农村水电管理知识百问PDF电子书下载

Chapter One Water Power Resources Management 1

1．What is the definition of water power resources?What characteristics does it have? 1

2．What is the principle of development of water power resources? 3

3．What are the regulations for planning and approval of water power resources development? 3

4．How to get the development permit of water power resources? 5

5．Which department is responsible for issuing the water power resources permit? 5

6．What are the procedures for leasing water power resources? 6

7．How long is the tenure of use for water power resources? 7

8．What is the principle of use of the revenue from the user right fees of water resources development? 7

9．What are the conditions of hydro power generation,and how to calculate the installed capacity? 8

Chapter Two Construction and Management of Rural Hydro Power Projects 10

10．What kinds of procedures are included in the construction of rural hydro power projects? 10

11．What kinds of regulations concern the approval of rural hydro power projects? 10

12．What kinds of conditions are required for the approval of rural hydro power projects in view of water conservancy? 12

13．What kinds of conditions are required for official reply to feasibility study reports of rural hydro power projects? 12

14．What kinds of conditions are required for the approval of initiation of work on rural hydro power projects? 13

15．What kinds of regulations are implemented in development of rural hydro power projects to protect the environment? 14

16．What kind of basic safety conditions are required before initiation of work on rural hydro power projects? 16

17．What does'Four Systems'mean in rural hydro power construction projects? 18

18．What kinds of regulations are adopted for public bidding of rural hydro power projects? 18

19．What kinds of requirements exist for the supervision company of rural hydro power construction projects? 20

20．How to prepare a flood prevention plan for rural hydro power construction projects? 21

21．How many stages of approval are included for rural hydro power construction projects? 23

22．What kinds of conditions are required for completion approval of rural hydro power construction projects? 24

23．What are main contents of the post project evaluation? 25

24．What are the 3 systems of quality management of water conservancy and hydro power project? 26

25．How to strengthen supervision and management of rural hydro power construction market? 27

26．How to strengthen supervision and management of production safety of rural hydro power construction projects? 29

27．What kind of technical data should be collected for a new-built rural hydro power station? 30

28．What kind of technical data should be collected for upgrading a rural hydro power station? 31

29．What are the rights and procedures of design change during the process of rural hydro power construction? 31

30．What kind of drawings should be provided by the design authority of a rural hydro power station? What are the contents of drawings of completed works? 32

31．What are the basic requirements of technical archives management of rural hydro power stations? 33

32．What kind of materials should be packaged with electromechanical equipments delivered to the site? 34

33．What kind of materials should be packaged with control and protection panels delivered to the site? 35

34．What is the content of utilization guides of products? 35

Chapter Three Operation and Management of Rural Hydro Power Station Reservoir 36

35．What are main tasks of reservoir regulation of rural hydro power stations? 36

36．What are the normal regulation and optimized regulation? 37

37．What is the incoming flow of hydro power station and how to indicate it? 38

38．What kind of hydrological and meteorological characteristics and data are required for reservoir regulation? 39

39．How to indicate the water quantity equation of a reservoir? 40

40．What is the content of regulation work of rural hydro power station reservoirs? 41

41．What are the basic methods,required conditions and flood preparations for the experience based on the regulation of a single power station? 42

42．What is the main content of reservoir regulation summary? 43

43．What is ecological regulation of a reservoir? 44

44．What is an automatic hydrological measuring and forecasting system? 47

45．What kinds of regulations are imposed on decisions of administrative responsible persons for flood protection of rural hydro power stations? 48

46．How to decide the regulation right of flood protection of rural hydro power stations? 49

47．How to decide the right of approval of the regulation plan of rural hydro power stations during a flood period and the emergency rescue pre-plan? 50

Chapter Four Safety Management of Rural Hydro Power 52

48．What operational safety regulations should rural stations obey? 52

49．What are the administrative departments of rural hydro power industry and safety management,and what are the responsibilities of the departments? 52

50．What is the aim of production safety management,and what are the principles and basic tasks of production safety management? 54

51．What is responsibility system for production safety? 55

52．What is the main responsibility of a safety worker of rural stations? 56

53．What are the qualifications and main responsibilities of safety supervisors? 56

54．Who is responsible for training the safety supervisor? 58

55．What is the content of the daily management work of production safety of rural stations? 58

56．What are the effective activities for production safety of rural stations? 59

57．What are the main contents and duties of safety management of reservoirs and dams? 59

58．What are the responsibilities of flood control work of rural stations? 62

59．What is the operational management system of rural stations? 64

60．Who will be responsible for the qualification certificates for the training of mechanical and electric workers of a station? 67

61．What are the organizational and technical measuresfor maintaining safety in operating mechanical and electrical equipment? 67

62．What does'Two Tickets Three Regulations'means? 67

63．What work is for the first and second work ticket? 68

64．What kinds of workers are listed in work ticket?What are their qualifications and responsibilities? 68

65．What are the supervision regulations? 70

66．What are the rules for work interruption,transfer,and completion? 70

67．In which conditions can the chief take part in the work of the work group? 71

68．In which condition can the work ticket be closed? 71

69．What is transfer switching and transfer switching ticket?How to fill-in the ticket? 72

70．What conditions require a work ticket,and which conditions not? 72

71．What are the requirements for power off when operating electrical equipment?What are the regulations for oral or phone order? 73

72．What does'five preventions'mean? 73

73．How to define work at heights?And what are the regulations for working at heights? 73

74．What are the regulations of low voltage hot-line work? 75

75．What to do after repairing work and before sending electricity? 76

76．What are the requirements for installing or removing of the grounding line during high voltage equipment repairs and power off? 76

77．What are the requirements for signs? 77

78．What are the regulations of safe electricity transfer? 77

79．What are the technical regulations for cutting off electricity safely? 78

Chapter Five Rural Hydro Power Equipment Management 80

80．What are the contents of technology management of electric equipment? 80

81．What contents are in electric equipment technical monitoring? 81

82．How is hydro power equipment classified?How to calculate the rate of equipment in a good condition? 82

83．What are shortcomings of equipments in rural hydro power plants classified? 84

84．What are the principles and requirements of equipment checks 84

85．What do electric check and repair consist of?What's the test standard? 85

86．What is the status check for electric equipments? 86

87．What approaches are used for electrical insulation test?What reasons are there for caution during the test? 86

88．What elements are needed for unserviceable equipment report? 90

89．What procedures are necessary for scrapping equipment? 90

90．What responsibilities are there for the equipment owners? 91

91．What problems are common for the intake of rural hydro power stations? 92

92．What key points are there for the maintenance of the trashrack of rural hydro power stations? 92

93．How to avoid sedimentation at the intake and sand from getting into the machinery? 92

94．How to ensure the safe operation of the open channel of rural hydro power stations? 93

95．How to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel of rural hydro power stations? 93

96．How to ensure the safe operation of the inlet gate of rural hydro power stations? 94

97．How to ensure the safe operation of the pressurized open pipes?How to treat the blasting of the pressured open pipes? 94

98．How to ensure the safe operation of the fore bay of rural hydro power stations? 95

99．How to ensure the safe operation of the surge tank? 95

100．How to start approval procedures for electrome chanical equipments of rural hydro stations? 96

101．What documents shall be prepared before launching the approval procedures? 98

102．How to ensure the safe operation of the turbines in rural hydro power stations? 99

103．What are the reasons causing overheating of bearing of a turbine? 102

104．What should be done in case of shear pin disjunction of guide blade of turbine? 103

105．How to guarantee the safe operation of speed governor? 103

106．How is the oil pressure of the speed governor adiusted? 105

107．How to guarantee the safety of the main valve equipment in operation? 105

108．How to protect the horizontal turbines? 107

109．How to guarantee the safety of oil,air and water systems in operation? 107

110．How to guarantee the safety of hoisting equipment in operation? 110

111．How to deal with the runaway of the unit? 112

112．What's the damage of single-phase grounding and inter-phase short circuit of stator winding of the generator?What are the common reasons causing short circuit?How to prevent them? 112

113．What's the damage of grounding accident of rotor winding of the generator?What are the regular reasons causing the accident?How to prevent it? 113

114．What are the regular parallel methods of generation?How to prevent the asynchronous parallel? 114

115．How to regulate the accidental overload of a generator? 114

116．What measures should be taken by the operator when the generator is in case of violent vibration or out of synchronization? 114

117．What measures should be taken by the operator in case of tripping of the generator? 115

118．What are the common reasons causing non-rotation of the motor when it is in operation? 115

119．How to guarantee the safety when the generator isin service? 115

120．How to monitor and inspect the transformer in operation? 116

121．What attention should be paid to the transformer in operation after new installation or overhaul? 117

122．What are the reasons causing fire accident of the oilimmersed transformer and how to prevent it? 118

123．What are the principals of dealing with the tripping of the transformer? 118

124．In what situation should the circuit breaker be powered off immediately? 120

125．What attention should be paid to the vacuum circuit breaker when in use? 120

126．What are the features of the SF6 circuit breaker? 121

127．What principles should be obeyed for operation of isolating switch and circuit breaker?How to operate when switching on/off by mistake? 121

128．What is the requirement for operating sequence of the 10kV failing fuse? 122

129．What attention should be paid to installing and operating the potential transformer and the current transformer?What measures should be taken to guarantee the safety when operating the electrified secondary circuit? 123

130．How to regulate the minimal height between the erected conducting line of transmission lines and the ground? 124

131．What's the minimal safety distance between operator and electrified conducting line when working on a pole of electrified line? 125

132．How to guarantee the operating security of the output transmission line of rural hydro power stations? 125

133．How to guarantee the operating security for the alternating service power of rural hydro power stations? 126

134．How to guarantee the operating security for the direct service power of rural hydro power stations? 127

135．How to guarantee the alternating-current service power of rural power stations with a low voltage unit? 128

136．Why the neutrals of the generator and low-voltage side of the main transformer must be grounded for rural power stations with low-voltage unit? 128

137．How to guarantee the safety for adjustment of active/reactive power if the rural power station with low-voltage unit has no automatic excitation regulator? 129

138．How to guarantee the safety of operation of the electric secondary equipment of rural hydro power stations? 131

139．How to guarantee the safe operation of the computer monitoring system of rural hydro power stations? 132

140．Which metal parts of electric equipment should be with protective grounding or protective neutralization?And what places should be with iterative grounding? 133

141．How many types of Thunder Damage are there? How to protect from thunder strike? 135

142．What are the requirements for lightning rod installation?How to prevent lightning over-voltage? 135

143．What are the rules for inspecting outdoors high voltage devices under thunder storm? 136

144．What are the installation rules for power frequency grounding resistance for lightning proof devices? 136

145．How to identify the insulator resistance standard of common electrical equipment and wires? 137

146．What are the necessary precautions when meas uring the insulation resistance? 138

147．How to use the ohmmeter to measure the insulator resistance? 139

148．What are the safety appliances for safe operation of rural hydro power stations?How should their condition be examined? 139

149．What are the working condition and test standards of electrical safety appliances? 140

150．What are the precautions for fire protection in rural hydro power plants? 142

151．What are the precautions for the generator fire protection in rural hydro power plants? 142

152．What are the precautions for oil system fire protection in rural hydro power plants? 143

153．What are the precautions for transformer fire protection in rural hydro power plants? 144

Chapter Six Emergency Management for Rural Hydro Power Stations 145

154．In how many types can the potential accidents in rural hydro power stations be divided into? 145

155．What are the rules of the accident reporting system? 145

156．What is the purpose，function，and contents of an accident investigation,and what are its requirements? 146

157 What kind of operating or production accidents need to set up an emergency dealing system?How to do it? 147

158．What are the requirements for accident field protection,material collection and filing? 148

159．What are the precautions for flood control of the rural hydro power houses and mechanical equipment? 150

160．What are the features of electrical fire? 153

161．What are the causes for electrical fire in rural hydro power stations? 153

162．What are the precautions when putting out a fire? 154

163．What are the technical measures to avoid getting an electric shock? 155

164．What are the rescue measures that should be taken when electric shock accident happens?How to make the injured get rid of the electrical source?What are the precautions for rescuing? 155

165．What are the principles for first aid?What are the basic measures? 156

References 157