道) 19

case series:病例系列研究 20

case-specific mortality:死因别死亡率 20

case survey:案例调查 20

categorical data:分类资料 20

CATs(critically appraised topics):严格评价题目 21

causal effect:因果效应 21

CBA:成本效益分析(见cost-benefit analysis) 21

CBCT:社区临床试验(见community-based clinical trial) 21

CBM:中国生物医学文献数据库(见Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) 21

CCAG:Cochrane中央顾问组(见Cochrane Central Advisory Group) 21

CCN:Cochrane用户网络(见Cochrane Consumer Network) 21

CCRCT:Cochrane对照试验注册中心(见Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) 21

CCSG:Cochrane协作网指导委员会(见Cochrane Collaboration Steering Group) 22

CCTR(Cochrane Clinical Trials Registu):Cochrane临床试验注册资料库(见CENTRAL) 22

CDMR:Cochrane方法学评价库(见Cochrane Database of Methodology Review) 22

CDSR:Cochrane系统评价资料库(见Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) 22

C/E:成本效果比(见cost/effectiveness) 22

CEA:成本效果分析(见cost-effectiveness analysis) 22

censored data:截尾数据 22

census:普查 22

CENTRAL:Cochrane临床试验注册资料库(见Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) 23

centripetal bias:集中性偏倚 22

CER:对照组事件率(见control event rate) 23

CEYLL:队列减寿年数(见cohort expected years of life lost) 23

chance node:机会结 23

chance:机遇 23

Chi-square test(χ2-test):卡方检验 23

CHINACLEN(China Clinical Epidemiology Network):中国临床流行病学网 23

Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM):中国生物医学文献数据库 23

Chinese Evidence Based Medicine/Cochrane Centre Database,CEBM/CCD:中国循证医学/Cochrane中心数据库 24

CI(confidence interval):可信区间 24

CINAHL(Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature):护理与整体健康关联文献累积索引 24

citation bias:引用偏倚 24

CL:Cochrane图书馆(见Cochrane library) 25

class effect:分级效应(分类效应) 25

clinical:临床的 25

clinical audit:临床稽查 25

clinical course:临床病程 25

clinical database:临床资料库 26

clinical decision analisis:临床决策分析 26

clinical decision:临床决策 26

clinical economic evaluation:临床经济评价 26

clinical economics:临床经济学 26

clinical endpoint:临床终点(见endpoint) 26

clinical epidemiology:临床流行病学 26

clinical evidence:临床证据 27

clinical governance:临床管理 27

clinical guideline:临床指南(见clinical practice guideline) 28

clinical investigator:临床试验调查者 28

clinical passway:临床路径 28

clinical practice guideline(CPG):临床实践指南 28

clinical significance:临床显著性 28

clinical trial(therapeutic trial,intervention study):临床试验(治疗性试验、干预研究) 29

clinical trial register:临床试验资料库 29

clouded thinking:模糊思维 29

CLUG:Cochrane图书馆用户组(见Cochrane Library Users'Group) 30

cluster analysis:聚类分析 30

cluster randomised trial(group randomised trial):集团随机对照试验 30

cluster sampling:整群抽样 30

CMAG:评价管理咨询组(见Criticism Management Advisory Group) 30

CMA:成本最小化分析(见cost-minimization analysis) 30

CMD:Cochrane方法学数据库(见Cochrane Methodolog Database) 30

CMR:Cochrane协作网方法学文献注册数据库(见Cochrane Methodology Register) 30

CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure):中国知识基础设施工程 31

Cochrane Center:Cochrane中心 31

Cochrane Central Advisory Group(CCAG):Cochrane中央顾问组 32

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CCRCT/CENTRAL):Cochrane对照试验注册中心 32

Cochrane Centre for Reviews and Dissemination(CRD):Cochrane评价和传播中心 32

Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry(CCTR):Cochrane临床试验注册资料库(见Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) 34

Cochrane Collaboration:Cochrane协作网 32

Cochrane Collaboration Steering Group(CCSG):Cochrane协作网指导委员会 33

Cochrane Colloquia/Colloquium:Cochrane年会 33

Cochrane consumer network(CCN):Cochrane用户网络 34

Cochrane Database of Methodology Review(CDMR):Cochrane方法学评价库 34

Cochrane Database of Systematic Review(CDSR):Cochrane系统评价资料库 34

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions:Cochrane医疗干预系统评价手册 35

Cochrane Library(CL):Cochrane图书馆 35

Cochrane Library Users'Group(CLUG):Cochrane图书馆用户组 35

Cochrane Manual:Cochrane指南 35

Cochrane Methodology Database(CMD):Cocbrane方法学数据库 36

Cochrane Methodology Register(CMR):Cochrane协作网方法学文献注册数据库 36

Cochrane News:Cochrane信息 36

Cochrane review:Cochrane系统评价 36

Cochrane Review Methodology Database(CRMD):Cochrane系统评价方法学数据库(见Cochrane Methodology Register) 37

Cochrane Reviewers'Handbook:Cochrane系统评价手册(见Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions) 37

Cochrane Summary:Cochrane用户文摘 37

coefficient of variation:变异系数 37

cohort:队列 37

cohort expected years of life lost(CEYLL):队列减寿年数 37

cohort study:队列研究 38

cohort study in different population pool:不同群体队列研究 39

cohort study in same population pool:同群体队列研究 39

co-intervention:辅助干预 39

collaborative Review group(CRG):协作评价小组 39

collaborative Trialists'Group:协作试验者小组 39

colloquium Policy Advisory Group(CPAG):讨论会政策顾问组 40

commissioning brief:委托简况介绍 40

communication channel:信道 40

community diagnosis:社区诊断 40

community-based clinical trial(CBCT):社区临床试验 40

co-morbidity:伴随疾病 40

comparison group:比较组(见control group) 41

compassionate use:关怀性使用 41

complementary and alternative medicine(CAM):补充替代医学 41

complete analysis:完全资料分析 41

completed:完成状态(见recruitment status) 42

complex intervention:复杂性干预 41

compliance:依从性 41

concealment of allocation:分配隐藏(见allocation concealment) 42

conceptual mapping:概念作图 42

conceptual triangulation:概念三角互证法 42

conditional probability:条件概率 42

confidence interval:可信区间(见CI) 42

confidence limits:置信界限 42

confidentiality:保密 42

conflict of interest:利益冲突 43

confounded comparison:混杂比较 43

confounder:混杂因子(见confounding variable) 43

confounding:混杂 43

confounding bias:混杂偏倚(见confounding) 44

confounding by indication:指征混杂 44

confounding variable:混杂变量 44

Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials:随机对照临床试验报告规范(见CONSORT) 44

CONSORT(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials):随机对照临床试验报告规范 44

consumer advocate or representative:用户代表 45

contamination bias:沾染偏倚 45

contamination:沾染 45

content analysis:内容分析 45

context:情境,背景 45

contingency table:列联表 46

continuous variable:连续型变量 46

contraindication:禁忌证候 46

contributorship:贡献名单 46

control:对照 46

control event rate(CER):对照组事件率 46

control group:对照组 47

controlled clinical trials:对照临床试验 47

convenience sample:便利样本 47

conventional treatment:常规治疗 47

co-ordinating editor:评价组协调编辑 47

coordinator:协调员 48

Scorrelation coefficient:相关系数 48

correlation:联系(见association) 48

cost:成本 48

cost-benefit analysis(CBA):成本效益分析 48

cost/effectiveness(C/E):成本效果比 49

cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA):成本效果分析 49

cost-minimization analysis(CMA):成本最小化分析 49

cost-to-charge ratios:成本与支付比值 50

cost-utility analysis(CUA):成本效用分析 50

Cox model:Cox模型 50

CPAG:讨论会政策顾问组(见Colloquium Policy Advisory Group) 51

CPG:临床实践指南(见clinical practice guideline) 51

CRD:Cochrane评价和传播中心(见Cochrane Centre for Reviews and Dissemination) 51

CRG module:协作评价小组模块(见module) 51

CRG:协作评价小组(见Collaborative Review Group) 51

critical appraisal:严格评价 51

critical interpretive synthesis:持批判观点的解释性综述 51

critically appraised topics:严格评价题目(见CATs) 51

Criticism Management Advisory Group(CMAG):评价管理咨询组 51

CRMD:Cochrane系统评价方法学数据库(见Cochrane Methodology Register) 52

cross-sectional study:横断面研究 52

crossover study design:交叉研究设计 52

CUA:成本效用分析(见cost-utility analysis) 52

Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature:护理与整体健康关联文献累积索引(见CINAHL) 52

cumulative meta-analysis:累积性汇总分析 52

cure rate:治愈率 53

custom field:用户自定义字段 53

cutpoint:切点 53

DALY:伤残调整寿命年(见disability adjusted life year) 54

DARE:疗效评价文摘库(见Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) 54

data derived analyses:源于数据的分析(见unplanned analyses) 54

data dredging:数据挖取 54

Data Safety and Monitoring Board(DSMB):数据与安全监查委员会 54

database bias:文献库偏倚 54

Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects(DARE):疗效评价文摘库 55

database provider:数据库提供者 55

DDI:药物相互作用(见drug-drug interaction) 55

decision alternatives:被选决策方案 55

decision analysis:决策分析 55

decision modelling:决策建模 55

decision node:决策点 56

decision tree:决策树 56

degrees of belief:置信度 56

degrees of freedom:自由度 56

dependent variable:因变量 57

DerSimonian&Laird method:D-L法 57

descriptive statistics:统计描述 57

descriptive study:描述性研究 57

design effect:设计效应 57

detection bias:测量偏倚(见measurement bias) 57

detection signal bias(unmasking bias,exposure bias):检出征候偏倚(揭露伪装偏倚,暴露偏倚) 57

diagnosis:诊断 58

diagnostic access bias:诊断条件偏倚 58

diagnostic odds ratio:诊断性试验比值比 58

diagnostic suspicion bias:诊断怀疑偏倚 58

diagnostic threshold:诊断界限 58

diagnostic trials/test:诊断性试验 58

dichotomous data(binary data):计数资料(二分类资料) 59

differential verification bias:差异性确诊偏倚 59

direct cost:直接成本 59

disability adjusted life year(DALY):伤残调整寿命年 60

disability rate:致残率 60

discounting:贴现 60

disease-adjusted life years(DALYs):疾病调整生命年 60

distribution:分布 60

DME(design,measurement and evaluation):临床科研的设计、测量与评价 61

dose dependent:剂量依赖 61

dose-ranging study:剂量范围研究 61

dose-response relationship:剂量反应关系 61

double blinding:双盲法 61

double-blind study(double-masked study):双盲试验 62

double-masked study:双盲试验(见double-blind study) 62

dropout:失访(见attrition) 62

drug-drug interaction(DDI):药物相互作用 62

DSMB:数据与安全监查委员会(见Data Safety and Monitoring Board) 62

early detection:早期检测 63

EBM:循证医学(见Evidence-based medicine) 63

ecological bias:生态学偏倚(见ecological fallacy) 63

ecological fallacy:生态学谬误 63

ecological study:生态学研究 63

economic analysis(economic evaluation):经济学分析 64

economic evaluation:经济学分析(见economic analysis) 64

editor(of a Collaborative Review Group):协作评价小组编辑 64

editorial base:编辑部 64

Editorial Management Advisory Group(EMAG):编辑管理咨询组 64

editorial process:编辑过程 64

editorial team(of a Collaborative Review Group):协作网系统评价组的编辑组 65

EER:试验组事件率(见experimental event rate) 65

effect size:效应量 65

effectiveness:效果 65

efficacy:效力 65

EF:病因学分数(见etiologic fraction) 65

eligibility criteria:合格标准 65

EMAG:编辑管理咨询组(见Editorial Management Advisory Group) 66

Embase database:Embase数据库 66

empirical:基于观察研究经验的 66

endpoint:终点 66

english language bias:英语偏倚 66

enrolling:招募/招收 67

epidemiology:流行病学 67

equipoise:优势均衡 67

equivalence trial:等效性临床试验 67

error:误差 67

estimate of effect:疗效测定 68

ethics:伦理学 68

etiologic fraction(exposed attributable risk percent):病因学分数(暴露组归因危险度百分比) 68

evaluation of health status:健康状况评估 68

event rate:事件率 68

event:事件 68

Evidence-based health care:循证医疗保健 68

Evidence Based Medicine:循证医学杂志 69

Evidence-based management:循证管理 69

Evidence-based medicine(EBM):循证医学 69

Evidence-based practice:循证实践 70

evidence body:证据体 70

executive:执行者 70

expanded access:扩大获取 70

expected date(of a Cochrane Review):Cochrane系统综述的预期时间 70

experimental drug:试验药物 71

experimental event rate(EER):试验组事件率 71

experimental study:实验性研究 71

exploratory clinical trials:探索性临床试验 71

exposed attributable risk persent:暴露组归因危险度百分比(见etiologic fraction) 71

exposure:暴露 71

exposure bias:暴露偏倚(见detection signal bias) 72

exposure suspicion bias:暴露怀疑偏倚 72

external peer reviewing:外部同行评审 72

external validity(applicability,generalizability):外部真实性(可应用性,外延性、推广应用性)(见applicability) 72

F-test:F检验 73

factor analysis:因子分析 73

factorial design:析因设计 73

fail-safe N(Nfs):失安全数 73

false negative rate:假阴性率 74

false negative:假阴性 73

false positive rate:假阳性率 74

false positive:假阳性 74

fatality rate:病死率 74

FDA:美国食品和药物管理局(见Food and Drug Administration) 74

fixed effect model:固定效应模型 74

folk medicine:民间医学(见Traditional medicine) 75

follow-up:随访 75

Food and Drug Administration(FDA):美国食品和药物管理局 75

foreground questions:前景问题(见background questions) 75

forest plots:森林图 75

Franklin's Law:弗兰克林法则 76

free medical jouruals:免费医学全文期刊网站 76

free text:自由词 76

frequencies:频数 77

FTP(File Transfer Protocol):文件传输协议 77

funding arbiter:赞助仲裁者 77

funnel plot:倒漏斗图法 77

generalisability(applicability,external validity):外延性、推广应用性(可应用性,外部真实性)(见applicability) 78

genetic drug:非专利药品 78

geometric mean:几何均数 78

gold standard:金标准 78

grey literature:灰色文献 78

grounded theory:扎根理论 79

group randomised trial:集团随机对照试验(见cluster randomised trial) 79

HAG:工作手册咨询组(见Handbook Advisory Group) 80

Handbook Advisory Group(HAG):工作手册咨询组 80

Handbook:Cochrane医疗干预系统评价手册(见Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions) 80

handsearch:手工检索 80

harm:伤害 80

Hawthorne effect:霍桑效应 80

hazard rate:危险率 81

hazard ratio:危险比 81

health economics:卫生经济学 81

health-related quality of life(HRQL):健康相关生命质量 81

health technology:卫生技术 81

health technology assessment:卫生技术评估 82

heterogeneity:异质性 82

hierarchy of evidence:证据等级 82

historical and concurrent cohort study:历史-前瞻性队列研究(见cohort study) 82

historical cohort study:历史性队列研究(见cohort study) 82

historical control:历史对照 82

homogeneity test:同质性检验 83

homogeneity:同质性 83

HRQL:健康相关生命质量(见health-related quality of life) 83

HTA database:HTA数据库 83

human capital approach:人力资本法 83

hypothesis:假设 83

hypothesis testing:假设检验 84

I2:I2值 85

ICD:国际疾病分类(见international classification of disease) 85

ICER:增量成本效果比(见incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) 85

idea webbing:概念网络化 85

ignorance of risks:对风险的无知或忽略 85

illusion of certainty:确信的错觉(误信) 85

impact factor:影响因子 86

IMSG:信息管理系统组(见Information Management System Group) 86

inception cohort:起始队列 86

incidence rate:发病率 86

INCLEN(International Clinical Epidemiology Network):国际临床流行病学网 86

inclusion criteria bias:纳入标准偏倚 86

inclusion/exclusion criteria:纳入/排除标准 86

incorporation bias:合并偏倚 87

incremental analysis:增量分析 87

incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER):增量成本效果比 87

IND:研究性新药(见investigational new drug) 87

independence:独立性 87

independent group design:平行组试验(见parallel group trial) 88

independent variable:自变量 88

index medicus:医学索引(Medline为其电子版本) 88

index test:标签试验 88

indexing term(s):索引词 88

indigenous medicine:本土医学(见Traditional medicine) 88

indirect cost:间接成本 88

individual patient data meta-analysis:单个病例资料的meta分析 89

individual patient data:单个病例资料 89

inducemet bias:诱导偏倚 89

infection rate:感染率 89

inferential statistics:统计推断 90

information bias:信息偏倚 90

Information Management System Group(IMSG):信息管理系统组 90

informed consent document:知情同意书 90

informed consent:知情同意 90

innumeracy:数字盲 90

Institutional Review Board(IRB):机构审查委员会 91

intangible cost:隐性成本 91

integrated care pathway(ICP):整合医疗路径 91

intensive research design:单病例随机对照试验(见Number of 1 trial) 92

intention-to-treat analysis(ITT):意向性治疗分析 92

interaction:交互作用 92

interim analysis:期间分析 92

intermediary outcome:中间结局(见surrogate endpoints) 93

internal validity:内部真实性 93

international classification of disease(ICD):国际疾病分类 93

internet:因特网 93

inter-rater agreement:测量者间一致性 94

inter-rater reliability:测量者间可靠性 94

interrupted time series design:间断时间序列设计 94

intervention:干预 94

intervention group:干预组 95

intervention name:干预名称 95

intervention study:干预研究(见clinical trial) 95

interviewer bias:调查员偏倚 95

intra subject-replication design:单病例随机对照试验(见number of 1 trial) 95

inverse variance method:方差倒数法 95

investigational new drug:研究性新药 95

investigator triangulation:调查者三角互证法 95

IRB:机构审查委员会(见institutional review board) 96

ITT:意向性治疗分析(见intention-to-treat analysis) 96

Jadad scale:Jadad量表 97

Journal club:文献交流俱乐部 97

justice:公正原则 97

Kaplan-Meier method:Kaplan-Meier法 98

Kappa:Kappa值 98

keyword:关键词 98

knowledge transfer:知识转换 98

L'Abbé plot:L'Abbé图 99

language bias:语言偏倚 99

language restrictions:语言限制 99

Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS):拉丁美洲及加勒比海卫生科学文献资料库 99

lead time:领先时间 99

lead time bias:领先时间偏倚 100

length bias:病程长度偏倚 100

LHH:利弊比(见likelihood of being helped versus being harmed) 100

life expectancy:预期寿命 100

likelihood of being helped versus being harmed(LHH):利弊比 100

likelihood ratio(LR):似然比 101

LILACS:拉丁美洲及加勒比海卫生科学文献资料库(见Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) 101

linear scale:线性标尺 101

literature bias:文献偏倚 101

literature searching:医学文献检索 101

location bias:定位偏倚 102

log-odds ratio:比值比对数 102

logarithmic scale:对数标尺 102

Logistic model:Logistic模型 102

Logistic regression:Logistic回归 102

logrank test:时序检验 103

longitudinal study:纵向性研究 103

loss to follow up:失访(见attrition) 103

MAG(ModMan Advisory Group):编辑管理咨询组(见EMAG) 104

Mantel-Haenszel test:Mantel-Haenszel检验 104

Markov-model:马可夫模型 104

masking:盲法(见blinding) 104

matched control:匹配对照 104

mean difference:均数差 105

mean:算术平均数均值 105

measurement bias(detection bias,ascertainment bias):测量偏倚 105

median:中位数 106

medical ethics:医学伦理学 106

medical subject headings:医学主题词(见MeSH headings) 106

MEDLINE(MEDlars onLine):美国国立医学图书馆在线资料库 106

MeerKat:米凯特数据库系统 107

megasearch engine:元搜索引擎(见metasearch engine) 107

membership bias:组成成员偏倚 107

Merck manual:默克手册 107

MeSH headings(medical subject headings):医学主题词 108

Meta-analysis:Meta分析 108

Meta-ethnography:荟萃民族志分析法 108

Meta-regression:荟萃回归 108

metasearch engine(megasearch engine,unified search engine):多元搜索引擎 108

Meta-synthesis:多元综合(见multi-level synthesis) 109

methodological quality:方法学质量 109

methodology expert:方法学专家 109

methods group(MG)(formerly known as Methods Working Group[MWG]):方法学组 109

migration bias:迁移性偏倚 109

minimisation:最小化法 109

misclassification bias:错分偏倚 110

miscommunication of risks:风险的错误表达 110

mixed-method:混合方法 110

moderator variable:缓冲变量 110

mode:模式众数 110

ModMan Advisory Group(MAG):编辑管理咨询组(见EMAG) 110

ModMan:模块管理软件(见Module Manager) 110

Module Manager(ModMan):模块管理软件 110

module:模块 110

molecular biomarker:分子生物学标志 111

molecular epidemiology:分子流行病学 111

Monitoring and Registration Group(MRG):监测和注册组 111

morbidity:病态 111

mortality reduction:死亡降低 111

mortality:死亡率 111

MRG:监测和注册组(见Monitoring and Registration Group) 112

multi-arm trial:多臂试验 112

multi-level synthesis:多水平综合 112

multicentre trial:多中心试验 112

multiple comparison:多重比较 112

multiple liner regression:多元线性回归 112

multiple publication bias:多次发表偏倚 112

multiplicative model:乘法模型 113

multistage sampling:多级抽样 113

multivariable prediction modelling:多变量预测模型 113

multivariate analvsis:多变量分析 113

N=1 design:单病例随机对照试验(见Number of 1 trial) 114

Nfs:失安全数(见fail-safe N) 114

narrative synthesis:叙述性综合 114

natural history study:自然史研究 114

natural history:疾病的自然史 114

NDA:新药申请(见new drug application) 114

necessary cause(proximity of cause):必要病因(直接病因) 114

negative likelihood ratio(-LR):阴性似然比 114

negative predictive value(-PV):阴性预测值 114

negative study:阴性研究 115

nested case-control study:巢式病例对照研究 115

new drug application(NDA):新药申请 115

Neyman's bias:奈曼偏倚(见prevalence-incidence bias) 115

NHSEED(NHS Economic Evaluation Database):NHS经济评价数据库 115

NICE:英国国家卫生服务部临床优化研究所 116

NNH:需要伤害人数(见number needed to harm) 116

NNT for a Meta-analysis:荟萃分析中的需治人数 116

NNT:需要治疗人数(见number needed to treat) 116

Nocebo effect:诺西博效应 116

non-experimental study:观察性研究(见observational stuay) 117

non-inferiority trial:非劣效性临床试验 117

non-randomized concurrent control trial:非随机同期对照试验 117

non-respondent bias:无应答偏倚 117

non-systematic review:非系统性综述 117

normal distribution:正态分布 117

null hypothesis:零假设(无效假设) 118

number needed to harm(NNH):需要伤害人数 118

number needed to treat(NNT):需要治疗人数 118

number of 1 RCT:单病例随机对照试验(见Number of 1 trial) 119

number of 1 study:单病例随机对照试验(见Number of 1 trial) 119

number ofl trial(number of 1 study,number of 1 RCT,randomised controlled trial in individual patient,single case experiment,N=1 design,intensive research design,intra subject-replication design):单病例随机对照试验 119

number of days/years gained or lost:获得或丧失的时间数(日/年) 119

numerical variable:数值变量 119

observational study(non-experimental study):观察性研究 120

odds ratio(OR):比值比 120

odds reduction:比值减低 120

odds:比值 120

off-label use:药品核准标示外使用 120

one-sided test(one-tailed test):单侧检验(见one-tailed test) 120

one-tailed test:单侧检验 120

one-way or multi-way sensitivity analyses:单向或多向敏感性分析 121

open clinical trial:开放式临床试验、非盲法试验 121

open label design:开放性设计 121

open-label trial:开放性试验 121

ordinal data:等级资料 122

original study:原始性研究(见primary study) 122

orphan drugs:孤儿药品 122

OR:比值比(见odds ratio) 122

outcome variable:结局变量(见dependent variable) 122

outcomes:结局 122

over-diagnosis bias:过度诊断偏倚 122

overmatching:过度匹配 123

overview:概述 123

P value:P值 124

paired control:配对对照 124

paired design:配对设计 124

PAR:人群归因危险度(见population attributive risk) 125

parallel group trial:平行组试验 125

parallel synthesis:平行综合 125

parallel test:平行试验 125

parameter:参数 125

partial verification bias:部分确诊偏倚 125

participant:试验参与者 125

participatory medicine:参与医学 126

passive surveillance:被动监测 126

patient expected event rate(PEER):病人期待的事件率 126

patient-report outcomes(PROs):患者自我报告结局 126

PBL:以问题为导向的学习(见problem-based learning) 127

PBMA:计划预算和边际分析(见programme budgeting and marginal analysis) 127

peer review:同行评审 127

PEER:病人期待的事件率(见patient expected event rate) 127

percentile:百分位数 127

performance bias:实施偏倚 127

period effect:治疗期影响 127

period expected years of life lost(PEYLL):期间减寿年数 128

period prevalence:期间患病率(见prevalence) 128

per-protocol analysis:按方案分析 128

person-years:人年 128

Peto method:Peto氏方法 128

Peto odds ratio:Peto比值比 129

PEYLL:期间减寿年数(见period expected years of life lost) 129

pharmacoeconomics:药物经济学 129

pharmacoepidemiology:药物流行病学 129

pharmacokinetics:药物代谢动力学 129

phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ trials:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ期临床试验 130

piloting:预研究 130

placebo:安慰剂 130

placebo control:安慰剂对照 130

placebo controlled study:安慰剂对照试验 131

placebo effect:安慰剂效应 131

placebo-standard study:标准治疗加安慰剂对照试验 131

planned analyses:事先计划分析 131

PloS(the Public Library of Science):科学公共科学图书馆 131

PMS:药物上市后监测(见post-marketing surveillance) 132

point estimate:效应值的点估计 132

Poisson distribution:泊松分布 132

popularity bias:倾向性偏倚 132

population attributive risk(PAR):人群归因危险度 132

population:人群,总体 132

positive likelihood ratio(+LR):阳性似然比 133

positive predictive value(+PV):阳性预测值 133

positive study:阳性研究 133

posterior distribution:后验分布 133

posterior probability:后验概率 133

post hoc analyses:事后分析(见unplanned analyses) 133

post-marketing surveillance(PMS):药物上市后监测 134

post-test odds:验后比 134

post-test probability:后验概率(见posterior probability) 134

potential years of life lost(PYLL):潜在减寿年数 134

power:统计效能,把握度(见statistical power) 134

PPG:出版政策组(见publishing policy group) 134

practical clinical trials:实效性临床试验(见pragmatic clinical trials) 134

pragmatic clinical trials(practical clinical trials):实效性临床试验 134

pre-specified analysis:事前规划分析(见planned analysis) 135

pre-test odds:验前比 135

precision:精密度,精度 135

preclinical:临床前 135

predictive medicine:预测医学 135

pre-test probability/prevalence(prior probability):验前概率/患病率 136

prevalence study:现况调查,现患调查 136

prevalence-incidence bias(Neyman's bias):现患-新发病例偏倚(奈曼偏倚) 136

prevalence:患病率 136

prevention trials:预防性试验 136

primary document:一次文献 137

primary outcome:主要结局 137

primary resources:原始研究证据来源/一级证据来源 137

primary study(original study):原始性研究 137

principal component analysis:主成分分析 137

principle of indifference:无差异原则 138

prior probability:验前/先验概率(见pre-test probability/pr evalence) 138

probabilistic sensitivity analyses:概率敏感分析 138

probability distribution:概率分布 138

probability:概率 138

problem-based learning(PBL):以问题为导向的学习 138

ProCite:一种英文文献管理软件 139

prognosis:预后 139

prognostic factor:预后因素 139

prognostic index:预后指数 139

prognostic tests:预后研究 139

programme budgeting and marginal analysis(PBMA):计划预算和边际分析 139

propensities:倾向 140

proportional hazards model:比例风险模型(见Cox-model) 140

proportion:比例 140

prospective cohort study:前瞻性队列研究(见cohort study) 140

prospective study:前瞻性研究(见cohort study) 140

PROs:患者自我报告结局(见patient-report outcomes) 140

protocol:研究方案 140

proximity of cause:直接病因(见necessary cause) 141

pseudodisease:伪疾病 141

publication arbiter:出版仲裁者 141

publication bias:发表偏倚 141

publishing policy group(PPG):出版政策组 141

PubMed:美国国立医学图书馆数据库 142

pull strategy:拉力策略 142

push strategy:推动策略 142

PYLL:潜在减寿年数(见potential years of life lost) 142

Q:Q点 143

Q statistic:Q统计量 143

Q统计量:Q statistic 143

QAG:质量咨询组(见quality advisory group) 143

QALYs:质量调整生命年(见quality adjusted life years) 143

QOL:生命质量(见quality of life) 143

qualitative comparative analysis:定性比较分析 143

qualitative meta-summary:定性的荟萃综合 143

qualitative research:定性研究 143

quality:质量 144

quality adjusted life years(QALYs):质量调整生命年 144

quality advisory group(QAG):质量咨询组 144

quality of life(QOL):生命质量 144

quality of life instrument:生命质量量表 145

quality of life trials(supportive care trials):生命质量研究(支持治疗研究) 145

quality score:质量计分 145

quality threshold:质量界限值 145

quantitative research:定量研究 145

quartile interval:四分位数间距 146

quasi-random allocation:半随机分配 146

quasi-randomised trial:半随机对照试验 146

QUOROM(the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses):Meta-分析报告的质量 146

RAG:RevMan软件咨询组(见RevMan Advisory Group) 147

randmoised clinical trial:随机临床试验(见randomised controlled trial) 148

randmoised cross-over controlled trial:随机交叉对照试验 148

random allocation:随机化分组 147

random effect model:随机效应模型 147

random error:随机误差 147

random permuted blocks:区组随机(见block randomisation) 147

random sample:随机样本(见random sampling) 147

random sampling:随机抽样 147

randomisation:随机化 148

randomised controlled trial(RCT,randmoised clinical trial):随机对照试验(随机临床试验) 148

randomised controlled trial in individual patient:单病例随机对照试验(见Number of 1 trial) 148

range:全距 149

rate:率 149

rate difference(RD):率差 149

RBI:相对获益增加(见relative benefit increase) 150

RCT:随机对照试验(见randomised controlled trial) 150

RD:率差(见rate difference) 150

recall bias:回忆偏倚 150

receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve):受试者工作特征曲线 150

recruitment status:招募状况 151

recurrence rate:复发率 151

referee process:评审过程 151

referee:评审人 151

reference class:参照等级 152

reference list:参考文献目录 152

Reference Manager:参考文献管理软件 152

reference population:参照人群 152

reference standard of diagnosis:诊断参照标准 152

references test bias:参考试验偏倚 152

referral filter bias:转诊偏倚 152

register of trials:试验注册(见trials register) 153

regression analysis:回归分析 153

regression model:回归模型 153

regression to the mean:向均数回归 153

relative benefit increase(RBI):相对获益增加 153

relative frequencies:相对频数 153

relative risk(RR):相对危险度,危险比 154

relative risk increase(RRI):相对危险度增加 154

relative risk reduction(RRR):相对危险度减低 154

reliability:可靠性 154

remission rate:缓解率 154

remote cause:间接病因 155

repeatability(reproducibility):可重复性(重现性) 155

reporting bias:报告偏倚 155

reproducibility:重现性(见repeatability) 155

research synthesis:研究综合 155

respect for person:尊重原则 155

response rate:应答率 155

restriction:限制 156

retrospective cohort study:回顾性队列研究(见cohort study) 156

review:文献综述 156

Review Group Co-ordinator(RGC)of a Coilaborative Review Gr oup(CRG):协作评价小组的评价组协调人 156

Review Manager(RevMan):Cochrane协作网系统评价制作管理软件 157

review protocol:系统评价研究方案(见protocol) 157

reviewer/author:系统综述者/作者 157

RevMan Advisory Group(RAG):RevMan软件咨询组 157

RevMan:Cochrane协作网系统评价制作管理软件(见review manager) 157

RGC:协作评价小组的评价组协调人(见Review Group Co-ordinator) 157

risk:危险度 157

risk difference:(RD)危险差/绝对危险性降低(见absolute risk reduction) 158

risk factor:危险因素 158

risk ratio:危险比 158

risk-benefit ratio:风险-收益比 158

ROC curve:ROC曲线/受试者工作特性曲线(见receiver operator characteristic curve) 158

RRI:相对危险度增加(见relative risk increase) 158

RRR:相对危险度减低(见relative risk reduction) 158

RR:相对危险度,危险比(见relative risk) 158

run-in period:预试期 158

safety:安全性 159

sample:样本 159

sample size calculation:样本含量计算 159

sampling:抽样 159

sampling error:抽样误差 159

sampling survey:抽样调查 160

scatter diagram:散点图 160

science citation index:科学引文索引 160

screening:筛查 161

SE:标准误(见standard error) 161

search interface:检索界面 161

search operator:检索式组合器 161

search strategy:检索策略 161

second resources:二级来源证据 161

secondary document:二次文献 162

secondary outcome:次要结局 162

secondary research evidence:二次研究证据 162

secondary study:二次研究 162

secretariat:秘书处 162

secular trend:长期趋势 163

selection bias:选择偏倚 163

selection criteria:选择标准 163

self control:自身对照 164

self-selection bias:自我选择偏倚 164

sensitivity:敏感性 164

sensitivity analysis:敏感性分析 164

sequential trial:序贯试验 165

serial test:序列试验 165

serious adverse effect:严重副作用 165

severe adverse effect:重度不良反应 165

SEYLL:标准减寿年数(见standard period expected years of life lost) 165

side effects:副作用 165

significance level:显著性水平 166

significance lest:显著性检验(见hypothesis testing) 166

simple random sampling:单纯随机抽样 166

simple randomization:简单随机化 166

single case experiment:单病例随机对照试验(见Number of 1 trial) 166

single-blind study(single-masked study):单盲试验 166

single-masked study:单盲试验(见single-blind study) 166

size:效应大小(见effect size) 166

size of test:检验水准(见significance level) 167

SMD:标准化均数差(见standardized mean difference) 167

SnNout:阴性排除法 167

social medicine:社会医学 167

specialized register:专业注册资料库(见trials register) 167

specificity:特异度 167

spectrum bias:群谱偏倚 167

SpPin:阳性诊断法 168

stakeholder:利益各方 168

standard deviation:标准差 168

standard error(SE):标准误 168

standard period expected years of life lost(SEYLL):标准减寿年数 168

standard treatment:标准治疗 169

standardization:标准化 169

standardized mean difference(SMD):标准化均数差 169

standardized rate:标准化率 169

standards for reporting diagnosis accuracy:诊断性准确研究报告标准(见STARD) 169

standards of care:医疗标准 169

STARD(Standards for reporting diagnosis accuracy):诊断性准确研究报告标准 170

statistical power:统计学效能(统计学把握度) 170

statistical significance:统计学显著性 170

steering group:指导组 170

stochastic:随机的 170

stopping rule:试验终止规则 171

stratification:分层 171

stratified randomization:分层随机化 171

stratified sampling:分层抽样 171

student's t-test:t检验(见t test) 171

study endpoint:试验终点 171

study population:研究人群 172

study type:研究类型 172

subgroup analysis:亚组分析 172

subject headings:主题词 172

summary data:概括性数据 172

superiority trial:优效性试验 173

supportive care trials:支持治疗研究(见quality of life trials) 173

surrogate endpoints(intermediary outcome,surrogate outcome):替代终点 173

surrogate outcome:替代结局(见surrogate endpoints) 173

surveillance of disease:疾病监测 173

survey:调查(见cross-sectional study) 174

survival analysis:生存分析 174

survival cohorts bias:存活队列偏倚 174

survival curve:生存曲线 174

survival function:生存函数 174

survival rate:生存率 175

survival time:生存时间 175

susceptibility bias:易感性偏倚 175

suspended:暂停(见recruitment status) 175

systematic error:系统误差(见bias) 175

systematic overview:系统综述(见systematic review) 175

systematic review(systematic overview):系统评价 175

systematic sampling:系统抽样 176

t distribution,t test(Student's t-test):t-分布,t-检验 177

target population:目标人群、靶人群、目标总体 177

Technical Implementation Advisory Group(TIAG):技术实施咨询组 177

temporal sequence:时间顺序 177

terminated:终止(见recruitment status) 178

tertiary resources:三级证据来源 178

test accuracy study:试验准确性研究 178

test of association:关联性检验 178

text word:文本词 178

the National Research Register(NRR):国立研究注册数据库 178

the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses:Meta-分析报告的质量(见QUOROM) 178

thematic analysis/synthesis:主题分析/综合 178

therapeutic trial:治疗性试验(见clinical trial) 179

three-arm study:三臂试验 179

threshold analyses:阈值分析 179

TIAG:技术实施咨询组(见Technical Implementation Advisory Group) 179

time effect bias:时间效应偏倚 179

time horizon:时间跨度 179

time point prevalence rate:时点患病率(见prevalence) 179

time preferences:资源使用的时间选择 179

time to event:时间-事件 180

time-to-event data:时间-事件数据 180

TM:传统医学(见traditional medicine) 180

tolerability:耐受性 180

toxicity:毒性 180

traditional medicine(TM):传统医学 180

translational medicine:转换医学 181

translational research:转换研究 181

treatment:治疗,处理 181

treatment effects:治疗效果 181

treatment IND:用于治疗的研究性新药 181

treatment received analysis:接受治疗分析(见per-protocol analvsis) 182

trend:趋势 182

trialist:试验者 182

trials register:试验注册资料库 182

trials search co-ordinator(TSC):临床试验检索协调人 182

triangulation:三角互证法 183

triple blind:三盲 183

true positive rate:真阳性率(见sensitivity) 183

truncation symbol:截词符 183

two-sided:双侧(见two-tailed) 183

two-tailed:双尾 183

type Ⅰ error(α error):第一类错误 183

type Ⅱ error(β error):第二类错误 184

uncertainty:不确定性 185

unconfounded comparison:无混杂比较 185

uncontrolled studies:无对照研究 185

unified search engine:集合式搜索引擎(见metasearch engine) 185

unit of analysis error:分析单位误差 185

unit of randomization allocation:随机分配单位 185

unmasking bias:揭露伪装偏倚(见detection signal bias) 186

unplanned analyses:未事先计划的分析 186

update searching:更新检索 186

users of reviews:系统评价使用者 186

utility:效用 186

validity:真实性、效度 187

variable:变量 187

variance:方差 187

VIP:中文科技期刊全文数据库 187

volunteer bias:志愿者偏倚 187

wash-out period:洗脱期 188

web of causation:致病因素网 188

weighted least squares regression:加权最小二乘回归 188

weighted mean or weighted mean difference:权重的均数或权重的均差 188

weighting:加权 188

WHO:世界卫生组织(见World Health Organization) 189

willingness to pay method:意愿支付法 189

withdrawn:撤销(见recruitment status) 189

WMD:权重的均数或权重的均数差(见weighted mean or weighted mean difference) 189

work years of life lost(WYLL):工作寿命损失年数 189

workup bias:病情检查偏倚 189

World Health Organization(WHO):世界卫生组织 189

world wide web(www):万维网 190

worst case scenario:最差案例演示分析 190

worst/best case analysis(or analyses of extremes):最差/最佳分析(极端分析) 190

WYLL:工作寿命损失年数(见work years of life lost) 191

χ2-test:卡方检验(见chi-square test) 191

youden's index:尤登氏指数 191

zero time:零点时间 192

zero-time shift:零时间移位 192

Z值: 192

2×2 table:四格表 177

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