新编大学生英语语法 1PDF电子书下载

CONTENTS 1

Chapter Ⅰ Introduction：Grammar and Usage 1

1.1 What Is Grammar？ 1

1.2 Grammatical Rules Are Subject to Change 2

1.3 Grammar and Usage 4

Chapter Ⅱ Word,Morpheme and Word-Formation 8

2.1 Words and Morphemes 8

2.2 Word-Formation 9

1）The Development of Word-Formation 9

2）Ways of Word-Formation 11

Chapter Ⅲ General Remarks on Parts of Speech and Members of the Sentence 23

3.1 Parts of Speech 23

3.2 Members of the Sentence 26

3.3 The Sentence 27

3.4 Kinds of Sentence 30

Chapter Ⅳ Basic Sentence Patterns 32

4.1 General Remarks 32

4.2 Basic Sentence Patterns 34

4.3 Transformational Relations Between the Basic Patterns 38

Patterns into the Interrogative 44

4.4 Transformation of the Basic Sentence 44

4.5 Transformation of the Affirmative into the Negative 46

4.6 Enlargement of the Basic Sentence Patterns 48

Chapter Ⅴ The Noun（Ⅰ）Classification and Function 52

5.1 Classification of Nouns 52

5.2 Characteristic Features of the Noun 57

Chapter Ⅵ The Noun（Ⅱ）Number 62

6.1 Numbers 62

6.2 Formation of the Plural Number 62

6.3 Form and Meaning of Number in the Noun 65

7.1 General Remarks 77

Chapter Ⅷ The Noun（Ⅲ）Case 77

7.2 Formation of the Genitive Case 78

7.3 Use of the Genitive Case 79

7.4 Comparison of the Uses of the's Form and of Construction 80

7.5 Elliptical Genitive 86

7.6 The Double Genitive 87

Chapter Ⅷ The Article 91

8.1 General Remarks 91

8.2 Meaning and Basic Uses of the Indefinite Article 95

Article 99

8.3 Some other Uses of the Indefinite 99

8.4 Meaning and Basic Use of the Definite Article 104

8.5 The Use of Definite Article with Some Proper Names 108

8.6 The Use of Zero Article 109

8.7 The Omission of the Article 113

Chapter Ⅸ The Pronoun（Ⅰ）Personal Pronouns-Relative Pronouns 117

9.1 Introductory Remarks 117

9.2 Personal Pronouns 120

9.3 Possessive pronouns 128

9.4 Reflexive Pronouns 130

9.5 Reciprocal Pronouns 132

9.6 Demonstrative Pronouns 134

9.7 Interrogative Pronouns 136

9.8 Relative Pronouns 141

Chapter Ⅹ The Pronoun（Ⅱ）Indefinite Pronouns 146

10.1 Groups of Indefinite Pronouns 146

10.2 Group One 146

10.3 Group Two 153

10.4 Group Three 156

11.1 Cardinals and Ordinals 165

Chapter Ⅺ The Numeral 165

11.2 Uses of the Cardinals and Ordinals 167

11.3 Some Remarks on the use of the 170

Cardinals and Ordinals 170

11.4 Fractional Numerals 171

11.5 Decimals 172

11.6 Expressions of Time,Date,Various Kinds of Numbers,Ratios and Roots 173

11.7 Expressions of Addition,Substraction,Multiplication and Division 175

11.8 Some other Numerical Expressions 176

12.2 Classes of Verbs 181

Chapter ⅩⅡ The Verb（Ⅰ）Classification and Basic Forms 181

12.1 General Remarks 181

12.3 Finite and Non-finite Forms of the Verb 187

12.4 The Four Basic Forms of the Verb 188

12.5 Regular and Irregular Verbs 189

Chapter ⅩⅢ The Verb（Ⅱ）Tense and Aspect 198

13.1 Time,Tense and Aspect 198

13.2 Use of Tenses 199

13.3 Use of Continuous Aspects 206

13.4 Use of Perfect Aspects 213

13.5 Use of perfect Continuous Aspects 220

13.6 The Future Time 223

Chapter ⅩⅣ The verb（Ⅲ）Lexical Aspect 223

14.1 What Is Lexical Aspect？ 223

13.7 The past F？ture Time 231

14.2 Classification of the Lexical Aspects 234

14.3 Significance in Comprehension of the Aspective Force 243

Chapter ⅩⅤ The Verb（Ⅳ）Voice 253

15.1 The Active and the Passive 253

15.2 The Use of the Voice 253

15.3 Active-Passive Transformation 258

15.4 Multi-Word Verbs to Be Used in the Passive 261

15.5 Quasi-Passives 263

15.6 Tenses in the Passive 266

Chapter ⅩⅥ The verb（Ⅴ）Transformational Relation Between Intransitives and Transitives 267

16.1 Introductory Remarks 267

16.2 Intransitives Converted from Transitives 268

16.3 Some Subtle Distinction Between the Passive Form and the Intransitive 272

16.4 Transitives Converted from Intransitives 274

Chapter ⅩⅦ The Verb（Ⅵ）Mood 279

17.1 General Remarks 279

17.2 Subjunctive in Conditional Sentences 280

17.3 Subjunctive in Some Other Kind of Conditionals 286

17.4 Subjunctive in Some Subordinate Clauses 288

17.5 Subjunctive in Some Other Cases,Mainly in Simple Sentences 293

Chapter ⅩⅧ The Verb（Ⅷ）Primary Auxiliaries 296

18.1 General Remarks 296

18.2 Be 297

18.3 Have 300

18.4 Do 303

19.1 General View 306

Chapter ⅩⅨ The Verb（Ⅷ）Modal Auxiliaries 306

19.2 Can（Could）,May（Might） 307

19.3 Must,Have to 313

19.4 Ought 316

19.5 Shall 317

19.6 Should 321

19.7 Will,Would 322

19.8 Dare,Need 324

Appendix Ⅰ：Grammatical Terms Used in This Volume 327

（1—4） 337

Chapter Ⅰ Introduction：Grammar and Usage 337

［Ⅰ］Exercises 337

Appendix Ⅱ：Exerises with Key 337

Chapter Ⅱ Word,Morpheme and Word-Formation（5—8） 339

Chapter Ⅲ General Remarks on Parts of Speeh and Members of the Sentence（9—11） 343

Chapter Ⅳ Basic Sentence Patterns（12—15） 346

Chapter Ⅴ The Noun（Ⅰ）Classification and Function（16—20） 350

Chapter Ⅵ The Noun（Ⅱ）Number（21—24） 353

Chapter Ⅶ　The Noun（Ⅲ）Case（25—27） 356

Chapter Ⅶ　The Article（28—31） 358

Chapter Ⅸ The Pronoun（Ⅰ）Personal Pronouns——Relative Pronouns（32—36） 363

Chapter Ⅹ The Pronoun（Ⅱ）Indefinite Pronouns（37—40） 367

Chapter Ⅺ The Numeral（41—44） 370

Chapter ⅩⅡ The Verb（Ⅰ）Classification and Basic Forms（45—48） 372

Chapter ⅩⅢ The Verb（Ⅱ）Tense and Aspect（49—55） 377

Chapter ⅩⅣ The Verb（Ⅲ）Lexical Aspect（56—57） 386

Chapter ⅩⅤ The Verb（Ⅳ）Voice（58—61） 388

Chapter ⅩⅥ The Verb（Ⅴ）Transformational Relation Between Intransitives and Transitives（62—64） 391

Chapter ⅩⅦ The Verb（Ⅵ）Mood（65—67） 394

Chapter ⅩⅧ The Verb（Ⅶ）Primary Auxiliaries（68—69） 397

Chapter ⅩⅨ The Verb（Ⅷ）Modal Auxiliares（70—72） 399

Chapter Ⅰ（1—4） 402

［Ⅱ］Key 402

Chapter Ⅱ（5—8） 406

Chapter Ⅲ（9—11） 410

Chapter Ⅳ（12—15） 413

Chapter Ⅴ（16—20） 416

Chapter Ⅵ（21—24） 418

Chapter Ⅶ（25—27） 422

Chapter Ⅷ（28—31） 424

Chapter Ⅸ（32—36） 427

Chapter Ⅹ（37—40） 430

Chapter Ⅺ（41—44） 432

Chapter ⅩⅡ（45—48） 436

Chapter ⅩⅢ（49—55） 438

Chapter ⅩⅣ（56—57） 443

Chapter ⅩⅤ（58—61） 445

Chapter ⅩⅥ（62—64） 448

Chapter ⅩⅦ（65—67） 449

Chapter ⅩⅧ（68—69） 451

Chapter ⅩⅨ（70一72） 453